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ubuntu_server_encrypted_root_zfs.sh
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#!/bin/bash
##Script installs ubuntu on the zfs file system with snapshot rollback at boot. Options include encryption and headless remote unlocking.
##Script: https://github.com/Sithuk/ubuntu-server-zfsbootmenu
##Script date: 2025-01-13
# shellcheck disable=SC2317 # Don't warn about unreachable commands in this file
set -euo pipefail
#set -x
##Usage: <script_filename> initial | postreboot | remoteaccess | datapool
##Script to be run in two parts.
##Part 1: Run with "initial" option from Ubuntu live iso (desktop version) terminal.
##Part 2: Reboot into new install.
##Part 2: Run with "postreboot" option after first boot into new install (login as user/password defined in variable section below).
##Remote access can be installed by either:
## setting the remoteaccess variable to "yes" in the variables section below, or
## running the script with the "remoteaccess" option after part 1 and part 2 are run.
##Connect as "root" on port 222 to the server's ip address.
##It's better to leave the remoteaccess variable below as "no" and run the script with the "remoteaccess" option
## as that will use the user's authorized_keys file. Setting the remoteaccess variable to "yes" will use root's authorized_keys.
##Login as "root" during remote access, even if using a user's authorized_keys file. No other users are available during remote access.
##A non-root drive can be setup as an encrypted data pool using the "datapool" option.
##The drive will be unlocked automatically after the root drive password is entered at boot.
##If running in a Virtualbox virtualmachine, setup tips below:
##1. Enable EFI.
##2. Set networking to bridged mode so VM gets its own IP. Fewer problems with ubuntu keyserver.
##3. Minimum drive size of 5GB.
##Rescuing using a Live CD
##zpool export -a #Export all pools.
##zpool import -N -R /mnt rpool #"rpool" should be the root pool name.
##zfs load-key -r -L prompt -a #-r Recursively loads the keys. -a Loads the keys for all encryption roots in all imported pools. -L is for a keylocation or to "prompt" user for an input.
##zfs mount -a #Mount all datasets.
##Variables:
ubuntuver="noble" #Ubuntu release to install. "jammy" (22.04). "noble" (24.04).
distro_variant="server" #Ubuntu variant to install. "server" (Ubuntu server; cli only.) "desktop" (Default Ubuntu desktop install). "kubuntu" (KDE plasma desktop variant). "xubuntu" (Xfce desktop variant). "budgie" (Budgie desktop variant). "MATE" (MATE desktop variant).
user="testuser" #Username for new install.
PASSWORD="testuser" #Password for user in new install.
hostname="ubuntu" #Name to identify the main system on the network. An underscore is DNS non-compliant.
zfs_root_password="testtest" #Password for encrypted root pool. Minimum 8 characters. "" for no password encrypted protection. Unlocking root pool also unlocks data pool, unless the root pool has no password protection, then a separate data pool password can be set below.
zfs_root_encrypt="native" #Encryption type. "native" for native zfs encryption. "luks" for luks. Required if there is a root pool password, otherwise ignored.
locale="en_GB.UTF-8" #New install language setting.
timezone="Europe/London" #New install timezone setting.
zfs_rpool_ashift="12" #Drive setting for zfs pool. ashift=9 means 512B sectors (used by all ancient drives), ashift=12 means 4KiB sectors (used by most modern hard drives), and ashift=13 means 8KiB sectors (used by some modern SSDs).
mirror_archive="" #"" to use the default ubuntu repository. Set to an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code to use a country mirror archive, e.g. "GB". A speed test is run and the fastest archive is selected. Country codes: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2
RPOOL="rpool" #Root pool name.
topology_root="single" #"single", "mirror", "raid0", "raidz1", "raidz2", or "raidz3" topology on root pool.
disks_root="1" #Number of disks in array for root pool. Not used with single topology.
EFI_boot_size="512" #EFI boot loader partition size in mebibytes (MiB).
swap_size="500" #Swap partition size in mebibytes (MiB). Size of swap will be larger than defined here with Raidz topologies.
datapool="datapool" #Non-root drive data pool name.
topology_data="single" #"single", "mirror", "raid0", "raidz1", "raidz2", or "raidz3" topology on data pool.
disks_data="1" #Number of disks in array for data pool. Not used with single topology.
zfs_data_password="testtest" #If no root pool password is set, a data pool password can be set here. Minimum 8 characters. "" for no password protection.
zfs_data_encrypt="native" #Encryption type. "native" for native zfs encryption. "luks" for luks. Required if there is a data pool password, otherwise ignored.
datapoolmount="/mnt/$datapool" #Non-root drive data pool mount point in new install.
zfs_dpool_ashift="12" #See notes for rpool ashift. If ashift is set too low, a significant read/write penalty is incurred. Virtually no penalty if set higher.
zfs_compression="zstd" #"lz4" is the zfs default; "zstd" may offer better compression at a cost of higher cpu usage.
mountpoint="/mnt/ub_server" #Mountpoint in live iso.
remoteaccess_first_boot="no" #"yes" to enable remoteaccess during first boot. Recommend leaving as "no" and run script with "remoteaccess". See notes in section above.
timeout_rEFInd="3" #Timeout in seconds for rEFInd boot screen until default choice selected.
timeout_zbm_no_remote_access="3" #Timeout in seconds for zfsbootmenu when no remote access enabled.
timeout_zbm_remote_access="45" #Timeout in seconds for zfsbootmenu when remote access enabled. The password prompt for an encrypted root pool with allow an indefinite time to connect. An unencrypted root pool will boot the system when the timer runs out, preventing remote access.
quiet_boot="yes" #Set to "no" to show boot sequence.
ethprefix="e" #First letter of ethernet interface. Used to identify ethernet interface to setup networking in new install.
install_log="ubuntu_setup_zfs_root.log" #Installation log filename.
log_loc="/var/log" #Installation log location.
ipv6_apt_fix_live_iso="no" #Try setting to "yes" gif apt-get is slow in the ubuntu live iso. Doesn't affect ipv6 functionality in the new install.
remoteaccess_hostname="zbm" #Name to identify the zfsbootmenu system on the network.
remoteaccess_ip_config="dhcp" #"dhcp", "dhcp,dhcp6", "dhcp6", or "static". Automatic (dhcp) or static IP assignment for zfsbootmenu remote access.
remoteaccess_ip="192.168.0.222" #Remote access static IP address to connect to ZFSBootMenu. Not used for automatic IP configuration.
remoteaccess_netmask="255.255.255.0" #Remote access subnet mask. Not used for "dhcp" automatic IP configuration.
ubuntu_original="http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu" #Default ubuntu repository.
install_warning_level="PRIORITY=critical" #"PRIORITY=critical", or "FRONTEND=noninteractive". Pause install to show critical messages only or do not pause (noninteractive). Script still pauses for keyboard selection.
extra_programs="no" #"yes", or "no". Install additional programs if not included in the ubuntu distro package. Programs: cifs-utils, locate, man-db, openssh-server, tldr.
##Check for root priviliges
if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Please run as root."
exit 1
fi
##Check for EFI boot environment
if [ -d /sys/firmware/efi ]; then
echo "Boot environment check passed. Found EFI boot environment."
else
echo "Boot environment check failed. EFI boot environment not found. Script requires EFI."
exit 1
fi
##Check encryption defined if password defined
if [ -n "$zfs_root_password" ];
then
if [ -z $zfs_root_encrypt ];
then
echo "Password entered but no encryption method defined. Please define the zfs_root_encrypt variable."
else true
fi
else true
fi
##Functions
live_desktop_check(){
##Check for live desktop environment
if [ "$(dpkg -l ubuntu-desktop)" ];
then
echo "Desktop environment test passed."
if grep casper /proc/cmdline >/dev/null 2>&1;
then
echo "Live environment present."
else
echo "Live environment test failed. Run script from a live desktop environment."
exit 1
fi
else
echo "Desktop environment test failed. Run script from a live desktop environment."
exit 1
fi
##Check live desktop version
live_desktop_version="$( . /etc/os-release && echo ${VERSION_CODENAME} )"
if [ $(echo "${live_desktop_version}" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') = $(echo "${ubuntuver}" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]') ];
then
echo "Live environment version test passed."
else
##The zfs pool will be created with the zfs version of the live environment.
##If the zfs version is older in the distro to be installed than in the live environment then zfsbootmenu may be unable to mount the root pool at boot.
##The system will then fail to load. The reason is that Zfsbootmenu is installed with the zfs version in the distro to be installed, not the version in the live environment.
echo "Live environment version test failed."
echo "The live environment version does not match the Ubuntu version to be installed. Re-run script from an environment which matches the version to be installed. This is to avoid zfs version conflicts."
exit 1
fi
}
keyboard_console_settings(){
kb_console_settings=/tmp/kb_console_selections.conf
apt install -y debconf-utils
export DEBIAN_PRIORITY=high
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=dialog
dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
export DEBIAN_"${install_warning_level}"
debconf-get-selections | grep keyboard-configuration | tee "${kb_console_settings}"
debconf-get-selections | grep console-setup | tee -a "${kb_console_settings}"
}
topology_min_disk_check(){
##Check that number of disks meets minimum number for selected topology. Disks_{root,data} variable ignored for single topology.
pool="$1"
echo "Checking script variables for $pool pool..."
topology_pool_pointer="topology_$pool"
eval echo "User defined topology for ${pool} pool: \$${topology_pool_pointer}"
eval topology_pool_pointer="\$${topology_pool_pointer}"
topology_pool_pointer_tmp="/tmp/topology_pool_pointer.txt"
printf "%s" "${topology_pool_pointer}" > "${topology_pool_pointer_tmp}"
disks_pointer="disks_${pool}"
eval echo "User defined number of disks in pool: \$${disks_pointer}"
eval disks_pointer=\$"${disks_pointer}"
disks_pointer_tmp="/tmp/disks_pointer.txt"
printf "%s" "${disks_pointer}" > "${disks_pointer_tmp}"
num_disks_check(){
min_num_disks="$1"
if [ "$disks_pointer" -lt "$min_num_disks" ]
then
echo "A ${topology_pool_pointer} topology requires at least ${min_num_disks} disks. Check variable for number of disks or change the selected topology."
exit 1
else true
fi
}
case "$topology_pool_pointer" in
single) true ;;
mirror|raid0|raidz1)
num_disks_check "2"
;;
raidz2)
num_disks_check "3"
;;
raidz3)
num_disks_check "4"
;;
*)
echo "Pool topology not recognised. Check pool topology variable."
exit 1
;;
esac
printf "%s\n\n" "Minimum disk topology check passed for $pool pool."
}
logFunc(){
# Log everything we do
exec > >(tee -a "$log_loc"/"$install_log") 2>&1
}
disclaimer(){
echo "***WARNING*** This script could wipe out all your data, or worse! I am not responsible for your decisions. Press Enter to Continue or CTRL+C to abort."
read -r _
}
connectivity_check(){
##https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/190610
test_site=google.com
if nc -zw1 "${test_site}" 443
then
echo "Internet connectivity test passed."
else
echo "No internet connectivity available. Please check connectivity."
exit 1
fi
}
getdiskID(){
pool="$1"
diskidnum="$2"
total_discs="$3"
##Get disk ID(s)
manual_read(){
ls -la /dev/disk/by-id
echo "Enter Disk ID for disk $diskidnum of $total_discs on $pool pool (must match exactly):"
read -r DISKID
}
#manual_read
menu_read(){
diskidmenu_loc="/tmp/diskidmenu.txt"
ls -la /dev/disk/by-id | awk '{ print $9, $11 }' | sed -e '1,3d' | grep -v "part\|CD-ROM" > "$diskidmenu_loc"
echo "Please enter Disk ID option for disk $diskidnum of $total_discs on $pool pool."
nl "$diskidmenu_loc"
count="$(wc -l "$diskidmenu_loc" | cut -f 1 -d' ')"
n=""
while true;
do
read -r -p 'Select option: ' n
if [ "$n" -eq "$n" ] && [ "$n" -gt 0 ] && [ "$n" -le "$count" ]; then
break
fi
done
DISKID="$(sed -n "${n}p" "$diskidmenu_loc" | awk '{ print $1 }' )"
printf "%s\n\n" "Option number $n selected: '$DISKID'"
}
menu_read
#DISKID=ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VBXXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX ##manual override
##error check
errchk="$(find /dev/disk/by-id -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -name "$DISKID")"
if [ -z "$errchk" ];
then
echo "Disk ID not found. Exiting."
exit 1
fi
errchk="$(grep "$DISKID" /tmp/diskid_check_"${pool}".txt || true)"
if [ -n "$errchk" ];
then
echo "Disk ID has already been entered. Exiting."
exit 1
fi
printf "%s\n" "$DISKID" >> /tmp/diskid_check_"${pool}".txt
}
getdiskID_pool(){
pool="$1"
##Check that number of disks meets minimum number for selected topology.
topology_min_disk_check "$pool"
echo "Carefully enter the ID of the disk(s) YOU WANT TO DESTROY in the next step to ensure no data is accidentally lost."
##Create temp file to check for duplicated disk ID entry.
true > /tmp/diskid_check_"${pool}".txt
case "$topology_pool_pointer" in
single)
echo "The $pool pool disk topology is a single disk."
getdiskID "$pool" "1" "1"
;;
mirror|raid0|raidz*)
echo "The $pool pool disk topology is $topology_pool_pointer with $disks_pointer disks."
diskidnum="1"
while [ "$diskidnum" -le "$disks_pointer" ];
do
getdiskID "$pool" "$diskidnum" "$disks_pointer"
diskidnum=$(( diskidnum + 1 ))
done
;;
*)
echo "Pool topology not recognised. Check pool topology variable."
exit 1
;;
esac
}
clear_partition_table(){
pool="$1" #root or data
while IFS= read -r diskidnum;
do
echo "Clearing partition table on disk ${diskidnum}."
sgdisk --zap-all /dev/disk/by-id/"$diskidnum"
done < /tmp/diskid_check_"${pool}".txt
}
identify_ubuntu_dataset_uuid(){
rootzfs_full_name=0
rootzfs_full_name="$(zfs list -o name | awk '/ROOT\/ubuntu/{print $1;exit}'|sed -e 's,^.*/,,')"
}
ipv6_apt_live_iso_fix(){
##Try diabling ipv6 in the live iso if setting the preference to ipv4 doesn't work \
## to resolve slow apt-get and slow debootstrap in the live Ubuntu iso.
##https://askubuntu.com/questions/620317/apt-get-update-stuck-connecting-to-security-ubuntu-com
prefer_ipv4(){
sed -i 's,#precedence ::ffff:0:0/96 100,precedence ::ffff:0:0/96 100,' /etc/gai.conf
}
dis_ipv6(){
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<-EOF
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
#net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
#net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
EOF
tail -n 3 /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo netplan apply
}
if [ "$ipv6_apt_fix_live_iso" = "yes" ]; then
prefer_ipv4
#dis_ipv6
else
true
fi
}
identify_apt_data_sources(){
if [ -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources ];
then
apt_data_sources_loc="/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources"
else
apt_data_sources_loc="/etc/apt/sources.list"
fi
}
apt_sources(){
##Initial system apt sources config
script_env="$1" ##chroot, base
source_archive="$2"
cat > /tmp/apt_sources.sh <<-EOF
#!/bin/sh
if [ -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources ];
then
apt_data_sources_loc="/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources"
cp "\${apt_data_sources_loc}" "\${apt_data_sources_loc}".orig
if [ "${ubuntu_original}" != "${source_archive}" ];
then
sed -i 's,${ubuntu_original},${source_archive},g' "\${apt_data_sources_loc}"
else true
fi
else
apt_data_sources_loc="/etc/apt/sources.list"
cp "\${apt_data_sources_loc}" "\${apt_data_sources_loc}".orig
cat > "\${apt_data_sources_loc}" <<-EOLIST
deb ${ubuntu_original} $ubuntuver main universe restricted multiverse
#deb-src ${ubuntu_original} $ubuntuver main universe restricted multiverse
deb ${ubuntu_original} $ubuntuver-updates main universe restricted multiverse
#deb-src ${ubuntu_original} $ubuntuver-updates main universe restricted multiverse
deb ${ubuntu_original} $ubuntuver-backports main universe restricted multiverse
#deb-src ${ubuntu_original} $ubuntuver-backports main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $ubuntuver-security main universe restricted multiverse
#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $ubuntuver-security main universe restricted multiverse
EOLIST
if [ "${ubuntu_original}" != "${source_archive}" ];
then
cp "\${apt_data_sources_loc}" "\${apt_data_sources_loc}".non-mirror
sed -i 's,${ubuntu_original},${source_archive},g' "\${apt_data_sources_loc}"
else true
fi
fi
EOF
case "${script_env}" in
chroot)
cp /tmp/apt_sources.sh "$mountpoint"/tmp
chroot "$mountpoint" /bin/bash -x /tmp/apt_sources.sh
;;
base)
/bin/bash /tmp/apt_sources.sh
;;
*)
exit 1
;;
esac
}
apt_mirror_source(){
identify_apt_data_sources
identify_apt_mirror(){
##Identify fastest mirror.
echo "Choosing fastest up-to-date ubuntu mirror based on download speed."
apt update
apt install -y curl
ubuntu_mirror=$({
##Choose mirrors that are up-to-date by checking the Last-Modified header.
##https://github.com/actions/runner-images/issues/675#issuecomment-1381837292
{
curl -s http://mirrors.ubuntu.com/"${mirror_archive}".txt | shuf -n 20
} | xargs -I {} sh -c 'echo "$(curl -m 5 -sI {}dists/$(lsb_release -c | cut -f2)-security/Contents-$(dpkg --print-architecture).gz | sed s/\\r\$//|grep Last-Modified|awk -F": " "{ print \$2 }" | LANG=C date -f- -u +%s)" "{}"' | sort -rg | awk '{ if (NR==1) TS=$1; if ($1 == TS) print $2 }'
} | xargs -I {} sh -c 'echo "$(curl -r 0-102400 -m 5 -s -w %{speed_download} -o /dev/null {}ls-lR.gz)" {}' \
| sort -g -r | head -1 | awk '{ print $2 }')
}
identify_apt_mirror
if [ -z "${ubuntu_mirror}" ];
then
echo "No mirror identified. No changes made."
else
if [ "${ubuntu_original}" != "${ubuntu_mirror}" ];
then
cp "${apt_data_sources_loc}" "${apt_data_sources_loc}".non-mirror
sed -i "s,${ubuntu_original},${ubuntu_mirror},g" "${apt_data_sources_loc}"
echo "Selected '${ubuntu_mirror}'."
else
echo "Identified mirror is already selected. No changes made."
fi
fi
}
reinstate_apt(){
script_env="$1" ##chroot, base
cat > /tmp/reinstate_apt.sh <<-EOF
#!/bin/sh
if [ -n "${mirror_archive}" ];
then
if [ -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources ];
then
apt_data_sources_loc="/etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources"
else
apt_data_sources_loc="/etc/apt/sources.list"
fi
cp "\${apt_data_sources_loc}" /tmp
if [ -f "\${apt_data_sources_loc}".non-mirror ];
then
cp "\${apt_data_sources_loc}".non-mirror /tmp
mv "\${apt_data_sources_loc}".non-mirror "\${apt_data_sources_loc}"
else true
fi
else true
fi
if [ -f /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/30apt_error_on_transient ];
then
mv /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/30apt_error_on_transient /tmp ##Remove apt update error on transient in new install.
else true
fi
EOF
case "${script_env}" in
chroot)
cp /tmp/reinstate_apt.sh "$mountpoint"/tmp
chroot "$mountpoint" /bin/bash -x /tmp/reinstate_apt.sh
;;
base)
/bin/bash /tmp/reinstate_apt.sh
;;
*)
exit 1
;;
esac
}
logcopy(){
##Copy install log to new installation.
if [ -d "$mountpoint" ]; then
cp "$log_loc"/"$install_log" "$mountpoint""$log_loc"
echo "Log file copied into new installation at ${log_loc}."
else
echo "No mountpoint dir present. Install log not copied."
fi
}
script_copy(){
##Copy script to new installation
cp "$(readlink -f "$0")" "$mountpoint"/home/"${user}"/
script_new_install_loc=/home/"${user}"/"$(basename "$0")"
chroot "$mountpoint" /bin/bash -x <<-EOCHROOT
chown "${user}":"${user}" "$script_new_install_loc"
chmod +x "$script_new_install_loc"
EOCHROOT
if [ -f "$mountpoint""$script_new_install_loc" ];
then
echo "Install script copied to ${user} home directory in new installation."
else
echo "Error copying install script to new installation."
fi
}
create_zpool_Func(){
##Create zfs pool
pool=$1 ##root, data
##Set pool variables
case "$pool" in
root)
ashift="$zfs_rpool_ashift"
keylocation="prompt"
zpool_password="$zfs_root_password"
zpool_encrypt="$zfs_root_encrypt"
zpool_partition="-part3"
zpool_name="$RPOOL"
topology_pool="${topology_root}"
;;
data)
ashift="$zfs_dpool_ashift"
if [ -n "$zfs_root_password" ];
then
##Set data pool key to use rpool key for single unlock at boot. So data pool uses the same password as the root pool.
case "$zfs_root_encrypt" in
native)
datapool_keyloc="/etc/zfs/$RPOOL.key"
;;
luks)
datapool_keyloc="/etc/cryptsetup-keys.d/$RPOOL.key"
;;
esac
keylocation="file://$datapool_keyloc"
else
if [ -n "$zfs_data_password" ];
then
keylocation="prompt"
else
true
fi
fi
zpool_password="$zfs_data_password"
zpool_encrypt="$zfs_data_encrypt"
zpool_partition=""
zpool_name="$datapool"
topology_pool="${topology_data}"
;;
esac
zpool_create_temp="/tmp/${pool}_creation.sh"
cat > "$zpool_create_temp" <<-EOF
zpool create -f \\
-o ashift="$ashift" \\
-o autotrim=on \\
-O acltype=posixacl \\
-O compression=$zfs_compression \\
-O normalization=formD \\
-O relatime=on \\
-O dnodesize=auto \\
-O xattr=sa \\
EOF
case "$pool" in
root)
echo -O canmount=off \\ >> "$zpool_create_temp"
;;
esac
if [ -n "$zpool_password" ];
then
case "$zpool_encrypt" in
native)
echo "-O encryption=aes-256-gcm -O keylocation=$keylocation -O keyformat=passphrase \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
;;
esac
else
true
fi
case "$pool" in
root)
echo "-O mountpoint=/ -R $mountpoint \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
;;
data)
echo "-O mountpoint=$datapoolmount \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
;;
esac
add_zpool_disks(){
loop_counter="$(mktemp)"
echo 1 > "$loop_counter" ##Assign starting counter value.
while IFS= read -r diskidnum;
do
if [ -n "$zpool_password" ];
then
case "$zpool_encrypt" in
native)
echo "/dev/disk/by-id/${diskidnum}${zpool_partition} \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
;;
luks)
echo -e "$zpool_password" | cryptsetup -q luksFormat -c aes-xts-plain64 -s 512 -h sha256 /dev/disk/by-id/${diskidnum}${zpool_partition}
i="$(cat "$loop_counter")"
echo "$i"
luks_dmname_base=luks
luks_dmname=${luks_dmname_base}$i
##Check for luks device name conflict
while [ $(find /dev/mapper -name ${luks_dmname} | wc -l) = 1 ];
do
i=$((i + 1)) ##Increment counter.
luks_dmname=${luks_dmname_base}$i
done
echo -e "$zpool_password" | cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/disk/by-id/${diskidnum}${zpool_partition} "${luks_dmname}"
printf "%s\n" "${luks_dmname}" >> /tmp/luks_dmname_"${pool}".txt
echo "/dev/mapper/${luks_dmname} \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
i=$((i + 1)) ##Increment counter.
echo "$i" > "$loop_counter"
;;
*)
echo "zpool_encrypt variable not recognised."
exit 1
;;
esac
else
echo "/dev/disk/by-id/${diskidnum}${zpool_partition} \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
fi
done < /tmp/diskid_check_"$pool".txt
sed -i '$s,\\,,' "$zpool_create_temp" ##Remove escape character at end of file.
}
case "${topology_pool}" in
single|raid0)
echo "${zpool_name} \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
add_zpool_disks
;;
mirror)
echo "${zpool_name} mirror \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
add_zpool_disks
;;
raidz1)
echo "${zpool_name} raidz1 \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
add_zpool_disks
;;
raidz2)
echo "${zpool_name} raidz2 \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
add_zpool_disks
;;
raidz3)
echo "${zpool_name} raidz3 \\" >> "$zpool_create_temp"
add_zpool_disks
;;
*)
echo "Pool topology not recognised. Check pool topology variable."
exit 1
;;
esac
echo "$zpool_password" | sh "$zpool_create_temp"
}
update_crypttab_Func(){
##Auto unlock using crypttab and keyfile
script_env=$1 ##chroot, base
pool=$2 ##root, data
cat <<-EOH >/tmp/update_crypttab_$pool.sh
##Set pool variables
case "$pool" in
root)
zpool_password="$zfs_root_password"
zpool_partition="-part3"
crypttab_parameters="luks,discard,initramfs"
;;
data)
zpool_password="$zfs_data_password"
zpool_partition=""
crypttab_parameters="luks,discard"
;;
esac
apt install -y cryptsetup
loop_counter="\$(mktemp)"
echo 1 > "\${loop_counter}" ##Assign starting counter value.
while IFS= read -r diskidnum;
do
i="\$(cat "\$loop_counter")"
echo "\$i"
luks_dmname="\$(sed "\${i}q;d" /tmp/luks_dmname_"${pool}".txt)"
blkid_luks="\$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/disk/by-id/\${diskidnum}\${zpool_partition})"
echo "\${zpool_password}" | cryptsetup -v luksAddKey /dev/disk/by-uuid/\${blkid_luks} /etc/cryptsetup-keys.d/$RPOOL.key
cryptsetup luksDump /dev/disk/by-uuid/\${blkid_luks}
##https://cryptsetup-team.pages.debian.net/cryptsetup/README.initramfs.html
echo \${luks_dmname} UUID=\${blkid_luks} /etc/cryptsetup-keys.d/$RPOOL.key \${crypttab_parameters} >> /etc/crypttab
i=\$((i + 1)) ##Increment counter.
echo "\$i" > "\$loop_counter"
done < /tmp/diskid_check_"${pool}".txt
##https://cryptsetup-team.pages.debian.net/cryptsetup/README.initramfs.html
sed -i 's,#KEYFILE_PATTERN=,KEYFILE_PATTERN="/etc/cryptsetup-keys.d/*.key",' /etc/cryptsetup-initramfs/conf-hook
EOH
case "${script_env}" in
chroot)
cp /tmp/diskid_check_"${pool}".txt "$mountpoint"/tmp
cp /tmp/update_crypttab_${pool}.sh "$mountpoint"/tmp
chroot "$mountpoint" /bin/bash -x /tmp/update_crypttab_$pool.sh
;;
base)
##Test for live environment.
if grep casper /proc/cmdline >/dev/null 2>&1;
then
echo "Live environment present. Reboot into new installation."
exit 1
else
/bin/bash /tmp/update_crypttab_$pool.sh
fi
;;
*)
exit 1
;;
esac
}
debootstrap_part1_Func(){
export DEBIAN_"${install_warning_level}"
##Error out script on apt update error such as network failure during package download.
##https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+bug/1693900
cat > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/30apt_error_on_transient <<-EOF
APT::Update::Error-Mode "any";
EOF
##Identify apt sources
identify_apt_data_sources
##Identify live iso default archive
#ubuntu_original="$(grep -v '^ *#\|security\|cdrom\|.*gpg' "${apt_data_sources_loc}" | sed '/^[[:space:]]*$/d' | awk '{ print $2 }' | sort -u | grep ubuntu)"
apt_sources "base" "${ubuntu_original}"
if [ -n "${mirror_archive}" ];
then
apt_mirror_source
else
true
fi
cat "${apt_data_sources_loc}"
#sed -i 's,deb http://security,#deb http://security,' "${apt_data_sources_loc}" ##Uncomment to resolve security pocket time out. Security packages are copied to the other pockets frequently, so should still be available for update. See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/FAQ
trap 'printf "%s\n%s" "The script has experienced an error during the first apt update. That may have been caused by a queried server not responding in time. Try running the script again." "If the issue is the security server not responding, then comment out the security server in the "${apt_data_sources_loc}". Alternatively, you can uncomment the command that does this in the install script. This affects the temporary live iso only. Not the permanent installation."' ERR
apt update
trap - ERR ##Resets the trap to doing nothing when the script experiences an error. The script will still exit on error if "set -e" is set.
keyboard_console_settings #Request keyboard and console settings.
ssh_Func(){
##Setup SSH to allow remote access in live environment
apt install --yes openssh-server
service sshd start
ip addr show scope global | grep inet
}
#ssh_Func
apt-get -yq install debootstrap software-properties-common gdisk zfs-initramfs
if service --status-all | grep -Fq 'zfs-zed'; then
systemctl stop zfs-zed
fi
##Clear partition table
clear_partition_table "root"
partprobe
sleep 2
##Partition disk
partitionsFunc(){
##gdisk hex codes:
##EF02 BIOS boot partitions
##EF00 EFI system
##BE00 Solaris boot
##BF00 Solaris root
##BF01 Solaris /usr & Mac Z
##8200 Linux swap
##8300 Linux file system
##8309 Linux LUKS
##FD00 Linux RAID
case "$topology_root" in
single|mirror)
swap_hex_code="8200"
;;
raid0|raidz*)
swap_hex_code="FD00"
;;
*)
echo "topology_root variable not recognised."
exit 1
;;
esac
if [ -n "$zfs_root_password" ];
then
case "$zfs_root_encrypt" in
native)
root_hex_code="BF00" ##ZFS native encryption
;;
luks)
root_hex_code="FD00" ##luks
;;
*)
echo "zfs_root_encrypt variable not recognised."
exit 1
;;
esac
else
root_hex_code="BF00" ##unencrypted ZFS
fi
while IFS= read -r diskidnum;
do
echo "Creating partitions on disk ${diskidnum}."
##2.3 create bootloader partition
sgdisk -n1:1M:+"${EFI_boot_size}"M -t1:EF00 /dev/disk/by-id/"${diskidnum}"
##2.4 create swap partition
##bug with swap on zfs zvol so use swap on partition:
##https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs/issues/7734
##hibernate needs swap at least same size as RAM
##hibernate only works with unencrypted installs
sgdisk -n2:0:+"${swap_size}"M -t2:"${swap_hex_code}" /dev/disk/by-id/"${diskidnum}"
##2.6 Create root pool partition
sgdisk -n3:0:0 -t3:"${root_hex_code}" /dev/disk/by-id/"${diskidnum}"
done < /tmp/diskid_check_"${pool}".txt
partprobe
sleep 2
}
partitionsFunc
}
debootstrap_createzfspools_Func(){
##Create root pool
create_zpool_Func root
##System installation
mountpointsFunc(){
##zfsbootmenu setup for no separate boot pool
##https://github.com/zbm-dev/zfsbootmenu/wiki/Debian-Buster-installation-with-ESP-on-the-zpool-disk
partprobe
sleep 2
##Create filesystem datasets to act as containers
zfs create -o canmount=off -o mountpoint=none "$RPOOL"/ROOT
##Create root filesystem dataset
rootzfs_full_name="ubuntu.$(date +%Y.%m.%d)"
zfs create -o canmount=noauto -o mountpoint=/ "$RPOOL"/ROOT/"$rootzfs_full_name" ##zfsbootmenu debian guide
##assigns canmount=noauto on any file systems with mountpoint=/ (that is, on any additional boot environments you create).
##With ZFS, it is not normally necessary to use a mount command (either mount or zfs mount).
##This situation is an exception because of canmount=noauto.
zfs mount "$RPOOL"/ROOT/"$rootzfs_full_name"
zpool set bootfs="$RPOOL"/ROOT/"$rootzfs_full_name" "$RPOOL"
##Create datasets
##Aim is to separate OS from user data.
##Allows root filesystem to be rolled back without rolling back user data such as logs.
##https://didrocks.fr/2020/06/16/zfs-focus-on-ubuntu-20.04-lts-zsys-dataset-layout/
##https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/Getting%20Started/Debian/Debian%20Buster%20Root%20on%20ZFS.html#step-3-system-installation
##"-o canmount=off" is for a system directory that should rollback with the rest of the system.
zfs create "$RPOOL"/srv ##server webserver content
zfs create -o canmount=off "$RPOOL"/usr
zfs create "$RPOOL"/usr/local ##locally compiled software
zfs create -o canmount=off "$RPOOL"/var
zfs create -o canmount=off "$RPOOL"/var/lib
zfs create "$RPOOL"/var/games ##game files
zfs create "$RPOOL"/var/log ##log files
zfs create "$RPOOL"/var/mail ##local mails
zfs create "$RPOOL"/var/snap ##snaps handle revisions themselves
zfs create "$RPOOL"/var/spool ##printing tasks
zfs create "$RPOOL"/var/www ##server webserver content
##USERDATA datasets
zfs create "$RPOOL"/home
zfs create -o mountpoint=/root "$RPOOL"/home/root
chmod 700 "$mountpoint"/root
##optional
##exclude from snapshots
zfs create -o com.sun:auto-snapshot=false "$RPOOL"/var/cache
zfs create -o com.sun:auto-snapshot=false "$RPOOL"/var/tmp
chmod 1777 "$mountpoint"/var/tmp
zfs create -o com.sun:auto-snapshot=false "$RPOOL"/var/lib/docker ##Docker manages its own datasets & snapshots
##Mount a tempfs at /run
mkdir "$mountpoint"/run
mount -t tmpfs tmpfs "$mountpoint"/run
}
mountpointsFunc
}
debootstrap_installminsys_Func(){
##Install minimum system
##drivesizecheck
FREE="$(df -k --output=avail "$mountpoint" | tail -n1)"
if [ "$FREE" -lt 5242880 ]; then # 15G = 15728640 = 15*1024*1024k