diff --git a/db-migrations/migrations/20240404132816-clear-historic-mechanism.cjs b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404132816-clear-historic-mechanism.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81880b78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404132816-clear-historic-mechanism.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+'use strict'
+
+require('dotenv').config()
+
+const {POSTGRES_BAN_USER} = process.env
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+  async up(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+      // Clear trigger and trigger function
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_adress  ON ban.address;
+        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_ct ON ban.common_toponym;
+        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_district ON ban.district;
+        DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.historisation();
+        `)
+
+      // Drop all historic tables
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ban.address_h;
+        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ban.common_toponym_h;
+        DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ban.district_h;
+      `)
+
+      // Delete data that was previously "deleted" by the trigger
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        DELETE FROM ban.address WHERE upper(range_validity) IS NOT NULL;
+        DELETE FROM ban.common_toponym WHERE upper(range_validity) IS NOT NULL;
+        DELETE FROM ban.district WHERE upper(range_validity) IS NOT NULL;
+      `)
+
+      // Drop range_validity on all current tables
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address DROP COLUMN range_validity;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym DROP COLUMN range_validity;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district DROP COLUMN range_validity;
+      `)
+
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS btree_gist;')
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(error)
+    }
+  },
+
+  async down(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+      // Add range_validity column on common_toponym table
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ADD range_validity tstzrange DEFAULT tstzrange(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ALTER COLUMN range_validity DROP DEFAULT;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      // Add range_validity column on common_toponym table
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ADD range_validity tstzrange DEFAULT tstzrange(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ALTER COLUMN range_validity DROP DEFAULT;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      // Add range_validity column on district table
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ADD range_validity tstzrange DEFAULT tstzrange(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ALTER COLUMN range_validity DROP DEFAULT;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS btree_gist;')
+
+      // Create address_h historic table
+      // the adresse_h_id_range_validity_excl constraint ensures that no two rows have the same id value and overlapping range_validity ranges.
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        CREATE TABLE ban.address_h (LIKE ban.address);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address_h ADD CONSTRAINT adresse_h_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (id)
+          REFERENCES ban.address (id) MATCH SIMPLE
+          ON UPDATE NO ACTION
+          ON DELETE NO ACTION;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address_h ADD CONSTRAINT adresse_h_id_range_validity_excl EXCLUDE USING gist (
+          id WITH =,
+          range_validity WITH &&);
+        CREATE INDEX ON  ban.address_h (id);
+        CREATE INDEX ON ban.address_h USING GIST (range_validity);
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.address_h ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.address_h ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      // Create common_toponym_h historic table
+      // the common_toponym_h_id_range_validity_excl constraint ensures that no two rows have the same id value and overlapping range_validity ranges.
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        CREATE TABLE ban.common_toponym_h (LIKE ban.common_toponym);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym_h ADD CONSTRAINT common_toponym_h_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (id)
+          REFERENCES ban.common_toponym (id) MATCH SIMPLE
+          ON UPDATE NO ACTION
+          ON DELETE NO ACTION;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym_h ADD CONSTRAINT common_toponym_h_id_range_validity_excl EXCLUDE USING gist (
+          id WITH =,
+          range_validity WITH &&);
+        CREATE INDEX ON  ban.common_toponym_h (id);
+        CREATE INDEX ON ban.common_toponym_h USING GIST (range_validity);
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.common_toponym_h ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.common_toponym_h ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      // Create district_h historic table
+      // the district_h_id_range_validity_excl constraint ensures that no two rows have the same id value and overlapping range_validity ranges.
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        CREATE TABLE ban.district_h (LIKE ban.district);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district_h ADD CONSTRAINT district_h_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (id)
+          REFERENCES ban.district (id) MATCH SIMPLE
+          ON UPDATE NO ACTION
+          ON DELETE NO ACTION;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district_h ADD CONSTRAINT district_h_id_range_validity_excl EXCLUDE USING gist (
+          id WITH =,
+          range_validity WITH &&);
+        CREATE INDEX ON  ban.district_h (id);
+        CREATE INDEX ON ban.district_h USING GIST (range_validity);
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.district_h ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.district_h ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+      // Grant permissions to ban user
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON TABLE ban.address_h, ban.common_toponym_h, ban.district_h TO "${POSTGRES_BAN_USER}";`)
+
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        --@version 0.02, 2024-02-26
+        --@author  IGN
+        ------------------ FONCTION TRIGGER-----------------------------------------------------
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.historisation()
+            RETURNS trigger
+            LANGUAGE 'plpgsql'
+        
+        AS $BODY$
+        
+        BEGIN
+          IF (TG_OP = 'INSERT') THEN
+              NEW.range_validity =  tstzrange(current_timestamp::timestamp,NULL);
+            RETURN NEW;
+            ELSEIF (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') THEN
+                --si il n'y a pas de changement pas d'update et pas action dans historique on interrompt l'action du trigger--
+                  IF NEW IS NOT DISTINCT FROM OLD THEN
+              RAISE NOTICE  'table %s: id=%  objet sans modification, aucune opération réalisée!', TG_TABLE_NAME,OLD.ID; 
+                    RETURN NULL;
+                END IF;
+                -- le changement d'id ne doit pas arriver, au cas où on renvoie une exception
+                IF NEW.ID IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.ID  THEN
+                    RAISE EXCEPTION 'table %s: update sur le champ id de l''objet %s non valide',TG_TABLE_NAME, OLD.ID USING ERRCODE = '09000';
+                END IF;
+            -- le changement du champ date_validity n'est pas autorisé à ce niveau, et ne doit être réalisé que par le trigger, on renvoie une exception
+                IF NEW.range_validity IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.range_validity OR upper(NEW.range_validity) IS NOT NULL  THEN
+                    RAISE EXCEPTION 'table %s: operation update sur le champ range_validity (valeur upper=%) de l''objet %s non autorisé',TG_TABLE_NAME,NEW.range_validity, OLD.ID USING ERRCODE = '09000';
+                END IF;
+                --IF upper(NEW.range_validity) is NOT NULL THEN
+              --RAISE NOTICE  'table %s: id=%  cas non prévu!', TG_TABLE_NAME,OLD.ID; 										
+                    --RETURN NULL;
+                --END IF;
+                OLD.range_validity = tstzrange(lower(OLD.range_validity),current_timestamp);
+            NEW.range_validity = tstzrange(current_timestamp,NULL);
+          
+                EXECUTE format('INSERT INTO '|| TG_TABLE_SCHEMA  ||'.' || TG_TABLE_NAME || '_h VALUES ($1.*)') USING OLD;
+              RETURN NEW;
+            ELSEIF (TG_OP = 'DELETE') THEN -- c'est un update sans enregistrement dans l'historique ne doit pas declencher une recursion du trigger
+            IF upper(OLD.range_validity) IS NOT NULL THEN -- objet avec date fin de validité anciennement présente, on ne fait rien
+              RAISE NOTICE  'table %s: id=%  date de fin de validité déjà présente, aucune opération réalisée!', TG_TABLE_NAME,OLD.ID; 
+              RETURN NULL;
+            END IF;
+          
+                EXECUTE format('UPDATE %I.%I SET range_validity=tstzrange(lower(range_validity),current_timestamp) WHERE id=%L;',
+            TG_TABLE_SCHEMA,TG_TABLE_NAME,OLD.ID );
+                RETURN NULL;
+            ELSE
+                RETURN NEW;
+            END IF;
+        END
+        $BODY$;
+        
+        -----------------TRIGGERS-------------------------------------------
+        --exclusion du champ date_validity pour eviter appels recursifs, ajout du champ id -à priori inutile -mais pour contrôle supplémentaire
+        --address
+        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_adress  ON ban.address ;
+        CREATE TRIGGER ban_9trigger_histo_on_adress BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE
+        OF id, "mainCommonToponymID","secondaryCommonToponymIDs","districtID","number",suffix,labels,certified,positions,"updateDate",meta
+        ON ban.address FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE public.historisation();
+        --common_toponym
+        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_ct ON ban.common_toponym;
+        CREATE TRIGGER ban_9trigger_histo_on_ct BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE
+        OF id, "districtID",labels,geometry,"updateDate",meta
+        ON ban.common_toponym FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE public.historisation();
+        --district
+        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_district ON ban.district;
+        CREATE TRIGGER ban_9trigger_histo_on_district BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE
+        OF id, labels,"updateDate",config,meta
+        ON ban.district FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE public.historisation();
+      `)
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(error)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/db-migrations/migrations/20240404134334-add-range-validity-and-is-active.cjs b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404134334-add-range-validity-and-is-active.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ddaa0e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404134334-add-range-validity-and-is-active.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+'use strict'
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+  async up(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+    // Add range_validity and isActive columns on address table
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ADD range_validity tstzrange DEFAULT tstzrange(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ADD "isActive" boolean DEFAULT true;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ALTER COLUMN "isActive" SET NOT NULL;
+      `)
+
+      // Add range_validity and isActive columns on common_toponym table
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ADD range_validity tstzrange DEFAULT tstzrange(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ADD "isActive" boolean DEFAULT true;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ALTER COLUMN "isActive" SET NOT NULL;
+      `)
+
+      // Add range_validity and isActive columns on district table
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ADD range_validity tstzrange DEFAULT tstzrange(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ADD "isActive" boolean DEFAULT true;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ALTER COLUMN "isActive" SET NOT NULL;
+      `)
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(error)
+    }
+  },
+
+  async down(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address DROP COLUMN range_validity;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address DROP COLUMN "isActive";
+      `)
+
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym DROP COLUMN range_validity;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym DROP COLUMN "isActive";
+      `)
+
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district DROP COLUMN range_validity;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district DROP COLUMN "isActive";
+      `)
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(error)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/db-migrations/migrations/20240404140053-clear-delete-right.cjs b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404140053-clear-delete-right.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20a135c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404140053-clear-delete-right.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict'
+
+require('dotenv').config()
+
+const {POSTGRES_BAN_USER} = process.env
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+  async up(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`REVOKE DELETE ON ban.address FROM "${POSTGRES_BAN_USER}"`)
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`REVOKE DELETE ON ban.common_toponym FROM "${POSTGRES_BAN_USER}"`)
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`REVOKE DELETE ON ban.district FROM "${POSTGRES_BAN_USER}"`)
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.log(error)
+    }
+  },
+
+  async down(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`GRANT DELETE ON ban.address TO "${POSTGRES_BAN_USER}"`)
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`GRANT DELETE ON ban.common_toponym TO "${POSTGRES_BAN_USER}"`)
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`GRANT DELETE ON ban.district TO "${POSTGRES_BAN_USER}"`)
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.log(error)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/db-migrations/migrations/20240404142921-rebuild-historic-tables.cjs b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404142921-rebuild-historic-tables.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5c1361e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404142921-rebuild-historic-tables.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+'use strict'
+
+require('dotenv').config()
+
+const {POSTGRES_BAN_USER} = process.env
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+  async up(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+      // Add btree_gist extension used for creating exclusion constraints using GiST indexes on range types
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS btree_gist;')
+
+      // Create address_h historic table
+      // the adresse_h_id_range_validity_excl constraint ensures that no two rows have the same id value and overlapping range_validity ranges.
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        CREATE TABLE ban.address_h (LIKE ban.address);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address_h ADD CONSTRAINT adresse_h_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (id)
+          REFERENCES ban.address (id) MATCH SIMPLE
+          ON UPDATE NO ACTION
+          ON DELETE NO ACTION;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address_h ADD CONSTRAINT adresse_h_id_range_validity_excl EXCLUDE USING gist (
+          id WITH =,
+          range_validity WITH &&);
+        CREATE INDEX ON  ban.address_h (id);
+        CREATE INDEX ON ban.address_h USING GIST (range_validity);
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.address_h ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.address_h ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      // Create common_toponym_h historic table
+      // the common_toponym_h_id_range_validity_excl constraint ensures that no two rows have the same id value and overlapping range_validity ranges.
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        CREATE TABLE ban.common_toponym_h (LIKE ban.common_toponym);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym_h ADD CONSTRAINT common_toponym_h_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (id)
+          REFERENCES ban.common_toponym (id) MATCH SIMPLE
+          ON UPDATE NO ACTION
+          ON DELETE NO ACTION;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym_h ADD CONSTRAINT common_toponym_h_id_range_validity_excl EXCLUDE USING gist (
+          id WITH =,
+          range_validity WITH &&);
+        CREATE INDEX ON  ban.common_toponym_h (id);
+        CREATE INDEX ON ban.common_toponym_h USING GIST (range_validity);
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.common_toponym_h ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.common_toponym_h ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      // Create district_h historic table
+      // the district_h_id_range_validity_excl constraint ensures that no two rows have the same id value and overlapping range_validity ranges.
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        CREATE TABLE ban.district_h (LIKE ban.district);
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district_h ADD CONSTRAINT district_h_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY (id)
+          REFERENCES ban.district (id) MATCH SIMPLE
+          ON UPDATE NO ACTION
+          ON DELETE NO ACTION;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district_h ADD CONSTRAINT district_h_id_range_validity_excl EXCLUDE USING gist (
+          id WITH =,
+          range_validity WITH &&);
+        CREATE INDEX ON  ban.district_h (id);
+        CREATE INDEX ON ban.district_h USING GIST (range_validity);
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.district_h ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE  ban.district_h ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+      // Grant permissions to ban user
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON TABLE ban.address_h, ban.common_toponym_h, ban.district_h TO "${POSTGRES_BAN_USER}";`)
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.log(error)
+    }
+  },
+
+  async down(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+      // Drop historic tables
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ban.address_h;')
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ban.common_toponym_h;')
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ban.district_h;')
+
+      // Drop btree_gist extension
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS btree_gist;')
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.log(error)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/db-migrations/migrations/20240404142956-rebuild-historic-trigger.cjs b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404142956-rebuild-historic-trigger.cjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8cdcdceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db-migrations/migrations/20240404142956-rebuild-historic-trigger.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+'use strict'
+
+/** @type {import('sequelize-cli').Migration} */
+module.exports = {
+  async up(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ALTER COLUMN range_validity DROP DEFAULT;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ALTER COLUMN range_validity DROP DEFAULT;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ALTER COLUMN range_validity DROP DEFAULT;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ADD CONSTRAINT range_validity CHECK(ISEMPTY(range_validity)IS False);
+      `)
+
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        --@version 0.02, 2024-02-26
+        --@author  IGN
+        ------------------ FONCTION TRIGGER-----------------------------------------------------
+        CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.historisation()
+            RETURNS trigger
+            LANGUAGE 'plpgsql'
+        
+        AS $BODY$
+        
+            BEGIN
+                IF (TG_OP = 'INSERT') THEN
+                    NEW.range_validity =  tstzrange(current_timestamp::timestamp,NULL);
+                    RETURN NEW;
+                ELSEIF (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') THEN
+                    --s'il n'y a pas de changement, pas d'update et pas d'action dans l'historique, on interrompt l'action du trigger--
+                    IF NEW IS NOT DISTINCT FROM OLD THEN
+                        RAISE NOTICE  'table %s: id=%  objet sans modification, aucune opération réalisée!', TG_TABLE_NAME,OLD.ID; 
+                        RETURN NULL;
+                    END IF;
+                    -- le changement d'id ne doit pas arriver, au cas où, on renvoie une exception
+                    IF NEW.ID IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.ID  THEN
+                        RAISE EXCEPTION 'table %s: update sur le champ id de l''objet %s non valide',TG_TABLE_NAME, OLD.ID USING ERRCODE = '09000';
+                    END IF;
+                    -- le changement du champ range_validity n'est pas autorisé à ce niveau et ne doit être réalisé que par le trigger, on renvoie une exception
+                    IF NEW.range_validity IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.range_validity OR upper(NEW.range_validity) IS NOT NULL  THEN
+                        RAISE EXCEPTION 'table %s: opération update sur le champ range_validity (valeur upper=%) de l''objet %s non autorisé',TG_TABLE_NAME,NEW.range_validity, OLD.ID USING ERRCODE = '09000';
+                    END IF;
+                    OLD.range_validity = tstzrange(lower(OLD.range_validity),current_timestamp);
+                    NEW.range_validity = tstzrange(current_timestamp,NULL);
+              
+                    EXECUTE format('INSERT INTO '|| TG_TABLE_SCHEMA  ||'.' || TG_TABLE_NAME || '_h VALUES ($1.*)') USING OLD;
+                    RETURN NEW;
+                ELSE
+                    RETURN NEW;
+                END IF;
+            END
+        $BODY$;
+        -----------------TRIGGERS-------------------------------------------
+        --exclusion du champ range_validity pour éviter des appels récursifs, ajout du champ id -à priori inutile -mais pour contrôle supplémentaire
+        --address
+        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_adress  ON ban.address ;
+        CREATE TRIGGER ban_9trigger_histo_on_adress BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE
+        OF id, "mainCommonToponymID","secondaryCommonToponymIDs","districtID","number",suffix,labels,certified,positions,"updateDate",meta,"isActive"
+        ON ban.address FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE public.historisation();
+        --common_toponym
+        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_ct ON ban.common_toponym;
+        CREATE TRIGGER ban_9trigger_histo_on_ct BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE
+        OF id, "districtID",labels,geometry,"updateDate",meta,"isActive"
+        ON ban.common_toponym FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE public.historisation();
+        --district
+        DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_district ON ban.district;
+        CREATE TRIGGER ban_9trigger_histo_on_district BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE
+        OF id, labels,"updateDate",config,meta,"isActive"
+        ON ban.district FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE public.historisation();
+      `)
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.log(error)
+    }
+  },
+
+  async down(queryInterface) {
+    try {
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_adress  ON ban.address;')
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_ct ON ban.common_toponym;')
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS ban_9trigger_histo_on_district ON ban.district;')
+
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address DROP CONSTRAINT range_validity;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ALTER COLUMN range_validity DROP NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.address ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET DEFAULT tstzrange(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL);
+      `)
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym DROP CONSTRAINT range_validity;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ALTER COLUMN range_validity DROP NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.common_toponym ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET DEFAULT tstzrange(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL);
+      `)
+      await queryInterface.sequelize.query(`
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district DROP CONSTRAINT range_validity;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ALTER COLUMN range_validity DROP NOT NULL;
+        ALTER TABLE ban.district ALTER COLUMN range_validity SET DEFAULT tstzrange(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,NULL);
+      `)
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.log(error)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/api/address/__mocks__/address-data-mock.js b/lib/api/address/__mocks__/address-data-mock.js
index 20df6553..a1984824 100644
--- a/lib/api/address/__mocks__/address-data-mock.js
+++ b/lib/api/address/__mocks__/address-data-mock.js
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ export const bddAddressMock = [
       idfix: {
         hash: 'd80b0d6020798ff15e8d5416911201aa'
       }
-    }
+    },
+    isActive: true
   },
   {
     id: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-00000000002b',
@@ -124,7 +125,8 @@ export const bddAddressMock = [
       idfix: {
         hash: '2ce8a4621b2843043725992ab2a61acc'
       }
-    }
+    },
+    isActive: true
   },
   {
     id: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-00000000002c',
@@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ export const bddAddressMock = [
       idfix: {
         hash: 'be796e420febda49c29e38745db3cae2'
       }
-    }
+    },
+    isActive: true
   }
 ]
diff --git a/lib/api/address/__mocks__/address-models.js b/lib/api/address/__mocks__/address-models.js
index d8a4035f..cc160c67 100644
--- a/lib/api/address/__mocks__/address-models.js
+++ b/lib/api/address/__mocks__/address-models.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ export async function getAddresses(addressIDs) {
 }
 
 export async function getAllAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrict(districtID) {
-  return bddAddressMock.filter(({districtID: districtIDAddress}) => districtIDAddress === districtID).map(({id, meta}) => ({id, hash: meta?.idfix?.hash}))
+  return bddAddressMock.filter(({districtID: districtIDAddress}) => districtIDAddress === districtID).map(({id, meta, isActive}) => ({id, hash: meta?.idfix?.hash, isActive}))
 }
 
 export async function getAllAddressIDsOutsideDistrict(addressIDs, districtID) {
diff --git a/lib/api/address/models.js b/lib/api/address/models.js
index 6ea0c77c..f7c90e49 100644
--- a/lib/api/address/models.js
+++ b/lib/api/address/models.js
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ export const getAddress = addressID => Address.findByPk(addressID, {raw: true})
 export const getAddresses = addressIDs => Address.findAll({where: {id: addressIDs}, raw: true})
 
 export const getAllAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrict = async districtID => {
-  const addresses = await Address.findAll({where: {districtID}, attributes: ['id', 'meta'], raw: true})
-  return addresses.map(address => ({id: address.id, hash: address.meta?.idfix?.hash}))
+  const addresses = await Address.findAll({where: {districtID}, attributes: ['id', 'meta', 'isActive'], raw: true})
+  return addresses.map(address => ({id: address.id, hash: address.meta?.idfix?.hash, isActive: address.isActive}))
 }
 
 export const getAllAddressIDsOutsideDistrict = async (addressIDs, districtID) => {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ export const getAllAddressIDsOutsideDistrict = async (addressIDs, districtID) =>
 export const setAddresses = addresses => Address.bulkCreate(addresses)
 
 export const updateAddresses = async addresses => {
-  const bulkOperations = addresses.map(address => Address.update(address, {where: {id: address.id}}))
+  const bulkOperations = addresses.map(address => Address.update({...address, isActive: true}, {where: {id: address.id}}))
   return Promise.all(bulkOperations)
 }
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export const patchAddresses = async addresses => {
     const {meta, ...addressRest} = address
     const addressID = address.id
     const addressDB = await Address.findByPk(addressID)
-    addressDB.set(addressRest)
+    addressDB.set({...addressRest, isActive: true})
     addressDB.meta = {...addressDB.meta, ...meta}
     return addressDB.save()
   })
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ export const patchAddresses = async addresses => {
   return Promise.all(bulkOperations)
 }
 
-export const deleteAddress = addressID => Address.destroy({where: {id: addressID}})
+export const deleteAddress = addressID => Address.update({isActive: false}, {where: {id: addressID}})
 
-export const deleteAddresses = addressIDs => Address.destroy({where: {id: addressIDs}})
+export const deleteAddresses = addressIDs => Address.update({isActive: false}, {where: {id: addressIDs}})
 
 export const getAllDistrictIDsFromAddresses = async addressIDs => {
   const addresses = await Address.findAll({where: {id: addressIDs}, attributes: ['districtID'], raw: true})
diff --git a/lib/api/address/utils.js b/lib/api/address/utils.js
index b0ef3f38..9edf6a95 100644
--- a/lib/api/address/utils.js
+++ b/lib/api/address/utils.js
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ export const checkAddressesRequest = async (addresses, actionType) => {
 export const getDeltaReport = async (addressIDsWithHash, districtID) => {
   const addressIDsWithHashMap = new Map(addressIDsWithHash.map(({id, hash}) => [id, hash]))
   const allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrict = await getAllAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrict(districtID)
-  const allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap = new Map(allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrict.map(({id, hash}) => [id, hash]))
+  const allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap = new Map(allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrict.map(({id, hash, isActive}) => [id, {hash, isActive}]))
 
   let idsToCreate = []
   const idsToUpdate = []
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export const getDeltaReport = async (addressIDsWithHash, districtID) => {
 
   for (const [id, hash] of addressIDsWithHashMap) {
     if (allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.has(id)) {
-      if (allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.get(id) !== hash) {
+      if (allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.get(id).hash !== hash || !allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.get(id).isActive) {
         idsToUpdate.push(id)
       }
     } else {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ export const getDeltaReport = async (addressIDsWithHash, districtID) => {
   }
 
   for (const id of allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.keys()) {
-    if (!addressIDsWithHashMap.has(id)) {
+    if (!addressIDsWithHashMap.has(id) && allAddressIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.get(id).isActive) {
       idsToDelete.push(id)
     }
   }
diff --git a/lib/api/address/utils.spec.js b/lib/api/address/utils.spec.js
index da86be9a..e72a1790 100644
--- a/lib/api/address/utils.spec.js
+++ b/lib/api/address/utils.spec.js
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ describe('checkAddressesRequest', () => {
   })
 
   it('Some unavailable common toponym IDs on update', async () => {
-    const addressesValidation = await checkAddressesRequest(bddAddressMock.map(addr => ({...addr, mainCommonToponymID: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-00000000001d'})), 'update')
+    const addressesValidation = await checkAddressesRequest(bddAddressMock.map(({isActive, ...addrRest}) => ({...addrRest, mainCommonToponymID: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-00000000001d'})), 'update')
     const testSchema = await addressesValidationSchema.isValid(addressesValidation, {strict: true})
     expect(testSchema).toBe(true)
     expect(addressesValidation?.isValid).toBe(false)
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ describe('checkAddressesRequest', () => {
   })
 
   it('Some unavailable district IDs on update', async () => {
-    const addressesValidation = await checkAddressesRequest(bddAddressMock.map(addr => ({...addr, districtID: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-000000000003'})), 'update')
+    const addressesValidation = await checkAddressesRequest(bddAddressMock.map(({isActive, ...addrRest}) => ({...addrRest, districtID: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-000000000003'})), 'update')
     const testSchema = await addressesValidationSchema.isValid(addressesValidation, {strict: true})
     expect(testSchema).toBe(true)
     expect(addressesValidation?.isValid).toBe(false)
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ describe('checkAddressesRequest', () => {
   })
 
   it('Available addresses on update', async () => {
-    const addressesValidation = await checkAddressesRequest(bddAddressMock.map(addr => ({...addr, certified: true})), 'update')
+    const addressesValidation = await checkAddressesRequest(bddAddressMock.map(({isActive, ...addrRest}) => ({...addrRest, certified: true})), 'update')
     const testSchema = await addressesValidationSchema.isValid(addressesValidation, {strict: true})
     expect(testSchema).toBe(true)
     expect(addressesValidation?.isValid).toBe(true)
diff --git a/lib/api/common-toponym/__mocks__/common-toponym-data-mock.js b/lib/api/common-toponym/__mocks__/common-toponym-data-mock.js
index f59a3005..f554f82e 100644
--- a/lib/api/common-toponym/__mocks__/common-toponym-data-mock.js
+++ b/lib/api/common-toponym/__mocks__/common-toponym-data-mock.js
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ export const bddCommonToponymMock = [
       idfix: {
         hash: '1a4ead8b39d17dfe89418452c9bba770'
       }
-    }
+    },
+    isActive: true
   },
   {
     id: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-00000000001b',
@@ -94,7 +95,8 @@ export const bddCommonToponymMock = [
       idfix: {
         hash: 'd80b0d6020798ff15e8d5416911201aa'
       }
-    }
+    },
+    isActive: true
   },
   {
     id: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-00000000001c',
@@ -112,6 +114,7 @@ export const bddCommonToponymMock = [
       idfix: {
         hash: '2ce8a4621b2843043725992ab2a61acc'
       }
-    }
+    },
+    isActive: true
   }
 ]
diff --git a/lib/api/common-toponym/__mocks__/common-toponym-models.js b/lib/api/common-toponym/__mocks__/common-toponym-models.js
index 459fcaa1..cd79b531 100644
--- a/lib/api/common-toponym/__mocks__/common-toponym-models.js
+++ b/lib/api/common-toponym/__mocks__/common-toponym-models.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ export async function getCommonToponyms(commonToponymIDs) {
 }
 
 export async function getAllCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrict(districtID) {
-  return bddCommonToponymMock.filter(({districtID: districtIDCommonToponym}) => districtIDCommonToponym === districtID).map(({id, meta}) => ({id, hash: meta?.idfix?.hash}))
+  return bddCommonToponymMock.filter(({districtID: districtIDCommonToponym}) => districtIDCommonToponym === districtID).map(({id, meta, isActive}) => ({id, hash: meta?.idfix?.hash, isActive}))
 }
 
 export async function getAllCommonToponymIDsOutsideDistrict(commonToponymIDs, districtID) {
diff --git a/lib/api/common-toponym/models.js b/lib/api/common-toponym/models.js
index ce9d91ec..9232df6b 100644
--- a/lib/api/common-toponym/models.js
+++ b/lib/api/common-toponym/models.js
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ export const getCommonToponyms = commonToponymIDs => CommonToponym.findAll({wher
 
 export const getAllCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrict = async districtID => {
   const commonToponyms = await CommonToponym.findAll(
-    {where: {districtID}, attributes: ['id', 'meta'], raw: true}
+    {where: {districtID}, attributes: ['id', 'meta', 'isActive'], raw: true}
   )
-  return commonToponyms.map(commonToponym => ({id: commonToponym.id, hash: commonToponym.meta?.idfix?.hash}))
+  return commonToponyms.map(commonToponym => ({id: commonToponym.id, hash: commonToponym.meta?.idfix?.hash, isActive: commonToponym.isActive}))
 }
 
 export const getAllCommonToponymIDsOutsideDistrict = async (commonToponymIDs, districtID) => {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export const setCommonToponyms = commonToponyms => CommonToponym.bulkCreate(comm
 
 export const updateCommonToponyms = commonToponyms => {
   const bulkOperations = commonToponyms.map(commonToponym =>
-    CommonToponym.update(commonToponym, {where: {id: commonToponym.id}})
+    CommonToponym.update({...commonToponym, isActive: true}, {where: {id: commonToponym.id}})
   )
   return Promise.all(bulkOperations)
 }
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export const patchCommonToponyms = async commonToponyms => {
     const {meta, ...commonToponymRest} = commonToponym
     const commonToponymID = commonToponym.id
     const commonToponymDB = await CommonToponym.findByPk(commonToponymID)
-    commonToponymDB.set(commonToponymRest)
+    commonToponymDB.set({...commonToponymRest, isActive: true})
     commonToponymDB.meta = {...commonToponymDB.meta, ...meta}
     return commonToponymDB.save()
   })
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ export const patchCommonToponyms = async commonToponyms => {
   return Promise.all(bulkOperations)
 }
 
-export const deleteCommonToponym = commonToponymID => CommonToponym.destroy({where: {id: commonToponymID}})
+export const deleteCommonToponym = commonToponymID => CommonToponym.update({isActive: false}, {where: {id: commonToponymID}})
 
-export const deleteCommonToponyms = commonToponymIDs => CommonToponym.destroy({where: {id: commonToponymIDs}})
+export const deleteCommonToponyms = commonToponymIDs => CommonToponym.update({isActive: false}, {where: {id: commonToponymIDs}})
 
 export const getAllDistrictIDsFromCommonToponyms = async commonToponymIDs => {
   const commonToponyms = await CommonToponym.findAll({where: {id: commonToponymIDs}, attributes: ['districtID'], raw: true})
diff --git a/lib/api/common-toponym/utils.js b/lib/api/common-toponym/utils.js
index b5038688..58f9003d 100644
--- a/lib/api/common-toponym/utils.js
+++ b/lib/api/common-toponym/utils.js
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ export const checkCommonToponymsRequest = async (commonToponyms, actionType) =>
 export const getDeltaReport = async (commonToponymIDsWithHash, districtID) => {
   const commonToponymIDsWithHashMap = new Map(commonToponymIDsWithHash.map(({id, hash}) => [id, hash]))
   const allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrict = await getAllCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrict(districtID)
-  const allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap = new Map(allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrict.map(({id, hash}) => [id, hash]))
+  const allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap = new Map(allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrict.map(({id, hash, isActive}) => [id, {hash, isActive}]))
 
   let idsToCreate = []
   const idsToUpdate = []
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ export const getDeltaReport = async (commonToponymIDsWithHash, districtID) => {
 
   for (const [id, hash] of commonToponymIDsWithHashMap) {
     if (allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.has(id)) {
-      if (allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.get(id) !== hash) {
+      if (allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.get(id).hash !== hash || !allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.get(id).isActive) {
         idsToUpdate.push(id)
       }
     } else {
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export const getDeltaReport = async (commonToponymIDsWithHash, districtID) => {
   }
 
   for (const id of allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.keys()) {
-    if (!commonToponymIDsWithHashMap.has(id)) {
+    if (!commonToponymIDsWithHashMap.has(id) && allCommonToponymIDsWithHashFromDistrictMap.get(id).isActive) {
       idsToDelete.push(id)
     }
   }
diff --git a/lib/api/common-toponym/utils.spec.js b/lib/api/common-toponym/utils.spec.js
index 4e68528e..1e8e2b09 100644
--- a/lib/api/common-toponym/utils.spec.js
+++ b/lib/api/common-toponym/utils.spec.js
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ describe('checkCommonToponymsRequest', () => {
   })
 
   it('Some unavailable district IDs on update', async () => {
-    const commonToponymsValidation = await checkCommonToponymsRequest(bddCommonToponymMock.map(commonToponym => ({...commonToponym, districtID: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-000000000003'})), 'update')
+    const commonToponymsValidation = await checkCommonToponymsRequest(bddCommonToponymMock.map(({isActive, ...commonToponymRest}) => ({...commonToponymRest, districtID: '00000000-0000-4fff-9fff-000000000003'})), 'update')
     const testSchema = await commonToponymsValidationSchema.isValid(commonToponymsValidation, {strict: true})
     expect(testSchema).toBe(true)
     expect(commonToponymsValidation?.isValid).toBe(false)
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ describe('checkCommonToponymsRequest', () => {
   })
 
   it('Available commonToponyms on update', async () => {
-    const commonToponymsValidation = await checkCommonToponymsRequest(bddCommonToponymMock.map(commonToponym => ({...commonToponym, labels: [{isoCode: 'fra', value: 'Rue de la mouette'}]})), 'update')
+    const commonToponymsValidation = await checkCommonToponymsRequest(bddCommonToponymMock.map(({isActive, ...commonToponymRest}) => ({...commonToponymRest, labels: [{isoCode: 'fra', value: 'Rue de la mouette'}]})), 'update')
     const testSchema = await commonToponymsValidationSchema.isValid(commonToponymsValidation, {strict: true})
     expect(testSchema).toBe(true)
     expect(commonToponymsValidation?.isValid).toBe(true)
diff --git a/lib/api/consumers/export-to-exploitation-db-consumer.js b/lib/api/consumers/export-to-exploitation-db-consumer.js
index ed300a7d..f79ef523 100644
--- a/lib/api/consumers/export-to-exploitation-db-consumer.js
+++ b/lib/api/consumers/export-to-exploitation-db-consumer.js
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ const EXPLOITATION_DB_COLLECTION_NAMES = {
 
 const commonToponymPageQuery = `
   SELECT
-    CT.id, CT."districtID", CT.labels, CT.geometry, CT."updateDate", CT.meta, CT.range_validity,
+    CT.id, CT."districtID", CT.labels, CT.geometry, CT."updateDate", CT.meta, CT.range_validity, CT."isActive",
     ST_Centroid(ST_Collect(ST_SetSRID(ST_GeomFromGeoJSON((A.positions[1])->'geometry'), 4326))) AS centroid,
     ST_Transform(ST_Buffer(ST_Transform(ST_Envelope(ST_Collect(ST_SetSRID(ST_GeomFromGeoJSON((A.positions[1])->'geometry'), 4326))), 2154), :addressBboxBuffer, 'join=mitre endcap=square'), 4326) AS "addressBbox",
     ST_Transform(ST_Buffer(ST_Transform(ST_Envelope(ST_SetSRID(ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(CT.geometry), 4326)), 2154), :bboxBuffer, 'join=mitre endcap=square'), 4326) AS "bbox",
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ const commonToponymPageQuery = `
   LEFT JOIN
     ban.address AS A
   ON
-    CT.id = A."mainCommonToponymID"
-    OR CT.id = ANY(A."secondaryCommonToponymIDs")
-  WHERE CT."districtID" = :districtID
+    (CT.id = A."mainCommonToponymID"
+    OR CT.id = ANY(A."secondaryCommonToponymIDs")) AND A."isActive" = true
+  WHERE CT."districtID" = :districtID AND CT."isActive" = true
   GROUP BY CT.id
   ORDER BY CT.id ASC
   OFFSET :offset
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ const addressPageQuery = `
     ST_Transform(ST_Buffer(ST_Transform(ST_Envelope(ST_SetSRID(ST_GeomFromGeoJSON((A.positions[1])->'geometry'), 4326)), 2154), :bboxBuffer, 'join=mitre endcap=square'), 4326) AS bbox
   FROM
     ban.address AS A
-  WHERE A."districtID" = :districtID
+  WHERE A."districtID" = :districtID AND A."isActive" = true
   ORDER BY A.id ASC
   OFFSET :offset
   LIMIT :limit
@@ -137,7 +137,10 @@ export default async function exportToExploitationDB({data}) {
     // CommonToponym
     // Count the total number of common toponyms and pages to process
     const totalCommonToponymRecords = await CommonToponym.count({
-      where: {districtID},
+      where: {
+        districtID,
+        isActive: true
+      },
       transaction,
     })
 
@@ -175,7 +178,10 @@ export default async function exportToExploitationDB({data}) {
     // Address
     // Count the total number of addresses and pages to process
     const totalAddressRecords = await Address.count({
-      where: {districtID},
+      where: {
+        districtID,
+        isActive: true
+      },
       transaction,
     })
     const totalAddressPages = Math.ceil(totalAddressRecords / PAGE_SIZE)
diff --git a/lib/api/district/models.js b/lib/api/district/models.js
index b65a58e9..d1364446 100644
--- a/lib/api/district/models.js
+++ b/lib/api/district/models.js
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export const getDistrictsFromCog = cog => District.findAll({where: {meta: {insee
 export const setDistricts = districts => District.bulkCreate(districts)
 
 export const updateDistricts = districts => {
-  const promises = districts.map(district => District.update(district, {where: {id: district.id}}))
+  const promises = districts.map(district => District.update({...district, isActive: true}, {where: {id: district.id}}))
   return Promise.all(promises)
 }
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export const patchDistricts = async districts => {
     const {meta, ...districtRest} = district
     const districtID = district.id
     const districtDB = await District.findByPk(districtID)
-    districtDB.set(districtRest)
+    districtDB.set({...districtRest, isActive: true})
     districtDB.meta = {...districtDB.meta, ...meta}
     return districtDB.save()
   })
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ export const patchDistricts = async districts => {
   return Promise.all(bulkOperations)
 }
 
-export const deleteDistrict = districtID => District.destroy({where: {id: districtID}})
+export const deleteDistrict = districtID => District.update({isActive: false}, {where: {id: districtID}})
 
-export const deleteDistricts = districtIDs => District.destroy({where: {id: districtIDs}})
+export const deleteDistricts = districtIDs => District.update({isActive: false}, {where: {id: districtIDs}})
diff --git a/lib/util/sequelize.js b/lib/util/sequelize.js
index b688ea27..b65eb6e8 100644
--- a/lib/util/sequelize.js
+++ b/lib/util/sequelize.js
@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ export const District = sequelize.define('District', {
     type: DataTypes.RANGE(DataTypes.DATE),
     allowNull: false,
   },
+  isActive: {
+    type: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
+    allowNull: false,
+    defaultValue: true,
+  },
 }, {
   schema: 'ban',
   tableName: 'district',
@@ -77,12 +82,12 @@ export const CommonToponym = sequelize.define('CommonToponym', {
     type: DataTypes.RANGE(DataTypes.DATE),
     allowNull: false,
   },
+  isActive: {
+    type: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
+    allowNull: false,
+    defaultValue: true,
+  },
 }, {
-  indexes: [
-    {
-      fields: ['districtID'],
-    }
-  ],
   schema: 'ban',
   tableName: 'common_toponym',
   timestamps: false
@@ -145,21 +150,12 @@ export const Address = sequelize.define('Address', {
     type: DataTypes.RANGE(DataTypes.DATE),
     allowNull: false,
   },
+  isActive: {
+    type: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
+    allowNull: false,
+    defaultValue: true,
+  },
 }, {
-  indexes: [
-    {
-      fields: ['mainCommonToponymID'],
-    },
-    {
-      fields: ['secondaryCommonToponymIDs'],
-    },
-    {
-      fields: ['districtID'],
-    },
-    {
-      fields: ['certified'],
-    },
-  ],
   schema: 'ban',
   tableName: 'address',
   timestamps: false