diff --git a/proxy/upstreams.go b/proxy/upstreams.go
index dfb44e741..c44a25a88 100644
--- a/proxy/upstreams.go
+++ b/proxy/upstreams.go
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ type UpstreamConfig struct {
 
 	// Upstreams is a list of default upstreams.
 	Upstreams []upstream.Upstream
+
+	// DomainSpecificUpstreams is a list of domain specific upstreams.
+	DomainSpecificUpstreams []upstream.Upstream
 }
 
 // type check
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ type ParseError struct {
 	// err is the original error.
 	err error
 
-	// Idx is an index of the line of the upstream list.
+	// Idx is an index of the lines.  See [ParseUpstreamsConfig].
 	Idx int
 }
 
@@ -153,6 +156,9 @@ type configParser struct {
 
 	// upstreams is a list of default upstreams.
 	upstreams []upstream.Upstream
+
+	// domainSpecificUpstreams is a list of domain specific upstreams.
+	domainSpecificUpstreams []upstream.Upstream
 }
 
 // parse returns UpstreamConfig and error if upstreams configuration is invalid.
@@ -172,6 +178,7 @@ func (p *configParser) parse(conf []string) (c *UpstreamConfig, err error) {
 
 	return &UpstreamConfig{
 		Upstreams:                p.upstreams,
+		DomainSpecificUpstreams:  p.domainSpecificUpstreams,
 		DomainReservedUpstreams:  p.domainReservedUpstreams,
 		SpecifiedDomainUpstreams: p.specifiedDomainUpstreams,
 		SubdomainExclusions:      p.subdomainsOnlyExclusions,
@@ -180,7 +187,7 @@ func (p *configParser) parse(conf []string) (c *UpstreamConfig, err error) {
 
 // parseLine returns an error if upstream configuration line is invalid.
 func (p *configParser) parseLine(idx int, confLine string) (err error) {
-	upstreams, domains, err := splitConfigLine(idx, confLine)
+	upstreams, domains, err := splitConfigLine(confLine)
 	if err != nil {
 		// Don't wrap the error since it's informative enough as is.
 		return err
@@ -197,7 +204,7 @@ func (p *configParser) parseLine(idx int, confLine string) (err error) {
 	}
 
 	for _, u := range upstreams {
-		err = p.specifyUpstream(domains, u, idx, confLine)
+		err = p.specifyUpstream(domains, u, idx)
 		if err != nil {
 			// Don't wrap the error since it's informative enough as is.
 			return err
@@ -210,14 +217,14 @@ func (p *configParser) parseLine(idx int, confLine string) (err error) {
 // splitConfigLine parses upstream configuration line and returns list upstream
 // addresses (one or many), list of domains for which this upstream is reserved
 // (may be nil) or error if something went wrong.
-func splitConfigLine(idx int, confLine string) (upstreams, domains []string, err error) {
+func splitConfigLine(confLine string) (upstreams, domains []string, err error) {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(confLine, "[/") {
 		return []string{confLine}, nil, nil
 	}
 
 	domainsLine, upstreamsLine, found := strings.Cut(confLine[len("[/"):], "/]")
 	if !found || upstreamsLine == "" {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("wrong upstream specification %d %q", idx, confLine)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("wrong upstream specification")
 	}
 
 	// split domains list
@@ -241,19 +248,14 @@ func splitConfigLine(idx int, confLine string) (upstreams, domains []string, err
 }
 
 // specifyUpstream specifies the upstream for domains.
-func (p *configParser) specifyUpstream(
-	domains []string,
-	u string,
-	idx int,
-	confLine string,
-) (err error) {
+func (p *configParser) specifyUpstream(domains []string, u string, idx int) (err error) {
 	dnsUpstream, ok := p.upstreamsIndex[u]
 	// TODO(e.burkov):  Improve identifying duplicate upstreams.
 	if !ok {
 		// create an upstream
 		dnsUpstream, err = upstream.AddressToUpstream(u, p.options.Clone())
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cannot prepare the upstream %d %q: %s", idx, confLine, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot prepare the upstream: %s", err)
 		}
 
 		// save to the index
@@ -262,11 +264,18 @@ func (p *configParser) specifyUpstream(
 
 	addr := dnsUpstream.Address()
 	if len(domains) == 0 {
-		log.Debug("dnsproxy: upstream at index %d: %s", idx, addr)
 		p.upstreams = append(p.upstreams, dnsUpstream)
+
+		log.Debug("dnsproxy: upstream at index %d: %s", idx, addr)
 	} else {
-		log.Debug("dnsproxy: upstream at index %d: %s is reserved for %s", idx, addr, domains)
+		p.domainSpecificUpstreams = append(p.domainSpecificUpstreams, dnsUpstream)
 		p.includeToReserved(dnsUpstream, domains)
+
+		log.Debug("dnsproxy: upstream at index %d: %s is reserved for %d domains",
+			idx,
+			addr,
+			len(domains),
+		)
 	}
 
 	return nil