diff --git a/LogicAndSetTheory/05_set_theory.tex b/LogicAndSetTheory/05_set_theory.tex index 5e014d8..3069c10 100644 --- a/LogicAndSetTheory/05_set_theory.tex +++ b/LogicAndSetTheory/05_set_theory.tex @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ \subsection{Axioms of \texorpdfstring{$\mathsf{ZF}$}{ZF}} We now define the axioms (there are 2 + 4 + 3 axioms) of $\mathsf{ZF}$ set theory. \begin{enumerate} - \item \vocab{Axiom of Existensionality (Ext)} \\ + \item \vocab{Axiom of Extensionality (Ext)} \\ `If two sets have the same members, then they are equal' \begin{align*} (\forall x)(\forall y)((\forall z)(z \in x \Leftrightarrow z \in y) \implies x = y) @@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ \subsection{Axioms of \texorpdfstring{$\mathsf{ZF}$}{ZF}} \begin{example} For instance, $p(\varnothing)$ is the sentence $(\exists x)((\forall y)(\neg y \in x) \wedge p(x))$. \end{example} + + Strictly speaking, this axiom is not needed as it follows from (Sep). + Indeed, in a structure $V$, we can pick any set $x$ and form the set $\{y \in x : \neg (y = y)\}$ by (Sep). + However, if in first-order logic we allow the empty set as a structure, then (Emp) is needed (or some axiom asserting the existence of some set). \item \vocab{Pair-set Axiom (Pair)} \\ `We can form unordered pairs' \begin{align*} @@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ \subsection{Axioms of \texorpdfstring{$\mathsf{ZF}$}{ZF}} We can define abbreviations: \\ ``$x$ is finite'' for $(\exists y)(y \in \omega \wedge (\exists f)(f : x \to y \wedge \text{`$f$ is bijective'}))$; \\ - ``$x$ is countable'' for $(\exists f)(f : x \to \omega \wedge \text{`$f$ in injective'})$. + ``$x$ is countable'' for $(\exists f)(f : x \to \omega \wedge \text{`$f$ is injective'})$. \item \vocab{Axiom of Replacement (Rep)} \\ (Inf) says that there exist sets containing $0, 1, 2, 3, \dots$ @@ -171,7 +175,7 @@ \subsection{Axioms of \texorpdfstring{$\mathsf{ZF}$}{ZF}} \begin{example} ~\vspace*{-1.5\baselineskip} \begin{itemize} \item For instance, $V$ is a class, taking $p$ to be $x = x$. - \item The set of sets of size $1$ in a class, e.g. take $p$ to be $(\exists y)(x = \{y\})$ + \item The set of sets of size $1$ is a class, e.g. take $p$ to be $(\exists y)(x = \{y\})$ \item There is a class of infinite sets, taking $p$ to be `$x$ is not finite'. \item For any $t \in V$, the collection of $x$ with $t \in x$ is a class; here, $t$ is a parameter to the class. \item Every set $y \in V$ is a class by setting $p$ to be $x \in y$. diff --git a/LogicAndSetTheory/logicandsettheory.pdf b/LogicAndSetTheory/logicandsettheory.pdf index 06fb6f9..0cee45b 100644 Binary files a/LogicAndSetTheory/logicandsettheory.pdf and b/LogicAndSetTheory/logicandsettheory.pdf differ