diff --git a/common/protocol/src/methods/validate/validateBundleProposal.ts b/common/protocol/src/methods/validate/validateBundleProposal.ts
index e23f3e87..e1970569 100644
--- a/common/protocol/src/methods/validate/validateBundleProposal.ts
+++ b/common/protocol/src/methods/validate/validateBundleProposal.ts
@@ -158,12 +158,27 @@ export async function validateBundleProposal(
             this.logger.debug(
               `this.runtime.validateDataItem($THIS, $PROPOSED_DATA_ITEM, $VALIDATION_DATA_ITEM)`
             );
-            valid = await this.runtime.validateDataItem(
+            const vote = await this.runtime.validateDataItem(
               this,
               proposedBundle[i],
               validationBundle[i]
             );
 
+            // vote abstain if data item validation returned abstain
+            if (vote === VOTE.ABSTAIN) {
+              const success = await this.voteBundleProposal(
+                this.pool.bundle_proposal!.storage_id,
+                VOTE.ABSTAIN
+              );
+              return success;
+            }
+
+            if (vote === VOTE.VALID) {
+              valid = true;
+            } else if (vote === VOTE.INVALID) {
+              valid = false;
+            }
+
             // only log if data item validation returned invalid
             if (!valid) {
               this.logger.info(
diff --git a/common/protocol/src/types/interfaces/runtime.interface.ts b/common/protocol/src/types/interfaces/runtime.interface.ts
index 91f0d01b..a65028d7 100644
--- a/common/protocol/src/types/interfaces/runtime.interface.ts
+++ b/common/protocol/src/types/interfaces/runtime.interface.ts
@@ -103,13 +103,13 @@ export interface IRuntime {
    * @param {Validator} v the class of @kyvejs/protocol
    * @param {DataItem} proposedDataItem the data item proposed by the uploader
    * @param {DataItem} validationDataItem the data item which the validator created himself for validation again the proposed data item
-   * @return {Promise<boolean>} returns whether the proposed data item is valid compared to the validation data item
+   * @return {Promise<number>} returns whether the vote is valid, invalid or abstain compared against the proposed data item
    */
   validateDataItem(
     v: Validator,
     proposedDataItem: DataItem,
     validationDataItem: DataItem
-  ): Promise<boolean>;
+  ): Promise<number>;
 
   /**
    * Gets a formatted value string from a bundle. This produces a "summary" of
diff --git a/common/protocol/test/vote_invalid.test.ts b/common/protocol/test/vote_invalid.test.ts
index 09745314..cb1b5254 100644
--- a/common/protocol/test/vote_invalid.test.ts
+++ b/common/protocol/test/vote_invalid.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   Validator,
   sha256,
   standardizeJSON,
+  VOTE,
 } from "../src/index";
 import { runNode } from "../src/methods/main/runNode";
 import { genesis_pool } from "./mocks/constants";
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ describe("invalid votes tests", () => {
 
   test("vote invalid because runtime validate function returns false", async () => {
     // ARRANGE
-    const validateBundleMock = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(false);
+    const validateBundleMock = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(VOTE.INVALID);
     v["runtime"].validateDataItem = validateBundleMock;
 
     const bundle = [
@@ -949,7 +950,7 @@ describe("invalid votes tests", () => {
 
   test("try to vote invalid after validator has voted abstain bebore", async () => {
     // ARRANGE
-    const validateBundleMock = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(false);
+    const validateBundleMock = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(VOTE.INVALID);
 
     v["runtime"].validateDataItem = validateBundleMock;
 
@@ -1096,7 +1097,7 @@ describe("invalid votes tests", () => {
 
   test("try to vote invalid after validator has voted invalid before", async () => {
     // ARRANGE
-    const validateBundleMock = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(false);
+    const validateBundleMock = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(VOTE.INVALID);
 
     v["runtime"].validateDataItem = validateBundleMock;
 
@@ -1226,7 +1227,7 @@ describe("invalid votes tests", () => {
 
   test("try to vote invalid after validator has voted valid before", async () => {
     // ARRANGE
-    const validateBundleMock = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(false);
+    const validateBundleMock = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(VOTE.INVALID);
 
     v["runtime"].validateDataItem = validateBundleMock;
 
@@ -1354,7 +1355,7 @@ describe("invalid votes tests", () => {
 
   test("vote invalid but local bundle could not be loaded in the first try", async () => {
     // ARRANGE
-    v["runtime"].validateDataItem = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(false);
+    v["runtime"].validateDataItem = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(VOTE.INVALID);
 
     const bundle = [
       { key: "test_key_1", value: "test_value_1" },
@@ -1513,7 +1514,7 @@ describe("invalid votes tests", () => {
 
   test("vote invalid but bundle from storage provider could not be loaded in the first try", async () => {
     // ARRANGE
-    v["runtime"].validateDataItem = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(false);
+    v["runtime"].validateDataItem = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(VOTE.INVALID);
 
     const bundle = [
       { key: "test_key_1", value: "test_value_1" },
@@ -1690,7 +1691,7 @@ describe("invalid votes tests", () => {
       .mockReturnValueOnce(true)
       .mockReturnValue(false);
 
-    v["runtime"].validateDataItem = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(false);
+    v["runtime"].validateDataItem = jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(VOTE.INVALID);
 
     v["client"][0].kyve.bundles.v1beta1.voteBundleProposal = jest
       .fn()
diff --git a/integrations/tendermint-bsync/src/runtime.ts b/integrations/tendermint-bsync/src/runtime.ts
index d145a4c2..3964a776 100644
--- a/integrations/tendermint-bsync/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/integrations/tendermint-bsync/src/runtime.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { DataItem, IRuntime, Validator } from '@kyvejs/protocol';
+import { DataItem, IRuntime, Validator, VOTE } from "@kyvejs/protocol";
 import { name, version } from '../package.json';
 import axios from 'axios';
 
@@ -62,11 +62,12 @@ export default class TendermintBSync implements IRuntime {
     _: Validator,
     proposedDataItem: DataItem,
     validationDataItem: DataItem
-  ): Promise<boolean> {
+  ): Promise<number> {
     // apply equal comparison
-    return (
-      JSON.stringify(proposedDataItem) === JSON.stringify(validationDataItem)
-    );
+    if (JSON.stringify(proposedDataItem) === JSON.stringify(validationDataItem)) {
+      return VOTE.VALID
+    }
+    return VOTE.INVALID
   }
 
   async summarizeDataBundle(_: Validator, bundle: DataItem[]): Promise<string> {
diff --git a/integrations/tendermint-ssync/src/runtime.ts b/integrations/tendermint-ssync/src/runtime.ts
index 43b9ebe7..a93a73f6 100644
--- a/integrations/tendermint-ssync/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/integrations/tendermint-ssync/src/runtime.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { DataItem, IRuntime, Validator } from '@kyvejs/protocol';
+import { DataItem, IRuntime, Validator, VOTE } from "@kyvejs/protocol";
 import { name, version } from '../package.json';
 import axios from 'axios';
 
@@ -126,11 +126,12 @@ export default class TendermintSSync implements IRuntime {
     _: Validator,
     proposedDataItem: DataItem,
     validationDataItem: DataItem
-  ): Promise<boolean> {
+  ): Promise<number> {
     // apply equal comparison
-    return (
-      JSON.stringify(proposedDataItem) === JSON.stringify(validationDataItem)
-    );
+    if (JSON.stringify(proposedDataItem) === JSON.stringify(validationDataItem)) {
+      return VOTE.VALID
+    }
+    return VOTE.INVALID
   }
 
   async summarizeDataBundle(_: Validator, bundle: DataItem[]): Promise<string> {
diff --git a/integrations/tendermint/src/runtime.ts b/integrations/tendermint/src/runtime.ts
index f5cfbc09..1108f0a4 100644
--- a/integrations/tendermint/src/runtime.ts
+++ b/integrations/tendermint/src/runtime.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { DataItem, IRuntime, Validator } from '@kyvejs/protocol';
+import { DataItem, IRuntime, Validator, VOTE } from '@kyvejs/protocol';
 import { name, version } from '../package.json';
 import axios from 'axios';
 import Ajv from 'ajv';
@@ -182,11 +182,25 @@ export default class Tendermint implements IRuntime {
     _: Validator,
     proposedDataItem: DataItem,
     validationDataItem: DataItem
-  ): Promise<boolean> {
-    // apply equal comparison
-    return (
-      JSON.stringify(proposedDataItem) === JSON.stringify(validationDataItem)
-    );
+  ): Promise<number> {
+    if (JSON.stringify(proposedDataItem) === JSON.stringify(validationDataItem)) {
+      return VOTE.VALID
+    }
+    // prevent nondeterministic misbehaviour due to osmosis-1 specific problems
+    if (validationDataItem.value.block.block.header.chain_id === "osmosis-1") {
+      _.logger.info("Removing begin_block_events: osmosis-1 identified")
+      // remove nondeterministic begin_block_events to prevent incorrect invalid vote
+      delete validationDataItem.value.block_results.begin_block_events;
+      delete proposedDataItem.value.block_results.begin_block_events;
+
+      if (JSON.stringify(proposedDataItem) === JSON.stringify(validationDataItem)) {
+        _.logger.warn("Voting abstain: value.block_results.begin_block_events don't match")
+        // vote abstain if begin_block_events are not equal
+        return VOTE.ABSTAIN
+      }
+    }
+    // vote invalid if data does not match
+    return VOTE.INVALID
   }
 
   async summarizeDataBundle(_: Validator, bundle: DataItem[]): Promise<string> {