diff --git a/specs/SubtreeValidationSpec.ts b/specs/SubtreeValidationSpec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..acedaf05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specs/SubtreeValidationSpec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+import { Schema } from "3d-tiles-tools";
+
+import { readJsonUnchecked } from "../src/base/readJsonUnchecked";
+
+import { Validators } from "../src/validation/Validators";
+import { ValidatedElement } from "../src/validation/ValidatedElement";
+import { ValidationResult } from "../src/validation/ValidationResult";
+
+/**
+ * Validate the specified subtree file from the `specs/data/subtrees`
+ * directory.
+ * 
+ * Note that in order to validate a subtree file, the validator requires
+ * additional data elements. Namely, the `TileImplicitTiling` that 
+ * defines the structure of the subtree, and a `Schema` (if the
+ * subtree contains metadata).
+ * 
+ * This function will load this data from the additional files in
+ * the `specs/data/` directory that define the same structure for
+ * all subtree spec files.
+ * 
+ * @param fileName - The subtree file name
+ * @returns A promise to the `ValidationResult`
+ */
+async function validateSpecSubtreeFile(fileName: string): Promise<ValidationResult> {
+  // The schema for the subtrees in the specs directory
+  const specSchema: Schema = await readJsonUnchecked(
+    "specs/data/schemas/validSchema.json"
+  );
+  const specSchemaState: ValidatedElement<Schema> = {
+    wasPresent: true,
+    validatedElement: specSchema,
+  };
+
+  // The `TileImplicitTiling` object that defines the
+  // structure of subtrees in the specs directory
+  const specImplicitTiling = await readJsonUnchecked(
+    "specs/data/subtrees/validSubtreeImplicitTiling.json.input"
+  );
+
+  const validationResult = await Validators.validateSubtreeFile(
+    fileName,
+    specSchemaState,
+    specImplicitTiling
+  );
+  return validationResult;
+}
+
+
+describe("Subtree validation", function () {
+  it("detects issues in binarySubtreeComputedLengthInvalid", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/binarySubtreeComputedLengthInvalid.subtree"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("BINARY_INVALID_LENGTH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in binarySubtreeInvalidBinaryByteLengthAlignment", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/binarySubtreeInvalidBinaryByteLengthAlignment.subtree"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("BINARY_INVALID_ALIGNMENT");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in binarySubtreeInvalidJsonByteLengthAlignment", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/binarySubtreeInvalidJsonByteLengthAlignment.subtree"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("BINARY_INVALID_ALIGNMENT");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in binarySubtreeInvalidMagic", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/binarySubtreeInvalidMagic.subtree"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("IO_ERROR");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in binarySubtreeInvalidVersion", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/binarySubtreeInvalidVersion.subtree"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("BINARY_INVALID_VALUE");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in binarySubtreeJsonInvalid", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/binarySubtreeJsonInvalid.subtree"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("JSON_PARSE_ERROR");
+  });
+
+  it("detects no issues in binarySubtreeValid", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/binarySubtreeValid.subtree"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(0);
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeBufferViewsWithoutBuffers", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeBufferViewsWithoutBuffers.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("BUFFER_VIEWS_WITHOUT_BUFFERS");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeChildSubtreeAvailabilityInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeChildSubtreeAvailabilityInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeChildSubtreeAvailabilityMissing", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeChildSubtreeAvailabilityMissing.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("PROPERTY_MISSING");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeContentAvailabilityInvalidLength", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeContentAvailabilityInvalidLength.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("ARRAY_LENGTH_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeContentAvailabilityInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeContentAvailabilityInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeContentMetadataArrayElementInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeContentMetadataArrayElementInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("ARRAY_ELEMENT_TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeContentMetadataArrayElementInvalidValueA", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeContentMetadataArrayElementInvalidValueA.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeContentMetadataArrayElementInvalidValueB", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeContentMetadataArrayElementInvalidValueB.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("VALUE_NOT_IN_RANGE");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeContentMetadataInvalidLength", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeContentMetadataInvalidLength.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("ARRAY_LENGTH_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeContentMetadataInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeContentMetadataInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeContentMetadataWithoutPropertyTables", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeContentMetadataWithoutPropertyTables.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("REQUIRED_VALUE_NOT_FOUND");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreePropertyTablesElementInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreePropertyTablesElementInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("ARRAY_ELEMENT_TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreePropertyTablesInvalidLength", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreePropertyTablesInvalidLength.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("ARRAY_LENGTH_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreePropertyTablesInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreePropertyTablesInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityAvailableCountInvalid", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityAvailableCountInvalid.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("SUBTREE_AVAILABILITY_INCONSISTENT");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityAvailableCountMismatch", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityAvailableCountMismatch.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("SUBTREE_AVAILABILITY_INCONSISTENT");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamAndConstant", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamAndConstant.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("ONE_OF_ERROR");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamInvalidValueA", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamInvalidValueA.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamInvalidValueB", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamInvalidValueB.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("VALUE_NOT_IN_RANGE");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamInvalidValueC", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamInvalidValueC.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("VALUE_NOT_IN_RANGE");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamLengthTooLarge", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamLengthTooLarge.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("SUBTREE_AVAILABILITY_INCONSISTENT");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamLengthTooSmall", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityBitstreamLengthTooSmall.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("SUBTREE_AVAILABILITY_INCONSISTENT");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityConstantInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityConstantInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("VALUE_NOT_IN_LIST");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityConstantInvalidValue", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityConstantInvalidValue.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("VALUE_NOT_IN_LIST");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityForParentMissingForAvailableTile", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityForParentMissingForAvailableTile.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("SUBTREE_AVAILABILITY_INCONSISTENT");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityMissing", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityMissing.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("PROPERTY_MISSING");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityMissingForAvailableContent", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityMissingForAvailableContent.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("SUBTREE_AVAILABILITY_INCONSISTENT");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileAvailabilityNeitherBitstreamNorConstant", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileAvailabilityNeitherBitstreamNorConstant.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("ANY_OF_ERROR");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileMetadataInvalidType", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileMetadataInvalidType.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileMetadataInvalidValueA", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileMetadataInvalidValueA.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("TYPE_MISMATCH");
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in subtreeTileMetadataInvalidValueB", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/subtreeTileMetadataInvalidValueB.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("VALUE_NOT_IN_RANGE");
+  });
+
+  it("detects no issues in validSubtree", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/validSubtree.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(0);
+  });
+
+  it("detects issues in validSubtreeBuffersWithoutBufferViews", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/validSubtreeBuffersWithoutBufferViews.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(1);
+    expect(result.get(0).type).toEqual("BUFFERS_WITHOUT_BUFFER_VIEWS");
+  });
+
+  it("detects no issues in validSubtreeNoBuffers", async function () {
+    const result = await validateSpecSubtreeFile(
+      "specs/data/subtrees/validSubtreeNoBuffers.json"
+    );
+    expect(result.length).toEqual(0);
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/specs/data/subtrees/subtreeBufferViewsWithoutBuffers.json b/specs/data/subtrees/subtreeBufferViewsWithoutBuffers.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26b8a864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specs/data/subtrees/subtreeBufferViewsWithoutBuffers.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "bufferViews": [
+    { "buffer": 0, "byteOffset": 0, "byteLength": 3 },
+    { "buffer": 0, "byteOffset": 8, "byteLength": 8 }
+  ],
+  "tileAvailability": { "bitstream": 0, "availableCount": 7 },
+  "contentAvailability": [{ "availableCount": 0, "constant": 0 }],
+  "childSubtreeAvailability": { "bitstream": 1, "availableCount": 8 }
+}
diff --git a/specs/data/subtrees/validSubtreeBuffersWithoutBufferViews.json b/specs/data/subtrees/validSubtreeBuffersWithoutBufferViews.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5d9f4f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specs/data/subtrees/validSubtreeBuffersWithoutBufferViews.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "buffers": [{ "uri": "validBuffer.bin", "byteLength": 16 }],
+  "tileAvailability": { "constant": 1 },
+  "contentAvailability": [{ "constant": 1 }],
+  "childSubtreeAvailability": { "constant": 0 }
+}
diff --git a/specs/data/subtrees/validSubtreeNoBuffers.json b/specs/data/subtrees/validSubtreeNoBuffers.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9395543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specs/data/subtrees/validSubtreeNoBuffers.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "tileAvailability": { "constant": 1 },
+  "contentAvailability": [{ "constant": 1 }],
+  "childSubtreeAvailability": { "constant": 0 }
+}