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📘 Conditionals

❓ What are Conditionals?

Conditionals allow a program to make decisions based on certain conditions. Python uses if, elif, and else statements to execute different blocks of code based on Boolean expressions.

  • if is used to check a condition. If the condition is True, the code inside the if block is executed.
  • elif (short for "else if") is used to check multiple conditions after an initial if condition.
  • else is used to define a block of code that runs if none of the previous conditions are met.

🧠 Syntax

if condition1:
    # Code to execute if condition1 is True
elif condition2:
    # Code to execute if condition1 is False and condition2 is True
else:
    # Code to execute if none of the conditions are True
age = 18

if age < 18:
    print("You are a minor.")
elif age == 18:
    print("You just became an adult!")
else:
    print("You are an adult.")

# Output: You just became an adult!

🛠️ How It Works

  • Condition: Each condition is a Boolean expression that evaluates to either True or False.
  • Block of Code: If the condition is True, the block of code under that condition is executed.
  • Indentation: In Python, code blocks are defined by indentation, not curly braces.

Example with multiple conditions:

temperature = 25

if temperature > 30:
    print("It's hot outside!")
elif temperature >= 20:
    print("It's a nice day!")
else:
    print("It's cold outside!")

# Output: It's a nice day!

💡 Nested Conditionals

You can nest conditional statements within each other to check multiple levels of conditions.

x = 10
y = 5

if x > 0:
    if y > 0:
        print("Both x and y are positive.")
    else:
        print("x is positive, but y is not.")
else:
    print("x is not positive.")

# Output: Both x and y are positive.

🧠 Key Considerations

  • Boolean Expressions: Conditions are based on Boolean expressions, which evaluate to True or False.
  • Chaining with elif: You can chain as many elif statements as needed to check multiple conditions.
  • Order Matters: Conditions are checked in the order they appear. Once a condition is True, the corresponding block of code is executed, and the rest are ignored.
  • Indentation: Make sure to maintain consistent indentation for code blocks.

🔄 One-Liner Conditionals

Python allows you to write conditionals in one line for simple conditions. (But I will not going to use it in my code. It's hard to read 🤯)

x = 5
y = 10
print("x is greater than y") if x > y else print("x is less than or equal to y")

# Output: x is less than or equal to y

⬅️ Previous: String Manipulation and Methods

➡️ Next: Loops (for, while)

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