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</head><body><div id="web_bg" style="background-image: url(/img/48036836_p0.jpg);"></div><div id="sidebar"><div id="menu-mask"></div><div id="sidebar-menus"><div class="avatar-img is-center"><img src="/img/SekiBetu.png" onerror="onerror=null;src='/img/Starfetcher.jpg'" alt="avatar"/></div><div class="site-data is-center"><a href="/archives/"><div class="headline">文章</div><div class="length-num">16</div></a><a href="/tags/"><div class="headline">标签</div><div class="length-num">25</div></a><a href="/categories/"><div class="headline">分类</div><div class="length-num">0</div></a></div><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> 首页</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> 时间轴</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> 标签</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/link/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link"></i><span> 友链</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="post" id="body-wrap"><header class="post-bg" id="page-header" style="background-image: url(/img/67861832_p0.jpg);"><nav id="nav"><span id="blog-info"><a class="nav-site-title" href="/"><span class="site-name">惜别的秘密基地</span></a><a class="nav-page-title" href="/"><span class="site-name">Redis笔记(自用)</span></a></span><div id="menus"><div class="menus_items"><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i><span> 首页</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/archives/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i><span> 时间轴</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/tags/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i><span> 标签</span></a></div><div class="menus_item"><a class="site-page" href="/link/"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-link"></i><span> 友链</span></a></div></div><div id="toggle-menu"><span class="site-page"><i class="fas fa-bars fa-fw"></i></span></div></div></nav><div id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">Redis笔记(自用)</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2020-08-01T07:24:34.000Z" title="发表于 2020-08-01 15:24:34">2020-08-01</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2022-06-17T13:32:06.000Z" title="更新于 2022-06-17 21:32:06">2022-06-17</time></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">总字数:</span><span class="word-count">937</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>3分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title=""><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">浏览量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h2 id="Redis">Redis</h2>
<p>Redis: <strong>Re</strong>mote <strong>Di</strong>ctionary <strong>S</strong>erver</p>
<p>三个特点:</p>
<ul>
<li>Redis 支持数据持久化. 可以将内存中的数据保持在磁盘中, 重启后可再次使用</li>
<li>Redis 支持 <code>key-val</code>, <code>list</code>, <code>set</code>, <code>zset</code>, <code>hash</code> 等数据结构存储</li>
<li>Redis 支持数据备份, master-slave 模式数据备份</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>零碎基础知识</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>单进程 (*) 单进程处理客户端的请求, 对读写事件响应是通过 <code>epoll</code> 函数而包装来操作. Redis 实际处理速度完全依靠主进程执行效率</li>
<li>默认 <code>16</code> 个数据库, 类似数组下标从 <code>0</code> 开始, 初始默认使用 <code>0</code> 号库</li>
<li><code>select</code> 切换数据库</li>
<li><code>dbsize</code> 查看当前数据库的 <code>key</code> 的数量</li>
<li><code>flushdb</code> 清空当前数据库</li>
<li><code>flushall</code> 删全部库</li>
<li>统一密码管理, <code>16</code> 个库同一个密码</li>
<li>Redis 索引是从 <code>0</code> 开始</li>
<li>默认端口 <code>6379</code></li>
</ol>
<h2 id="Redis-数据类型">Redis 数据类型</h2>
<h3 id="五大数据类型">五大数据类型</h3>
<ol>
<li>String (字符串)</li>
<li>Hash (哈希, 类似 Java HashMap)</li>
<li>List (列表)</li>
<li>Set (集合)</li>
<li>Zset (Sorted Set: 有序集合)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>String (字符串)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>一个 <code>key</code> 对应一个 <code>value</code></li>
<li>二进制安全. 可以包含任何数据, 包括图片或者序列化对象</li>
<li><code>value</code> 最多可以是 512M</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Hash</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>string 类型的 <code>field</code> 和 <code>value</code> 的映射表</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>List (列表)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>底层是一个<strong>链表</strong></li>
<li>按照插入顺序排序, 可以在头部或者尾部插入数据</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Set</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>string 类型的无序集合, 是通过 HashTable 实现的</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Zset (Sorted Set)</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>string 类型的集合</li>
<li>与 Set 不同的是: 每个元素都会关联一个 double 类型的分数</li>
<li>Redis 通过分数来为集合中的成员进行从小到大排序</li>
<li>zset 成员唯一, 但是分数 (score) 可以重复!</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="Redis-键-key">Redis 键 (key)</h3>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">key *</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 判断某个 key 是否存在</span><br><span class="line">exists key</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 将 key 移动到另一个库</span><br><span class="line">move key db</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 给 key 设置过期时间</span><br><span class="line">expire key</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 查看还有多长时间 key 过期, -1 表示永不过期, -2 表示已经过期</span><br><span class="line">ttl key</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 移除key的过期时间，即设置回永不过期</span><br><span class="line">persist key</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 查看 key 是什么类型</span><br><span class="line">type key</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">get k1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 有对应的键值, 覆盖 value</span><br><span class="line">set k1 v1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 删除 key</span><br><span class="line">del key</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Redis-字符串-String">Redis 字符串 (String)</h3>
<p>单值单 value</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">set / get / del / append / strlen</span><br><span class="line">incr / decr / incrby / decrby</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 获取指定区间范围的值</span><br><span class="line">getrange key 0 -1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 范围内设置值 (结果 key 对应的 value 以 'xxx'开头)</span><br><span class="line">setrange key 0 xxx</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 设置过期时间</span><br><span class="line">setex</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># set if not exist</span><br><span class="line">setnx</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 设置 / 获取 多个键值对</span><br><span class="line">mset / mget / msetnx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Redis-列表-List">Redis 列表 (List)</h3>
<p>单值多 value</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">lpush / rpush / lrange</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">lpop / rpop</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 按照索引下标获得元素 (从上到下)</span><br><span class="line">lindex</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">llen</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 删除 n 个 val</span><br><span class="line">lrem key n val</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 截取指定范围的值然后再赋值给 key</span><br><span class="line">ltrim key index1 index 2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 源列表 -> 目标列表</span><br><span class="line">rpoplpush list1 list2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">lset key index value</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">linsert key before/after val1 val2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>性能总结</p>
<ol>
<li>是一个字符串链表, left, right 都可以插入添加</li>
<li>如果键不存在, 创建新的链表</li>
<li>如果键已存在, 新增内容</li>
<li>如果值完全移除, 对应的键也就消失了</li>
<li>链表操作头尾效率很高, 中间元素效率不高</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="Redis-集合-Set">Redis 集合 (Set)</h3>
<p>单值多 value</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sadd / smembers / sismembers</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 获取集合里元素个数</span><br><span class="line">scard</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 删除集合中元素</span><br><span class="line">srem key value</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">srandmember key 某个整数</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 随机 pop 元素</span><br><span class="line">spop key</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 将 key1 里的某个值赋值给 key2</span><br><span class="line">smove set01 set02 5</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 差集 / 交集 / 并集</span><br><span class="line">sdiff / sinter / sunion</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Redis-哈希-Hash">Redis 哈希 (Hash)</h3>
<p>KV 模式不变, 但 V 是一个键值对</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">hset / hget / hmset / hmget / hgetall / hdel</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">hlen</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 在 key 里面的某个值的 key</span><br><span class="line">hexists key</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">hkeys / hvals</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">hincrby / hincrbyfloat</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">hsetnx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Redis-有序集合-Zset">Redis 有序集合 (Zset)</h3>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">zadd / zrange (withscores)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 开始 score1 结束 score2</span><br><span class="line">zrangebyscore key score1 score2</span><br><span class="line"> withscore</span><br><span class="line"> '(' 不包含</span><br><span class="line"> limit 开始下标步, 多少步</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 删除元素</span><br><span class="line">zrem key 某 score 下对应的 value</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">zcard / zcount key <score_range> / zrank key values</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://zhenye-na.github.io/2019/08/29/redis-cheatsheet.html#redis-%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1">https://zhenye-na.github.io/2019/08/29/redis-cheatsheet.html#redis-%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets/blob/master/databases/redis.sh">https://github.com/LeCoupa/awesome-cheatsheets/blob/master/databases/redis.sh</a></p>
</li>
</ol>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://sekibetu.com">SekiBetu</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://sekibetu.com/redis01.html">https://sekibetu.com/redis01.html</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来源 <a href="https://sekibetu.com" target="_blank">惜别的秘密基地</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" 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href="#%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">五大数据类型</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Redis-%E9%94%AE-key"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">Redis 键 (key)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Redis-%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E4%B8%B2-String"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Redis 字符串 (String)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Redis-%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8-List"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">Redis 列表 (List)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Redis-%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88-Set"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">Redis 集合 (Set)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Redis-%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C-Hash"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> 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