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<h1><a href="http://wbowam.github.io/python-shi-li-fang-fa-jing-tai-fang-fa-lei-fang-fa.html"> python 实例方法，静态方法，类方法 </a></h1>
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<h3 id="_1">实例方法（@郭叔）<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>字面意思：实例的方法，即只有实例能使用的方法，相对于类方法和静态方法。</p>
<h5 id="self">实例方法的第一个参数默认为self，代指实例。<a class="headerlink" href="#self" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h5>
<p>如：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">class</span> <span class="n">Foo</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="err">##</span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="err">是生成实例时默认调用的实例方法</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">用于初始化详细见</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">__init__</span><span class="err">方法</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="err">#</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="err">###第一个参数默认为</span><span class="n">self</span>
<span class="n">def</span> <span class="n">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">author</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"Tulpar"</span>
<span class="err">##又一个实例方法</span>
<span class="n">def</span> <span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="s">"Created by %s"</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">author</span>
</pre></div>
<h5 id="selfguoshu">self不是一个关键字，而是约定的写法。也可以换成任意字符串，如'guoshu'<a class="headerlink" href="#selfguoshu" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h5>
<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="err">###第一个参数默认为</span><span class="n">guoshu</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="err">作用和</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="err">一样</span>
<span class="n">def</span> <span class="n">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">guoshu</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">guoshu</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">name</span>
<span class="n">guoshu</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">author</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"Tulpar"</span>
<span class="err">##又一个实例方法</span>
<span class="n">def</span> <span class="n">hi</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">guoshu</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="n">guoshu</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="s">"Created by %s"</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="n">guoshu</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">author</span>
</pre></div>
<h3 id="_2">静态方法<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>静态方法是一种普通函数，就位于类定义的命名空间中，它不会对任何实例类型进行操作。使用装饰器@staticmethod定义静态方法。类对象和实例都可以调用静态方法</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">class</span> <span class="n">Foo</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="err">##静态方法走起</span>
<span class="err">@</span><span class="n">staticmethod</span>
<span class="n">def</span> <span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">print</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">b</span>
</pre></div>
<p>运行结果</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="cp">###生成实例f1</span>
<span class="o">></span><span class="n">f1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="err">'果树'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="cp">###实例能用静态方法</span>
<span class="o">></span><span class="n">f1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="cp">###类对象也能使用静态方法</span>
<span class="o">></span><span class="n">Foo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="cp">###输出结果</span>
<span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="mi">8</span>
</pre></div>
<h3 id="_3">类方法<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p>正在更新！！</p>
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<h4>Published</h4>
<time pubdate="pubdate" datetime="2014-07-07T00:00:00+08:00">Jul 7, 2014</time>
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