temple_bib_general.json

[
  {"id":"Albana2004","abstract":"Templi e archivi, due tipologie dell’organizzazione e gestione della cultura scritta nella Roma repubblicana, vengono studiati, a partire dal V secolo a.C., attraverso l’esame delle componenti documentarie. In età repubblicana alcuni templi, divenuti sede privilegiata di deposito di atti pubblici, assunsero, per la notevole giacenza documentale, sempre più la fisionomia di archivi. Non tutte le aedes ebbero, per la preziosità dei beni custoditi, uguale rilevanza. Quelle consacrate a divinità, quali Giove, Saturno, Cerere, oggetto di particolare culto e all’apice della gerarchia politeistica, divennero veri e propri archivi di stato. Dall’importanza riconosciuta alla documentazione scritta scaturì, inoltre, l’esigenza di un apparato conservativo razionale, organizzato e gestito da quaestores e aediles, sui quali ricadeva la responsabilità di una corretta fruizione. L’ampliamento territoriale di Roma ed il diversificarsi dei rapporti internazionali portarono, in età imperiale, ad una evoluzione dei sistemi di conservazione e trasmissione della memoria: gli archivi assunsero, infatti, nuove e ben diverse connotazioni.","author":[{"family":"Albana","given":"Mela"}],"citation-key":"Albana2004","container-title":"Annali della facoltà di Scienze della formazione","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"language":"it-IT","title":"I luoghi della memoria a Roma in età repubblicana: templi e archivi","type":"article-journal","volume":"3"},
  {"id":"Barletta1990","abstract":"Of the regional styles in Archaic Doric architecture, that identified in the Achaian colonies of South Italy has received particular attention. One of its distinctive elements, a capital with leaf necking, recalls Mycenaean decoration. This evidence, along with the presence of several characteristics of the style (including the capital with leaf necking, the prostyle plan, and the half-column) in the Peloponnesos, has led to the suggestion of origins in early Peloponnesian architecture. A more complete examination of the geographical distribution and chronology of the various elements of this style, however, demonstrates its adoption over a widespread area surrounding the Ionian Sea and its appearance in the Northwest and West earlier than in the Peloponnesos.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",2,25]]},"author":[{"family":"Barletta","given":"Barbara A."}],"citation-key":"Barletta1990","container-title":"American Journal of Archaeology","container-title-short":"AJA","DOI":"10.2307/505525","ISSN":"0002-9114","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["1990"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"45-72","publisher":"Archaeological Institute of America","source":"JSTOR","title":"An \"Ionian Sea\" style in archaic Doric architecture","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/505525","volume":"94"},
  {"id":"Barresi1990-1","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",7,7]]},"author":[{"family":"Barresi","given":"Paolo"}],"citation-key":"Barresi1990-1","container-title":"Archeologia classica","ISSN":"0391-8165","issued":{"date-parts":[["1990"]]},"language":"it-IT","page":"251-285","publisher":"L’Erma di Bretschneider","source":"JSTOR","title":"Schemi geometrici nei templi dell'italia centrale","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/44367381","volume":"42"},
  {"id":"BelelliMarchesini1997","author":[{"family":"Belelli Marchesini","given":"Barbara"}],"citation-key":"BelelliMarchesini1997","collection-number":"5","container-title":"Enciclopedia dell'arte antica, classica e orientale, secondo supplemento","editor":[{"family":"Pugliese Carratelli","given":"Giovanni"}],"event-place":"Roma","issued":{"date-parts":[["1997"]]},"language":"it-IT","note":"OCLC: 38864844","page":"628-638","publisher":"Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana","publisher-place":"Roma","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Tempio: Etruria","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"Berve1961","author":[{"family":"Berve","given":"Helmut"},{"family":"Gruben","given":"Gottfried"},{"family":"Hirmer","given":"Max"}],"citation-key":"Berve1961","event-place":"München","issued":{"date-parts":[["1961"]]},"language":"de-DE","number-of-pages":"283","publisher":"Hirmer Verlag","publisher-place":"München","source":"DAI-Zenon","title":"Griechische Tempel und Heiligtümer","type":"book"},
  {"id":"Bina2010","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",5,5]]},"author":[{"family":"Bina","given":"Tatiana"}],"citation-key":"Bina2010","container-title":"Bollettino di archeologia on line","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"fr-FR","page":"33-38","title":"La place des temples gallo-romains dans l’espace urbain","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://bollettinodiarcheologiaonline.beniculturali.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/6_BINA.pdf","volume":"1"},
  {"id":"Burkert1988","author":[{"family":"Burkert","given":"Walter"}],"call-number":"BL586 .T465 1988","citation-key":"Burkert1988","container-title":"Temple in society","editor":[{"family":"Fox","given":"Michael V."}],"event-place":"Winona Lake","ISBN":"978-0-931464-38-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["1988"]]},"language":"en","page":"27-47","publisher":"Eisenbrauns","publisher-place":"Winona Lake","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"The meaning and function of the temple in Classical Greece","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"CagianodeAzevedo1940","author":[{"family":"Cagiano de Azevedo","given":"Michelangelo"}],"citation-key":"CagianodeAzevedo1940","collection-title":"Memorie","container-title":"I <i>capitolia</i> dell'impero romano","event-place":"Roma","issued":{"date-parts":[["1940"]]},"language":"it-IT","note":"OCLC: 166060349","page":"1-76","publisher":"Tipografia poliglotta vaticana","publisher-place":"Roma","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Atti della pontificia accademia romana di archeologia","type":"chapter","volume":"5"},
  {"id":"Castagnoli1984","abstract":"1. An analysis of the meaning of the terms aedes, templum, delubrum,fanum, sacrarium, lucus: even if these terms are often interchangeable, the precise meaning of each can be established. 2. On the basis of the original meaning of templum (a ritually delimited space), it is proposed to apply this term to the platform with the aedes of Fortuna and of Mater Matuta, the 'area sacra di S. Omobono', and also to the 'podium' of the temple of the Capitoline triad. A typological comparison may also be made between these two templa, which were perhaps constructed at almost the same time. 3. The typology of the temple inside an area bounded by a portico may also be referred to the templum. The numerous variants of this typology are examined. 4. After a consideration of templum in its more specific sense of locus augurii aut auspicii causa definitus, the two auguracula—on the arx and the collis Latiaris—are examined in particular, and new identifications are proposed for them. 5. The term lucus raises the question of extra-urban cult sites. A scheme of classification is proposed: shrines of purely local importance, and sanctuaries repeating city cults in more distant sites (political motivation may be detected). For cult sites very close to the city the problem is more complex, involving in part the pomerium, evocatio, and the introduction of foreign cults.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2016",10,13]]},"author":[{"family":"Castagnoli","given":"Ferdinando"}],"citation-key":"Castagnoli1984","container-title":"Papers of the British School at Rome","container-title-short":"PBSR","ISSN":"0068-2462","issued":{"date-parts":[["1984"]]},"language":"it-IT","note":"00021","page":"3-20","source":"JSTOR","title":"Il tempio romano: questioni di terminologia e di tipologia","title-short":"Il tempio romano","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/40310802","volume":"52"},
  {"id":"Colonna2006","abstract":"This chapter offers a panoramic survey, obviously brief, of the sacred architecture of the Etruscans, intended to bring out what it can teach us about the religion of that people. By sacred architecture I mean all the manifestations of the art of building that have a cultic scope, both in places and contexts specifically sacred (i.e., sanctuaries)¹ and elsewhere. I shall not be able to give a truly exhaustive account, for the material is too vast and rich in its ramifications, especially as regards the funerary aspects, so important in Etruria. I shall attempt, however, to put the problems in","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",6,18]]},"archive":"JSTOR","author":[{"family":"Colonna","given":"Giovanni"}],"citation-key":"Colonna2006","container-title":"The religion of the Etruscans","editor":[{"family":"Grummond","given":"Nancy Thomson","non-dropping-particle":"de"},{"family":"Simon","given":"Erika"}],"ISBN":"978-0-292-70687-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"132-168","publisher":"University of Texas Press","title":"Sacred architecture and the religion of the Etruscans","type":"chapter","URL":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7560/706873.14"},
  {"id":"Cook1970","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2022",4,30]]},"author":[{"family":"Cook","given":"R. M."}],"citation-key":"Cook1970","container-title":"The Annual of the British School at Athens","DOI":"10.1017/S0068245400014659","ISSN":"0068-2454","issued":{"date-parts":[["1970"]]},"language":"en-GB","page":"17-19","publisher":"[British School at Athens, Cambridge University Press]","source":"JSTOR","title":"The archetypal Doric temple","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/30103205","volume":"65"},
  {"id":"Corbett1970","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",8,22]]},"author":[{"family":"Corbett","given":"P. E."}],"citation-key":"Corbett1970","container-title":"Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies","container-title-short":"BICS","DOI":"10.1111/j.2041-5370.1970.tb00097.x","ISSN":"0076-0730","issue":"17","issued":{"date-parts":[["1970"]]},"language":"en-GB","page":"149-158","publisher":"Wiley","source":"JSTOR","title":"Greek temples and Greek worshippers: the literary and archaeological evidence","title-short":"Greek temples and Greek worshippers","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43646263"},
  {"id":"Coulton1975","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",3,15]]},"author":[{"family":"Coulton","given":"J. J."}],"citation-key":"Coulton1975","container-title":"The Annual of the British School at Athens","DOI":"10.1017/S0068245400006535","ISSN":"0068-2454","issued":{"date-parts":[["1975"]]},"language":"en","page":"59-99","publisher":"[British School at Athens, Cambridge University Press]","source":"JSTOR","title":"Towards understanding Greek temple design: general considerations","title-short":"Towards understanding Greek temple design","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/30103314","volume":"70"},
  {"id":"DeBenedittis2010","author":[{"family":"De Benedittis","given":"Gianfranco"}],"citation-key":"DeBenedittis2010","container-title":"First meeting on cultural astronomy, Campobasso, May 21st 2010","editor":[{"family":"Badolati","given":"E."}],"event-place":"Naples","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"103-113","publisher":"Loffredo Editore","publisher-place":"Naples","title":"<span class=\"nocase\">L’orientamento astronomico dei templi sannitici</span>","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"Edlund-Berry2008","abstract":"One detail of the so-called Tuscan temple is the Etruscan round moulding, known from Etruria and monuments in Rome. The earliest preserved example (sixth century B.C.E.) comes from S. Omobono in Rome, followed by Satricum, Pyrgi, Ardea, and Tarquinia through the fourth century B.C.E. As Rome expanded its political interests in the third century B.C.E., newly founded colonies were equipped with major temples (Capitolia) that had a Tuscan plan and often Etruscan round mouldings (Sora, Isernia). Beginning in the second century B.C.E., new construction or remodeling of temples often displayed parallel traditions, including a Roman cyma reversa (Paestum) or an Etruscan round podium moulding (Cosa). The presence of the Etruscan round mouldings is not arbitrary. Only when Rome establishes its own architectural language through the cyma reversa moulding do we see that it has shed its dependence on the past and reached its own goals, political as well as architectural.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",6,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Edlund-Berry","given":"Ingrid"}],"citation-key":"Edlund-Berry2008","container-title":"American Journal of Archaeology","container-title-short":"AJA","DOI":"10.3764/aja.112.3.441","ISSN":"0002-9114","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"441-447","publisher":"Archaeological Institute of America","source":"JSTOR","title":"The language of Etrusco-Italic architecture: new perspectives on Tuscan temples","title-short":"The language of etrusco-italic architecture","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/20627482","volume":"112"},
  {"id":"Emerson2018","abstract":"An introduction to ancient Greek sanctuary sites and temple architecture, explaining technical terms and aesthetic concepts behind Greek architectural design","author":[{"family":"Emerson","given":"Mary"}],"call-number":"NA275 .E45 2018","citation-key":"Emerson2018","edition":"Second edition","event-place":"London; New York","ISBN":"978-1-4725-7528-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"language":"en","note":"OCLC: NEW","number-of-pages":"270","publisher":"Bloomsbury Academic, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc","publisher-place":"London; New York","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Greek sanctuaries and temple architecture: an introduction","title-short":"Greek sanctuaries and temple architecture","type":"book"},
  {"id":"Ghini2008","author":[{"family":"Ghini","given":"Giuseppina"}],"citation-key":"Ghini2008","collection-title":"Gli scrigni: Guide al patrimonio storico e artistico del Lazio","event-place":"Pescara, Italia","ISBN":"978-88-501-0122-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"language":"it-IT","note":"OCLC: 303039789","publisher":"Carsa","publisher-place":"Pescara, Italia","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Guida agli antichi templi e santuari dei Castelli romani e prenestini","type":"book"},
  {"id":"Glinister1997","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",12,19]]},"author":[{"family":"Glinister","given":"Fay"}],"citation-key":"Glinister1997","container-title":"Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz","DOI":"10.3406/ccgg.1997.1433","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["1997"]]},"language":"en-GB","license":"free","page":"61-80","publisher":"Persée - Portail des revues scientifiques en SHS","source":"www.persee.fr","title":"What is a sanctuary?","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccgg_1016-9008_1997_num_8_1_1433","volume":"8"},
  {"id":"Gros1976","author":[{"family":"Gros","given":"Pierre"}],"citation-key":"Gros1976","collection-number":"231","collection-title":"Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome Année","event-place":"Rome","issued":{"date-parts":[["1976"]]},"language":"fr-FR","publisher":"L' Erma di Bretschneider","publisher-place":"Rome","title":"Aurea templa: recherches sur l’architecture religieuse de Rome à l’époque d’Auguste","type":"book","URL":"https://www.persee.fr/doc/befar_0257-4101_1976_mon_231_1"},
  {"id":"Gruben2001","author":[{"family":"Gruben","given":"Gottfried"},{"family":"Hirmer","given":"Max"},{"family":"Hirmer","given":"Albert"}],"call-number":"726.1208","citation-key":"Gruben2001","edition":"5","event-place":"München","ISBN":"978-3-7774-8460-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"language":"de-DE","number-of-pages":"535","publisher":"Hirmer","publisher-place":"München","source":"DAI-Zenon","title":"Griechische Tempel und Heiligtümer","type":"book"},
  {"id":"Haenlein-Schaefer1985","author":[{"family":"Hänlein-Schäfer","given":"Heidi"}],"call-number":"72","citation-key":"Haenlein-Schaefer1985","collection-number":"39","collection-title":"Archaeologica","event-place":"Roma","ISBN":"978-88-85007-83-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["1985"]]},"language":"de-DE","publisher":"G. Bretschneider","publisher-place":"Roma","source":"BnF ISBN","title":"Veneratio Augusti: eine Studie zu den Tempeln des ersten römischen Kaisers","title-short":"Veneratio Augusti","type":"book"},
  {"id":"HeinrichNissen1869","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",8,3]]},"author":[{"family":"Nissen, Heinrich","given":""}],"citation-key":"HeinrichNissen1869","event-place":"Berlin","issued":{"date-parts":[["1869"]]},"language":"de-DE","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","number-of-pages":"273","publisher":"Weidmannsche Buchhandlung","publisher-place":"Berlin","source":"Internet Archive","title":"Das Templum. Antiquarische Untersuchungen","type":"book","URL":"http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3886AAAAcAAJ"},
  {"id":"Holmes1995","author":[{"family":"Holmes","given":"Alexandra Marie"}],"citation-key":"Holmes1995","event-place":"London","genre":"Ph. D.","issued":{"date-parts":[["1995"]]},"language":"en-GB","number-of-pages":"282","publisher":"King's College","publisher-place":"London","title":"Regional variations of early archaic Greek Doric temples in the Peloponnese, c. 675-550 BC","type":"thesis"},
  {"id":"Hussey1890","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2016",4,11]]},"author":[{"family":"Hussey","given":"George Benjamin"}],"citation-key":"Hussey1890","container-title":"The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts","container-title-short":"AJA","DOI":"10.2307/496151","ISSN":"1540-5079","issue":"1/2","issued":{"date-parts":[["1890"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"59-64","source":"JSTOR","title":"The distribution of Hellenic temples","type":"article-journal","URL":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/496151","volume":"6"},
  {"id":"Iannelli2020","abstract":"In questo studio preliminare viene descritta la possibilità di un orientamento astronomico delle strutture templari esaminate, in particolare i templi dedicati ad Hera dalle popolazioni della Magna Grecia e Sicilia Greca. A ciascun tempio è stata","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",9,5]]},"author":[{"family":"Iannelli","given":"Nicola"}],"citation-key":"Iannelli2020","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020",1,1]]},"language":"it-IT","source":"www.academia.edu","title":"La fondazione dei templi della Magna Grecia dedicati a Hera. L'orientamento verso la stella spica all'equinozio d'autunno","type":"document","URL":"https://www.academia.edu/42977906/LA_FONDAZIONE_DEI_TEMPLI_DELLA_MAGNA_GRECIA_DEDICATI_A_HERA_Lorientamento_verso_la_stella_Spica_allEquinozio_dAutunno"},
  {"id":"Jordan1879","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",11,26]]},"author":[{"family":"Jordan","given":"H."}],"citation-key":"Jordan1879","container-title":"Hermes","ISSN":"0018-0777","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["1879"]]},"language":"de-DE","page":"567-583","publisher":"Franz Steiner Verlag","source":"JSTOR","title":"Über die Ausdrücke <i>aedes templum fanum delubrum</i>","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4471664","volume":"14"},
  {"id":"Karlowa1896","author":[{"family":"Karlowa","given":"Otto"}],"citation-key":"Karlowa1896","event-place":"Heidelberg","issued":{"date-parts":[["1896"]]},"language":"de-DE","number-of-pages":"54","publisher":"Gustav Köster","publisher-place":"Heidelberg","title":"Intra pomerium und extra pomerium. Ein Beitrag zum römisches Staatsrecht","type":"book"},
  {"id":"LaRocca2011-1","author":[{"family":"La Rocca","given":"Eugenio"}],"citation-key":"LaRocca2011-1","container-title":"Tradizione e innovazione: l'elaborazione del linguaggio ellenistico nell'architettura romana e italica di età tardo-repubblicana","editor":[{"family":"La Rocca","given":"Eugenio"}],"event-place":"Roma","ISBN":"978-88-8265-622-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"language":"it-IT","note":"OCLC: 838738024","page":"1-24","publisher":"L'Erma di Bretschneider","publisher-place":"Roma","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"La forza della tradizione: l’architettura sacra a Roma tra II e I secolo a.C.","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"Lewis1966-1","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",9,21]]},"author":[{"family":"Lewis","given":"Michael Jonathan Taunton"}],"citation-key":"Lewis1966-1","collection-title":"Cambridge classical studies","event-place":"Cambridge","issued":{"date-parts":[["1966"]]},"language":"en-GB","note":"OCLC: 679330","number-of-pages":"218","publisher":"Cambridge U.P.","publisher-place":"Cambridge","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Temples in Roman Britain","type":"book","URL":"https://bac-lac.on.worldcat.org/oclc/490108591"},
  {"id":"Lewis2010","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",5,5]]},"author":[{"family":"Lewis","given":"Sian"}],"citation-key":"Lewis2010","container-title":"Bollettino <span class=\"nocase\">di archeologia on line</span>","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"en-GB","page":"12-26","title":"Images of craft on Athenian pottery: context and interpretation","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://bollettinodiarcheologiaonline.beniculturali.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/3_LEWIS.pdf","volume":"1"},
  {"id":"Liritzis2006","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",10,5]]},"author":[{"family":"Liritzis","given":"Ioannis"},{"family":"Vassiliou","given":"Helen"}],"citation-key":"Liritzis2006","container-title":"Astronomy and Geophysics","container-title-short":"Astron Geophys","DOI":"10.1111/j.1468-4004.2006.47114.x","ISSN":"1366-8781, 1468-4004","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006",2]]},"language":"en","page":"1.14-1.18","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Were Greek temples oriented towards aurorae?","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2006.47114.x","volume":"47"},
  {"id":"Lobuescher2002","author":[{"family":"Lobüscher","given":"Thomas"}],"call-number":"DC63 .L63 2002","citation-key":"Lobuescher2002","collection-number":"Bd. 6","collection-title":"Kölner Studien zur Archäologie der römischen Provinzen","event-place":"Rahden/Westf","ISBN":"978-3-89646-134-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2002"]]},"language":"de-DE","number-of-pages":"169","publisher":"Leidorf","publisher-place":"Rahden/Westf","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Tempel- und Theaterbau in den Tres Galliae und den germanischen Provinzen: ausgewählte Aspekte","title-short":"Tempel- und Theaterbau in den Tres Galliae und den germanischen Provinzen","type":"book"},
  {"id":"Marconi2016","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",5,31]]},"author":[{"family":"Marconi","given":"Clemente"}],"citation-key":"Marconi2016","container-title":"A companion to Greek architecture","DOI":"10.1002/9781118327586","editor":[{"family":"Miles","given":"Margaret M."}],"event-place":"Hoboken, NJ, USA","ISBN":"978-1-118-32758-6 978-1-4443-3599-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",8,8]]},"language":"en-US","page":"75-91","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","publisher-place":"Hoboken, NJ, USA","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The Greek West: temples and their decoration","title-short":"The Greek West","type":"chapter","URL":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781118327586"},
  {"id":"Maschek2014","abstract":"Traditionally, scientific interest in architectural decoration has been focused on questions of chronology and typology. The focus was primarily directed towards certain type fossils for dating purposes. This way of research proved to be highly prolific in its own regard. However, central questions concerning the cultural aspects of Late Republican Roman and Italic architectural design have not yet been approached convincingly. For that reason, the main intention of the present paper is to show some aspects of the diachronic evolution of temple design and decoration in central Italy and its dependence on superimposed cultural-historical and socio-economic processes. In archaeological scholarship a paradigm of ‘Hellenisation’ has been established to explain cultural merging processes in the regions of central Italy from about 200 BC to the early Imperial period. In this model, the diffusion of various forms and styles of decoration was often ascribed to the activity of mobile Greek workshops or the aesthetic preferences of certain social classes. However, typological analysis and diachronic mapping of monuments leads to a thoroughly different picture: first, the application and use of certain motifs need to be distinguished in terms of both chronological and spatial parameters. Second, particular decorative patterns and styles obviously were related to the function of the respective monuments whose material qualities and long-time visibility should always be taken into account. Third, motivic dependencies and specific features of regional production must be isolated and examined with special regard to their historical reciprocity.","author":[{"family":"Maschek","given":"Dominik"}],"citation-key":"Maschek2014","collection-number":"12","collection-title":"Studien zur antiken Stadt","container-title":"Antike Bauornamentik: Grenzen und Möglichkeiten ihrer Erforschung","editor":[{"family":"Lipps","given":"Johannes"},{"family":"Maschek","given":"Dominik"}],"event-place":"Wiesbaden","ISBN":"978-3-89500-997-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"language":"de-DE","page":"181-202","publisher":"Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag","publisher-place":"Wiesbaden","source":"BnF ISBN","title":"Der Tempel neue Kleider? Rezeptionsästhetische und semantische Aspekte von Bauornamentik im spätrepublikanischen Mittelitalien","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"MazarakisAinian1997","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",1,26]]},"author":[{"family":"Mazarakis Ainian","given":"Alexander"}],"citation-key":"MazarakisAinian1997","event-place":"Jonsered","ISBN":"978-91-7081-152-4","issued":{"date-parts":[["1997"]]},"language":"en-GB","note":"OCLC: 692580698","publisher":"P. Åströms förlag","publisher-place":"Jonsered","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"From rulers' dwellings to temples: architecture, religion and society in early Iron Age Greece (1100-700 B.C.)","title-short":"From rulers' dwellings to temples","type":"book","URL":"http://books.google.com/books?id=IjZoAAAAMAAJ"},
  {"id":"MazarakisAinian2016","abstract":"The development of the Greek temple into the form it finally acquired in the Classical period followed a long diversified trajectory. Sanctuaries outside settlements were no longer controlled by some kind of central authority as in the Late Bronze Age. These changes may have marked the origin of the Panhellenic sanctuaries. Occasionally, earlier rulers’ dwellings, such as the LH IIIC Megaron T at Tiryns, were converted into temples. The focus of cult in Greek sanctuaries, since the beginning of the Iron Age, was the altar. The cult at the Artemision of Ephesos dates back to the Protogeometric period, but the earliest cult building dates to the mid‐seventh century BCE. Temple architecture is characterized, among others, by monumentality, and the adoption of the peristyle by several temples. The Temple of Apollo at Corinth and the temples with a peristyle at Isthmia, Argos, Thermon, Samos, and Ephesos are typical of this architectural bloom.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020",5,31]]},"author":[{"family":"Mazarakis Ainian","given":"Alexander"}],"citation-key":"MazarakisAinian2016","container-title":"A companion to Greek architecture","DOI":"10.1002/9781118327586.ch2","editor":[{"family":"Miles","given":"Margaret M."}],"event-place":"Hoboken, NJ, USA","ISBN":"978-1-118-32758-6 978-1-4443-3599-6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",7,18]]},"language":"en-US","page":"15-30","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","publisher-place":"Hoboken, NJ, USA","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Early Greek temples","type":"chapter","URL":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781118327586.ch2"},
  {"id":"Miles2016-2","author":[{"family":"Miles","given":"Margaret M."}],"call-number":"DE31 .V35 2016","citation-key":"Miles2016-2","collection-number":"393","collection-title":"Mnemosyne Supplements: Monographs on Greek and Latin language and literature","container-title":"Valuing landscape in classical antiquity: natural environment and cultural imagination","editor":[{"family":"McInerney","given":"Jeremy"},{"family":"Sluiter","given":"Ineke"}],"event-place":"Leiden; Boston","ISBN":"978-90-04-31970-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"language":"en-GB","page":"151-195","publisher":"Brill","publisher-place":"Leiden; Boston","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"Birds around the temple: constructing a sacred environment","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"Morgan2024","abstract":"During the Early Iron Age, the decision taken in many parts of Greece to adapt available technologies to erect buildings of varying forms on often long established cult sites implies visions (plural) of the ways in which built space could contain, shape, or help to articulate activities linked to religious belief. This article explores the insertion of cult buildings into sanctuaries and analyses how they then came to operate as material ob- jects within sacred space. Such a materiality-based perspective will enrich the complex discussion of temples and other cult buildings in Early Iron Age–Archaic religion, previously dominated by questions focussing on architecture and/or the rise of the polis.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",6,28]]},"author":[{"family":"Morgan","given":"Catherine"}],"citation-key":"Morgan2024","collection-editor":[{"family":"Habetzeder","given":"Julia"}],"collection-title":"Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Athen, 4°","container-title":"The stuff of the gods. The material aspects of religion in ancient Greece","DOI":"10.30549/actaath-4-59","edition":"1","editor":[{"family":"Haysom","given":"Matthew"},{"family":"Mili","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Wallensten","given":"Jenny"}],"event-place":"Stockholm","ISBN":"978-91-7916-068-5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024",6,10]]},"language":"en-GB","page":"149-166","publisher":"Swedish Institute at Athens","publisher-place":"Stockholm","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Adding buildings to Early Iron Age sanctuaries. The materiality of built space","type":"chapter","URL":"https://ecsi.se/actaath-4-59/","volume":"59"},
  {"id":"Moutsiakis2023","abstract":"The ancient Greek civilization is characterized by unique monuments of our world cultural heritage. Of these monuments, the ancient Greek temple is one of the most characteristic and majestic building of antiquity. Nowadays, numerous ancient temples can be found, which are scattered throughout mainland and island Greece. In this paper, the 271 ancient temples in Greece, dating from the Geometric period until the Roman era, were studied from the engineer’s point of view, and some of their characteristics were recorded and dig-itized, many of which were obtained by utilizing geoinformatics tools. More specifically, the recording of the temples and their characteristics was carried out through extensive bibliographic research and then their lo-cation was determined with the help of a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Google Earth Pro® images were used to calculate their specific setting characteristics, especially their orientation and area. In addition, their altitude, their distance from the coastline, their distance from paved roads and their distance from paved or non-paved roads were calculated. Moreover, by correlating all the data, an attempt was made to draw conclusions. Finally, correlation of the names of the deities, to which the temples were dedicated, with the above characteristics led to further conclusions.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",4,25]]},"author":[{"family":"Moutsiakis","given":"P."},{"family":"Kaimaris","given":"D."}],"citation-key":"Moutsiakis2023","DOI":"10.5281/ZENODO.7978083","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",7,10]]},"language":"en-US","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access","publisher":"[object Object]","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Ancient temples in Greece and the contribution of geoinformatics to the determination of their general setting characteristics","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://zenodo.org/record/7978083"},
  {"id":"Osborne2009","author":[{"family":"Osborne","given":"Robin"}],"call-number":"NB90 .S77 2009","citation-key":"Osborne2009","container-title":"Structure, image, ornament: architectural sculpture in the Greek world: proceedings of an international conference held at the American School of Classical Studies, 27-28 November 2004","editor":[{"family":"Schultz","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Hoff","given":"Ralf","dropping-particle":"von den"}],"event-place":"Oxford : Oakville, CT","ISBN":"978-1-84217-344-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]},"language":"en-GB","note":"OCLC: ocn261178436","page":"2-12","publisher":"Oxbow Books ; Distributed in the USA by David Brown","publisher-place":"Oxford : Oakville, CT","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"The narratology and theology of architectural sculpture, or: what you can do with a chariot but can't do with a satyr on a Greek temple","type":"chapter"},
  {"id":"Patay-Horvath2023","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",1,8]]},"author":[{"family":"Patay-Horváth","given":"András"}],"citation-key":"Patay-Horvath2023","collection-number":"55","collection-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Classical Archaeology","container-title":"Archaeology and economy in the ancient world: sessions 6–8, single contributions","DOI":"10.11588/PROPYLAEUM.1035","editor":[{"family":"Bentz","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Heinzelmann","given":"Michael"}],"event-place":"Heidelberg","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"161–170","publisher":"Propylaeum","publisher-place":"Heidelberg","source":"DOI.org (Datacite)","title":"Doric temples in southern Arcadia – who built them and why?","type":"chapter","URL":"https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/propylaeum/catalog/book/1035"},
  {"id":"Pavolini2010-1","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",5,5]]},"author":[{"family":"Pavolini","given":"Carlo"}],"citation-key":"Pavolini2010-1","container-title":"Bollettino di archeologia on line","issued":{"date-parts":[["2010"]]},"language":"it-IT","page":"1-9","title":"I culti orientali sul Celio: acquisizioni e ipotesi recenti","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://bollettinodiarcheologiaonline.beniculturali.it/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/1_PAVOLINI.pdf","volume":"1"},
  {"id":"Romeo1989","author":[{"family":"Romeo","given":"Ilaria"}],"citation-key":"Romeo1989","container-title":"Xenia antiqua","issued":{"date-parts":[["1989"]]},"language":"it-IT","page":"5-55","title":"Sacelli arcaici senza peristasi nella Sicilia greca","type":"article-journal","volume":"17"},
  {"id":"Schnapp-Gourbeillon1998","abstract":"Une filiation directe entre le “mégaron” des palais mycéniens et les premiers temples d’époque géométrique ne peut guère être défendue et illustrer un passage entre privé et public. En fait, toute analyse des processus de transition et de transmission fondée sur les seules formes architecturales introduit plus de confusions que d’éclaicissements et la question du mégaron n’est qu’un aspect d’une réflexion globale à mener sur le fonctionnement de la mémoire sociale et culturelle des Grecs.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",8,22]]},"author":[{"family":"Schnapp-Gourbeillon","given":"Annie"}],"citation-key":"Schnapp-Gourbeillon1998","container-title":"Ktèma","DOI":"10.3406/ktema.1998.2739","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["1998"]]},"language":"fr-FR","license":"free","page":"289-300","source":"www.persee.fr","title":"Du mégaron aux premiers temples? Un état des lieux","title-short":"Du mégaron aux premiers temples ?","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.persee.fr/doc/ktema_0221-5896_1998_num_23_1_2739","volume":"23"},
  {"id":"Spawforth2006","author":[{"family":"Spawforth","given":"Antony"}],"call-number":"NA275 .S67 2006","citation-key":"Spawforth2006","event-place":"London; New York","ISBN":"978-0-500-05142-9","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"language":"en","note":"OCLC: ocm63702755","number-of-pages":"240","publisher":"Thames & Hudson","publisher-place":"London; New York","source":"Library of Congress ISBN","title":"The complete Greek temples","type":"book"},
  {"id":"Stambaugh1978","author":[{"family":"Stambaugh","given":"John E."}],"call-number":"0056","citation-key":"Stambaugh1978","container-title":"<span class=\"nocase\">Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt</span>","container-title-short":"ANRW","DOI":"10.1515/9783110854503-013","editor":[{"family":"Haase","given":"Wolfgang"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1978"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"554-608","title":"The functions of Roman temples","type":"article-journal","volume":"II.16.1"},
  {"id":"WilsonJones2014","author":[{"family":"Wilson Jones","given":"Mark"}],"citation-key":"WilsonJones2014","event-place":"New Haven, Conn.","ISBN":"978-0-300-18276-7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"language":"en","note":"OCLC: 880937101","publisher":"Yale University Press","publisher-place":"New Haven, Conn.","source":"Open WorldCat","title":"Origins of classical architecture: temples, orders and gifts to the gods in ancient Greece","title-short":"Origins of classical architecture","type":"book"},
  {"id":"Winter1976","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,14]]},"author":[{"family":"Winter","given":"F. E."}],"citation-key":"Winter1976","container-title":"American Journal of Archaeology","container-title-short":"AJA","DOI":"10.2307/503409","ISSN":"0002-9114","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["1976"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"139-145","source":"JSTOR","title":"Tradition and innovation in Doric design I: western Greek temples","title-short":"Tradition and innovation in doric design i","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/503409","volume":"80"},
  {"id":"Winter1978","abstract":"A great deal of creative work was done in Doric architecture east of the Adriatic during the period ca. 565-490. The long narrow proportions of early Doric peristyles were progressively modified to produce 6×12, and even 6×11, plans; the exterior colonnade was sometimes rendered more spacious by making it \"pseudodipteral\"; and in the latter part of our period Ionic ideas and decorative details began to be imported into the Doric tradition. One important innovation was the trend toward more slender column proportions-an idea later taken up by the architects of Periklean Athens. In some cases too one or both of opisthodomos and interior columns were omitted; it was then possible to make the cella relatively larger and more spacious. Designs of this type, though generally not favored by architects of the second and third quarters of the fifth century, were enthusiastically adopted by fourth century builders. Most, if not all, of the middle and late Archaic innovations can probably be traced to Ionic influence. However, this influence does not always seem to have come directly from the eastern Aegean to the Greek mainland; for some of the new ideas evidently appeared first in Sicily and Magna Graecia, Korfu, and even Cyrene. Probably the architects of the Periklean age drew some of their inspiration from later Archaic Doric west as well as east of the Adriatic. Perhaps unfortunately, the use of taller and more slender columns, even when combined with relatively lower and lighter entablatures, substantially altered the height:width proportions of classical Athenian temple facades. The work of the \"Theseum\" architect gives us an interesting view of a single designer trying to find a satisfactory solution for some of the problems produced by the new style. Nevertheless these problems were sometimes hardly capable of solution within the traditional Doric framework. The next article in this series will deal with the boldly uncanonical solutions found in the work of Iktinos.","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023",11,14]]},"author":[{"family":"Winter","given":"F. E."}],"citation-key":"Winter1978","container-title":"American Journal of Archaeology","container-title-short":"AJA","DOI":"10.2307/504490","ISSN":"0002-9114","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["1978"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"151-161","source":"JSTOR","title":"Tradition and innovation in Doric design II: archaic and classical Doric east of the Adriatic","title-short":"Tradition and innovation in Doric design II","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/504490","volume":"82"},
  {"id":"Winter1991","author":[{"family":"Winter","given":"Frederick E."}],"citation-key":"Winter1991","container-title":"Echos du monde classique: Classical news and views","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["1991"]]},"language":"en-US","page":"193–220","title":"Early Doric temples in Arkadia","type":"article-journal","URL":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/653813.","volume":"35"},
  {"id":"Yegul2019-1","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2021",6,1]]},"author":[{"family":"Yegül","given":"Fikret"},{"family":"Favro","given":"Diane"}],"citation-key":"Yegul2019-1","container-title":"Roman architecture and urbanism: from the origins to late antiquity","DOI":"10.1017/9780511979743","edition":"1","ISBN":"978-0-511-97974-3 978-0-521-47071-1 978-0-521-47669-0","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",9,5]]},"language":"en","page":"81-111","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Temple architecture of republican Rome and Italy","type":"chapter","URL":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511979743/type/book"},
  {"id":"Ziolkowski1989-1","author":[{"family":"Ziółkowski","given":"Adam"}],"citation-key":"Ziolkowski1989-1","container-title":"Scienze dell'Antichità","issued":{"date-parts":[["1989"],["1990"]]},"language":"it-IT","page":"761-771","title":"Una dimora per le divinità: aedes publica come offerta votiva in età repubblicana","type":"article-journal","volume":"3–4"}
]