print formatting

/*
Ref: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/data/numberformat.html
integer format with string
*/

An Example

The following table lists some of the converters and flags that are used in the sample program, TestFormat.java, that follows the table.
Converters and Flags Used in TestFormat.java Converter 	Flag 	Explanation
d 	  	  A decimal integer.
f 	  	  A float.
n 	  	  A new line character appropriate to the platform running the application. You should always use %n, rather than \n.
tB 	  	  A date & time conversion—locale-specific full name of month.
td, te 	 	A date & time conversion—2-digit day of month. td has leading zeroes as needed, te does not.
ty, tY 	 	A date & time conversion—ty = 2-digit year, tY = 4-digit year.
tl 	    	A date & time conversion—hour in 12-hour clock.
tM 	    	A date & time conversion—minutes in 2 digits, with leading zeroes as necessary.
tp 	    	A date & time conversion—locale-specific am/pm (lower case).
tm 	    	A date & time conversion—months in 2 digits, with leading zeroes as necessary.
tD 	    	A date & time conversion—date as %tm%td%ty

08    	Eight characters in width, with leading zeroes as necessary.
+ 	    Includes sign, whether positive or negative.
, 	    Includes locale-specific grouping characters.
- 	    Left-justified..
.3 	    Three places after decimal point.
10.3  	Ten characters in width, right justified, with three places after decimal point.

The following program shows some of the formatting that you can do with format. The output is shown within double quotes in the embedded comment:

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Locale;

public class TestFormat {
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
      long n = 461012;
      System.out.format("%d%n", n);      //  -->  "461012"
      System.out.format("%08d%n", n);    //  -->  "00461012"
      System.out.format("%+8d%n", n);    //  -->  " +461012"
      System.out.format("%,8d%n", n);    // -->  " 461,012"
      System.out.format("%+,8d%n%n", n); //  -->  "+461,012"
      
      double pi = Math.PI;

      System.out.format("%f%n", pi);       // -->  "3.141593"
      System.out.format("%.3f%n", pi);     // -->  "3.142"
      System.out.format("%10.3f%n", pi);   // -->  "     3.142"
      System.out.format("%-10.3f%n", pi);  // -->  "3.142"
      System.out.format(Locale.FRANCE,
                        "%-10.4f%n%n", pi); // -->  "3,1416"

      Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
      System.out.format("%tB %te, %tY%n", c, c, c); // -->  "May 29, 2006"

      System.out.format("%tl:%tM %tp%n", c, c, c);  // -->  "2:34 am"

      System.out.format("%tD%n", c);    // -->  "05/29/06"
    }
}




System.out.printf("%-14s %03d %n", s1, x); 
================================
java           100 
cpp            065 
python         050 
================================



System.out.printf("%-14s %09d %n", s1, x); 
================================
java           000000100 
cpp            000000065 
python         000000050 
================================



System.out.printf("%-14s %15d %n", s1, x); 
Your Output (stdout)
================================
java                       100 
cpp                         65 
python                      50 
================================




System.out.printf("%14s %03d %n", s1, x); 
Your Output (stdout)

================================
          java 100 
           cpp 065 
        python 050 
================================


System.out.printf("%-14s %04d %n", s1, x); 
================================
java           0100 
cpp            0065 
python         0050 
================================