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<h1 class="entry-title">Python时间操作</h1>
<p class="meta"><time datetime="2014-07-08T00:00:00+08:00" pubdate>Tue 08 July 2014</time></p>
</header>
<div class="entry-content"><p>所有日期、时间的api都在datetime模块内。 <br />
参考<a href="http://tulpar008.github.io/ge-shi-hua-zi-fu-chuan-shi-jian.html">时间格式化字符串</a></p>
<h3>1. datetime => string</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">now</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">Y</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">%</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="err">输出</span><span class="mi">2012</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">05</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mf">23.870105</span>
</pre></div>
<p>strftime是datetime类的实例方法。</p>
<h3>2. string => datetime</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">t_str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="mi">2012</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">05</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="err">'</span>
<span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t_str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">Y</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">%</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>strptime是datetime类的静态方法。</p>
<h3>3.时间的比较</h3>
<h5>在datetime模块中有timedelta类，这个类的对象用于表示一个时间间隔，比如两个日期或者时间的差别。</h5>
<p>构造方法： </p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">seconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">microseconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">milliseconds</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">minutes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">hours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weeks</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>所有的参数都有默认值0，这些参数可以是int或float，正的或负的。 </p>
<p>可以通过timedelta.days、tiemdelta.seconds等获取相应的时间值。</p>
<h5>通过这个类可以很方便的实现一些功能，如</h5>
<ol>
<li>两个日期相差多少。</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">d1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="mi">2012</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">05</span> <span class="mi">17</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">41</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">Y</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">%</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">d2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">strptime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="mi">2012</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">03</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mo">02</span> <span class="mi">17</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">41</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="err">'</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">Y</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">%</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">delta</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">d1</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">d2</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="n">delta</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">days</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="n">delta</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">hours</span>
</pre></div>
<p>输出：<code>3 72</code></p>
<ol>
<li>今天的n天后的日期。</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">delta</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">timedelta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">days</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">n_days</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">now</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">delta</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="n">n_days</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">strftime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">Y</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="o">-%</span><span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">%</span><span class="n">H</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="o">:%</span><span class="n">S</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>输出：<code>2012-03-08 17:44:50</code></p></div>
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