From c83597c6710ab27165ca43dcaa46cf7fea41f34d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Alexander J. Pfleger" <70842573+AJPfleger@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2024 10:32:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] refactor: explicit constructors (non-core) (#3761)

---
 .../Algorithms/Alignment/src/AlignmentAlgorithmFunction.cpp | 2 +-
 .../ActsExamples/Digitization/DigitizationConfig.hpp        | 2 +-
 .../Algorithms/Digitization/src/MeasurementCreation.cpp     | 3 ++-
 .../include/ActsExamples/Geant4/MaterialPhysicsList.hpp     | 6 +++---
 .../include/ActsExamples/Geant4/PhysicsListFactory.hpp      | 2 +-
 .../include/ActsExamples/Geant4/SteppingActionList.hpp      | 2 +-
 Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/EventAction.hpp         | 2 +-
 Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/SteppingAction.hpp      | 2 +-
 .../ActsExamples/Generators/MultiplicityGenerators.hpp      | 4 ++--
 .../ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.cpp | 4 ++--
 .../ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.hpp | 2 +-
 .../ActsExamples/Generators/Pythia8ProcessGenerator.cpp     | 6 ++++--
 .../ActsExamples/Propagation/PropagatorInterface.hpp        | 2 +-
 .../TrackFinding/src/TrackFindingAlgorithmFunction.cpp      | 2 +-
 .../Vertexing/src/AdaptiveMultiVertexFinderAlgorithm.cpp    | 3 ++-
 .../include/ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepDetector.hpp  | 3 ++-
 .../ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepGeometryService.hpp   | 2 +-
 .../include/ActsExamples/MagneticField/ScalableBField.hpp   | 2 +-
 .../MuonSpectrometerMockupDetector/MockupSectorBuilder.hpp  | 2 +-
 .../include/ActsExamples/TGeoDetector/TGeoDetector.hpp      | 2 +-
 Examples/Framework/ML/src/NeuralCalibrator.cpp              | 3 ++-
 .../include/ActsExamples/EventData/Measurement.hpp          | 6 +++---
 .../include/ActsExamples/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.hpp    | 2 +-
 .../Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/SimVertex.hpp  | 5 +++--
 .../include/ActsExamples/EventData/SpacePointContainer.hpp  | 6 ++++--
 .../include/ActsExamples/Framework/RandomNumbers.hpp        | 2 +-
 .../Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/Sequencer.hpp  | 2 +-
 .../Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/WhiteBoard.hpp | 2 +-
 .../Framework/include/ActsExamples/Utilities/tbbWrap.hpp    | 2 +-
 Examples/Framework/src/EventData/MeasurementCalibration.cpp | 3 ++-
 Examples/Framework/src/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.cpp      | 3 ++-
 Examples/Framework/src/Framework/Sequencer.cpp              | 2 +-
 Examples/HelloWorld/HelloLoggerAlgorithm.hpp                | 2 +-
 .../Io/Csv/include/ActsExamples/Io/Csv/CsvInputOutput.hpp   | 2 +-
 .../Io/Root/detail/NuclearInteractionParametrisation.hpp    | 2 +-
 Examples/Io/Root/src/RootVertexReader.cpp                   | 2 +-
 Examples/Io/Root/src/VertexNTupleWriter.cpp                 | 5 +++--
 Examples/Scripts/TrackingPerformance/TreeReader.h           | 2 +-
 Fatras/include/ActsFatras/Utilities/LandauDistribution.hpp  | 2 +-
 .../include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorStructure.hpp | 6 +++---
 .../Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorSurfaceFactory.hpp    | 2 +-
 .../include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepFieldAdapter.hpp      | 2 +-
 .../Detray/include/Acts/Plugins/Detray/DetrayConverter.hpp  | 5 +++--
 .../Acts/Plugins/Geant4/Geant4PhysicalVolumeSelectors.hpp   | 2 +-
 .../Acts/Plugins/Json/GeometryHierarchyMapJsonConverter.hpp | 2 +-
 .../include/Acts/Plugins/Podio/PodioDynamicColumns.hpp      | 5 +++--
 46 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 60 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Alignment/src/AlignmentAlgorithmFunction.cpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Alignment/src/AlignmentAlgorithmFunction.cpp
index d36a6df9b95..de6780d817b 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Alignment/src/AlignmentAlgorithmFunction.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Alignment/src/AlignmentAlgorithmFunction.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct AlignmentFunctionImpl
     : public ActsExamples::AlignmentAlgorithm::AlignmentFunction {
   Alignment align;
 
-  AlignmentFunctionImpl(Alignment&& a) : align(std::move(a)) {}
+  explicit AlignmentFunctionImpl(Alignment&& a) : align(std::move(a)) {}
 
   ActsExamples::AlignmentAlgorithm::AlignmentResult operator()(
       const std::vector<std::vector<ActsExamples::IndexSourceLink>>&
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Digitization/include/ActsExamples/Digitization/DigitizationConfig.hpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Digitization/include/ActsExamples/Digitization/DigitizationConfig.hpp
index 3521d0bef7d..6a933f50075 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Digitization/include/ActsExamples/Digitization/DigitizationConfig.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Digitization/include/ActsExamples/Digitization/DigitizationConfig.hpp
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class DigitizationConfig {
       bool doMerge, double mergeNsigma, bool mergeCommonCorner,
       Acts::GeometryHierarchyMap<DigiComponentsConfig> &&digiCfgs);
 
-  DigitizationConfig(
+  explicit DigitizationConfig(
       Acts::GeometryHierarchyMap<DigiComponentsConfig> &&digiCfgs);
 
   /// Input collection of simulated hits.
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Digitization/src/MeasurementCreation.cpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Digitization/src/MeasurementCreation.cpp
index 9d5169ca6c9..066901cc0cf 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Digitization/src/MeasurementCreation.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Digitization/src/MeasurementCreation.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ ActsExamples::VariableBoundMeasurementProxy ActsExamples::createMeasurement(
   return Acts::visit_measurement(
       dParams.indices.size(), [&](auto dim) -> VariableBoundMeasurementProxy {
         auto [indices, par, cov] = measurementConstituents<dim>(dParams);
-        return container.emplaceMeasurement<dim>(geometryId, indices, par, cov);
+        return VariableBoundMeasurementProxy{
+            container.emplaceMeasurement<dim>(geometryId, indices, par, cov)};
       });
 }
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/MaterialPhysicsList.hpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/MaterialPhysicsList.hpp
index b53567b77a0..9cfb45d0453 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/MaterialPhysicsList.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/MaterialPhysicsList.hpp
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ class MaterialPhysicsList final : public G4VUserPhysicsList {
   ///
   /// @param cfg the configuration struct for this Stepping action
   /// @param logger is an Acts::Logger for unique logging
-  MaterialPhysicsList(std::unique_ptr<const Acts::Logger> logger =
-                          Acts::getDefaultLogger("MaterialPhysicsList",
-                                                 Acts::Logging::INFO));
+  explicit MaterialPhysicsList(std::unique_ptr<const Acts::Logger> logger =
+                                   Acts::getDefaultLogger("MaterialPhysicsList",
+                                                          Acts::Logging::INFO));
   ~MaterialPhysicsList() override = default;
 
   /// @brief Interface particle construction method
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/PhysicsListFactory.hpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/PhysicsListFactory.hpp
index d3c4b9f33c2..6bbc39b4f04 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/PhysicsListFactory.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/PhysicsListFactory.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class PhysicsListFactoryFunction final : public PhysicsListFactory {
  public:
   using Function = std::function<std::unique_ptr<G4VUserPhysicsList>()>;
 
-  PhysicsListFactoryFunction(Function function);
+  explicit PhysicsListFactoryFunction(Function function);
 
   std::unique_ptr<G4VUserPhysicsList> factorize() const final;
 
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/SteppingActionList.hpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/SteppingActionList.hpp
index 569914007d8..b4a6d7e5d68 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/SteppingActionList.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4/include/ActsExamples/Geant4/SteppingActionList.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class SteppingActionList : public G4UserSteppingAction {
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<G4UserSteppingAction>> actions;
   };
 
-  SteppingActionList(const Config &cfg) : m_cfg(cfg) {}
+  explicit SteppingActionList(const Config &cfg) : m_cfg(cfg) {}
 
   void UserSteppingAction(const G4Step *step) override {
     for (const auto &action : m_cfg.actions) {
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/EventAction.hpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/EventAction.hpp
index 5c078e21cf8..dcf82b9543f 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/EventAction.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/EventAction.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class EventAction final : public G4UserEventAction {
   static EventAction* instance();
 
   /// Construct the action and ensure singleton usage.
-  EventAction(std::vector<std::string> processFilter);
+  explicit EventAction(std::vector<std::string> processFilter);
   ~EventAction() override;
 
   /// Interface method for begin of the event
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/SteppingAction.hpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/SteppingAction.hpp
index 51144f3e83c..c19ed0a8560 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/SteppingAction.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Geant4HepMC/src/SteppingAction.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace ActsExamples::Geant4::HepMC3 {
 /// Collects the particles history.
 class SteppingAction : public G4UserSteppingAction {
  public:
-  SteppingAction(std::vector<std::string> eventRejectionProcess);
+  explicit SteppingAction(std::vector<std::string> eventRejectionProcess);
   ~SteppingAction() override;
 
   /// Static access method to the instance
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/MultiplicityGenerators.hpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/MultiplicityGenerators.hpp
index 42290a5e471..32c6d708235 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/MultiplicityGenerators.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/MultiplicityGenerators.hpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct FixedMultiplicityGenerator
     : public EventGenerator::MultiplicityGenerator {
   std::size_t n = 1;
 
-  FixedMultiplicityGenerator(std::size_t _n) : n{_n} {}
+  explicit FixedMultiplicityGenerator(std::size_t _n) : n{_n} {}
   FixedMultiplicityGenerator() = default;
 
   std::size_t operator()(RandomEngine& /*rng*/) const override { return n; }
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ struct FixedMultiplicityGenerator
 struct PoissonMultiplicityGenerator
     : public EventGenerator::MultiplicityGenerator {
   double mean = 1;
-  PoissonMultiplicityGenerator(double _mean) : mean{_mean} {}
+  explicit PoissonMultiplicityGenerator(double _mean) : mean{_mean} {}
   PoissonMultiplicityGenerator() = default;
 
   std::size_t operator()(RandomEngine& rng) const override {
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.cpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.cpp
index 104c8c0f04d..1e4e227df09 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.cpp
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ ParametricParticleGenerator::operator()(RandomEngine& rng) {
   SimParticleContainer::sequence_type particles;
 
   // create the primary vertex
-  auto& primaryVertex =
-      vertices.emplace_back(0, SimVertex::Vector4(0., 0., 0., 0.));
+  auto& primaryVertex = vertices.emplace_back(
+      SimVertexBarcode{0}, SimVertex::Vector4(0., 0., 0., 0.));
 
   // counter will be reused as barcode particle number which must be non-zero.
   for (std::size_t ip = 1; ip <= m_cfg.numParticles; ++ip) {
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.hpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.hpp
index 3bb8ff9d836..a7d9bfe3e08 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Generators/ActsExamples/Generators/ParametricParticleGenerator.hpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class ParametricParticleGenerator : public EventGenerator::ParticlesGenerator {
     std::optional<double> mass;
   };
 
-  ParametricParticleGenerator(const Config& cfg);
+  explicit ParametricParticleGenerator(const Config& cfg);
 
   /// Generate a single primary vertex with the given number of particles.
   std::pair<SimVertexContainer, SimParticleContainer> operator()(
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/GeneratorsPythia8/ActsExamples/Generators/Pythia8ProcessGenerator.cpp b/Examples/Algorithms/GeneratorsPythia8/ActsExamples/Generators/Pythia8ProcessGenerator.cpp
index e19e785ac5c..ae7c2b85403 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/GeneratorsPythia8/ActsExamples/Generators/Pythia8ProcessGenerator.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/GeneratorsPythia8/ActsExamples/Generators/Pythia8ProcessGenerator.cpp
@@ -121,7 +121,8 @@ Pythia8Generator::operator()(RandomEngine& rng) {
   }
 
   // create the primary vertex
-  vertices.emplace_back(0, SimVertex::Vector4(0., 0., 0., 0.));
+  vertices.emplace_back(SimVertexBarcode{0},
+                        SimVertex::Vector4(0., 0., 0., 0.));
 
   // convert generated final state particles into internal format
   for (int ip = 0; ip < m_pythia8->event.size(); ++ip) {
@@ -166,7 +167,8 @@ Pythia8Generator::operator()(RandomEngine& rng) {
       } else {
         // no matching secondary vertex exists -> create new one
         particleId.setVertexSecondary(vertices.size());
-        auto& vertex = vertices.emplace_back(particleId.vertexId(), pos4);
+        auto& vertex = vertices.emplace_back(
+            static_cast<SimVertexBarcode>(particleId.vertexId()), pos4);
         vertex.outgoing.insert(particleId);
         ACTS_VERBOSE("created new secondary vertex " << pos4.transpose());
       }
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Propagation/include/ActsExamples/Propagation/PropagatorInterface.hpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Propagation/include/ActsExamples/Propagation/PropagatorInterface.hpp
index c063a2a1a48..2aa3b2292ac 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Propagation/include/ActsExamples/Propagation/PropagatorInterface.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Propagation/include/ActsExamples/Propagation/PropagatorInterface.hpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class PropagatorInterface {
 template <typename propagator_t>
 class ConcretePropagator : public PropagatorInterface {
  public:
-  ConcretePropagator(propagator_t propagator)
+  explicit ConcretePropagator(propagator_t propagator)
       : m_propagator{std::move(propagator)} {}
 
   Acts::Result<PropagationOutput> execute(
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/TrackFinding/src/TrackFindingAlgorithmFunction.cpp b/Examples/Algorithms/TrackFinding/src/TrackFindingAlgorithmFunction.cpp
index 65e0cf41970..e9f6ae315f3 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/TrackFinding/src/TrackFindingAlgorithmFunction.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/TrackFinding/src/TrackFindingAlgorithmFunction.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ struct TrackFinderFunctionImpl
     : public ActsExamples::TrackFindingAlgorithm::TrackFinderFunction {
   CKF trackFinder;
 
-  TrackFinderFunctionImpl(CKF&& f) : trackFinder(std::move(f)) {}
+  explicit TrackFinderFunctionImpl(CKF&& f) : trackFinder(std::move(f)) {}
 
   ActsExamples::TrackFindingAlgorithm::TrackFinderResult operator()(
       const ActsExamples::TrackParameters& initialParameters,
diff --git a/Examples/Algorithms/Vertexing/src/AdaptiveMultiVertexFinderAlgorithm.cpp b/Examples/Algorithms/Vertexing/src/AdaptiveMultiVertexFinderAlgorithm.cpp
index 9ef72913e37..5330e55c76c 100644
--- a/Examples/Algorithms/Vertexing/src/AdaptiveMultiVertexFinderAlgorithm.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Algorithms/Vertexing/src/AdaptiveMultiVertexFinderAlgorithm.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,8 @@ ProcessCode AdaptiveMultiVertexFinderAlgorithm::execute(
       // Count the number of particles associated with each vertex
       std::size_t particleCount = 0;
       for (const auto& particle : truthParticles) {
-        if (particle.particleId().vertexId() == truthVertex.vertexId()) {
+        if (static_cast<SimVertexBarcode>(particle.particleId().vertexId()) ==
+            truthVertex.vertexId()) {
           ++particleCount;
         }
       }
diff --git a/Examples/Detectors/DD4hepDetector/include/ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepDetector.hpp b/Examples/Detectors/DD4hepDetector/include/ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepDetector.hpp
index fec8cfdd052..015b511825f 100644
--- a/Examples/Detectors/DD4hepDetector/include/ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepDetector.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Detectors/DD4hepDetector/include/ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepDetector.hpp
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ struct DD4hepDetector {
   DD4hepDetector() = default;
   /// @brief Constructor from geometry service
   /// @param _geometryService the geometry service
-  DD4hepDetector(std::shared_ptr<DD4hepGeometryService> _geometryService);
+  explicit DD4hepDetector(
+      std::shared_ptr<DD4hepGeometryService> _geometryService);
   /// @brief  Default destructor
   ~DD4hepDetector() = default;
 
diff --git a/Examples/Detectors/DD4hepDetector/include/ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepGeometryService.hpp b/Examples/Detectors/DD4hepDetector/include/ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepGeometryService.hpp
index 6fb17141814..9ce1ca5f2e9 100644
--- a/Examples/Detectors/DD4hepDetector/include/ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepGeometryService.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Detectors/DD4hepDetector/include/ActsExamples/DD4hepDetector/DD4hepGeometryService.hpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class DD4hepGeometryService {
         std::make_shared<const Acts::GeometryIdentifierHook>();
   };
 
-  DD4hepGeometryService(const Config& cfg);
+  explicit DD4hepGeometryService(const Config& cfg);
   DD4hepGeometryService(const DD4hepGeometryService&) = delete;
   DD4hepGeometryService(DD4hepGeometryService&&) = delete;
   ~DD4hepGeometryService();
diff --git a/Examples/Detectors/MagneticField/include/ActsExamples/MagneticField/ScalableBField.hpp b/Examples/Detectors/MagneticField/include/ActsExamples/MagneticField/ScalableBField.hpp
index bd7f7af38df..5def5740fa4 100644
--- a/Examples/Detectors/MagneticField/include/ActsExamples/MagneticField/ScalableBField.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Detectors/MagneticField/include/ActsExamples/MagneticField/ScalableBField.hpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class ScalableBField final : public Acts::MagneticFieldProvider {
     Acts::ActsScalar scalor = 1.;
 
     /// @brief constructor with context
-    Cache(const Acts::MagneticFieldContext& mctx) {
+    explicit Cache(const Acts::MagneticFieldContext& mctx) {
       scalor = mctx.get<const ScalableBFieldContext>().scalor;
     }
   };
diff --git a/Examples/Detectors/MuonSpectrometerMockupDetector/include/ActsExamples/MuonSpectrometerMockupDetector/MockupSectorBuilder.hpp b/Examples/Detectors/MuonSpectrometerMockupDetector/include/ActsExamples/MuonSpectrometerMockupDetector/MockupSectorBuilder.hpp
index 62ae610224e..5b349bec9af 100644
--- a/Examples/Detectors/MuonSpectrometerMockupDetector/include/ActsExamples/MuonSpectrometerMockupDetector/MockupSectorBuilder.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Detectors/MuonSpectrometerMockupDetector/include/ActsExamples/MuonSpectrometerMockupDetector/MockupSectorBuilder.hpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class MockupSectorBuilder {
 
   /// Constructor
   ///@param config The configuration struct
-  MockupSectorBuilder(const Config& config);
+  explicit MockupSectorBuilder(const Config& config);
 
   /// Destructor
   ~MockupSectorBuilder() = default;
diff --git a/Examples/Detectors/TGeoDetector/include/ActsExamples/TGeoDetector/TGeoDetector.hpp b/Examples/Detectors/TGeoDetector/include/ActsExamples/TGeoDetector/TGeoDetector.hpp
index 8982e3dbfb9..0fae0df1c5a 100644
--- a/Examples/Detectors/TGeoDetector/include/ActsExamples/TGeoDetector/TGeoDetector.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Detectors/TGeoDetector/include/ActsExamples/TGeoDetector/TGeoDetector.hpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ struct TGeoDetector {
     struct LayerTriplet {
       LayerTriplet() = default;
 
-      LayerTriplet(T value)
+      explicit LayerTriplet(T value)
           : negative{value}, central{value}, positive{value} {}
 
       LayerTriplet(T _negative, T _central, T _positive)
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/ML/src/NeuralCalibrator.cpp b/Examples/Framework/ML/src/NeuralCalibrator.cpp
index 68d24d35468..67c6e76db57 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/ML/src/NeuralCalibrator.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/ML/src/NeuralCalibrator.cpp
@@ -176,7 +176,8 @@ void ActsExamples::NeuralCalibrator::calibrate(
   Acts::visit_measurement(measurement.size(), [&](auto N) -> void {
     constexpr std::size_t kMeasurementSize = decltype(N)::value;
     const ConstFixedBoundMeasurementProxy<kMeasurementSize> fixedMeasurement =
-        measurement;
+        static_cast<ConstFixedBoundMeasurementProxy<kMeasurementSize>>(
+            measurement);
 
     Acts::ActsVector<kMeasurementSize> calibratedParameters =
         fixedMeasurement.parameters();
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/Measurement.hpp b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/Measurement.hpp
index 12286417c61..a0bf4559509 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/Measurement.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/Measurement.hpp
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class MeasurementProxyBase {
   MeasurementProxyBase(Container& container_, Index index_)
       : m_container(&container_), m_index(index_) {}
   template <typename OtherDerived, bool OtherReadOnly>
-  MeasurementProxyBase(
+  explicit MeasurementProxyBase(
       const MeasurementProxyBase<OtherDerived, FullSize, OtherReadOnly>& other)
     requires(ReadOnly == OtherReadOnly || ReadOnly)
       : m_container(&other.container()), m_index(other.index()) {}
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ class FixedMeasurementProxy
     assert(container().m_entries.at(index()).size == Size && "Size mismatch");
   }
   template <typename OtherDerived, bool OtherReadOnly>
-  FixedMeasurementProxy(
+  explicit FixedMeasurementProxy(
       const MeasurementProxyBase<OtherDerived, FullSize, OtherReadOnly>& other)
     requires(ReadOnly == OtherReadOnly || ReadOnly)
       : Base(other) {
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class VariableMeasurementProxy
   VariableMeasurementProxy(Container& container_, Index index_)
       : Base(container_, index_) {}
   template <typename OtherDerived, bool OtherReadOnly>
-  VariableMeasurementProxy(
+  explicit VariableMeasurementProxy(
       const MeasurementProxyBase<OtherDerived, FullSize, OtherReadOnly>& other)
     requires(ReadOnly == OtherReadOnly || ReadOnly)
       : Base(other) {}
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.hpp b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.hpp
index 706ef5291cd..a91b6d840cb 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.hpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class ScalingCalibrator : public MeasurementCalibrator {
     }
   };
 
-  ScalingCalibrator(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+  explicit ScalingCalibrator(const std::filesystem::path& path);
 
   void calibrate(
       const MeasurementContainer& measurements,
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/SimVertex.hpp b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/SimVertex.hpp
index d012ac3eb80..0bdfbb4925c 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/SimVertex.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/SimVertex.hpp
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ class SimVertexBarcode {
   using Value = SimBarcode::Value;
 
   constexpr SimVertexBarcode() = default;
-  constexpr SimVertexBarcode(Value encoded) : m_id(SimBarcode(encoded)) {}
-  constexpr SimVertexBarcode(SimBarcode vertexId)
+  explicit constexpr SimVertexBarcode(Value encoded)
+      : m_id(SimBarcode(encoded)) {}
+  explicit constexpr SimVertexBarcode(SimBarcode vertexId)
       : m_id(vertexId.setParticle(0).setSubParticle(0)) {
     if (vertexId != vertexId.vertexId()) {
       throw std::invalid_argument("SimVertexBarcode: invalid vertexId");
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/SpacePointContainer.hpp b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/SpacePointContainer.hpp
index 14f50ff249a..dbf94345f0a 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/SpacePointContainer.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/EventData/SpacePointContainer.hpp
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@ class SpacePointContainer {
   // the memory backend is independetly handled. This is only interfacing it to
   // ACTS
   SpacePointContainer(CollectionType&& container) = delete;
-  SpacePointContainer(CollectionType& container) : m_storage(container) {}
-  SpacePointContainer(CollectionType* container) : m_storage(container) {}
+  explicit SpacePointContainer(CollectionType& container)
+      : m_storage(container) {}
+  explicit SpacePointContainer(CollectionType* container)
+      : m_storage(container) {}
 
   // No copy constructor or copy operation allowed
   SpacePointContainer(const SpacePointContainer<collection_t>&) = delete;
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/RandomNumbers.hpp b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/RandomNumbers.hpp
index 5389ae5a8b6..6f9f9abbcd6 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/RandomNumbers.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/RandomNumbers.hpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class RandomNumbers {
     std::uint64_t seed = 1234567890u;  ///< random seed
   };
 
-  RandomNumbers(const Config& cfg);
+  explicit RandomNumbers(const Config& cfg);
 
   /// Spawn an algorithm-local random number generator. To avoid inefficiencies
   /// and multiple uses of a given RNG seed, this should only be done once per
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/Sequencer.hpp b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/Sequencer.hpp
index fa1c53618a0..91f229a8c0b 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/Sequencer.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/Sequencer.hpp
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class Sequencer {
     std::size_t fpeStackTraceLength = 8;
   };
 
-  Sequencer(const Config &cfg);
+  explicit Sequencer(const Config &cfg);
 
   /// Add a context decorator to the set of context decorators.
   ///
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/WhiteBoard.hpp b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/WhiteBoard.hpp
index ca5e1904879..777d27fe898 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/WhiteBoard.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Framework/WhiteBoard.hpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class WhiteBoard {
   struct HolderT : public IHolder {
     T value;
 
-    HolderT(T&& v) : value(std::move(v)) {}
+    explicit HolderT(T&& v) : value(std::move(v)) {}
     const std::type_info& type() const override { return typeid(T); }
   };
 
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Utilities/tbbWrap.hpp b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Utilities/tbbWrap.hpp
index 985cbb2180b..84784c55d31 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Utilities/tbbWrap.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/include/ActsExamples/Utilities/tbbWrap.hpp
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class queuing_mutex {
 #endif
     }
 
-    scoped_lock(queuing_mutex& ACTS_EXAMPLES_WITH_TBB(m)) {
+    explicit scoped_lock(queuing_mutex& ACTS_EXAMPLES_WITH_TBB(m)) {
 #ifndef ACTS_EXAMPLES_NO_TBB
       if (enableTBB()) {
         tbb.emplace(*m.tbb);
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/src/EventData/MeasurementCalibration.cpp b/Examples/Framework/src/EventData/MeasurementCalibration.cpp
index 963ef57ea24..b4764844770 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/src/EventData/MeasurementCalibration.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/src/EventData/MeasurementCalibration.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ void ActsExamples::PassThroughCalibrator::calibrate(
   Acts::visit_measurement(measurement.size(), [&](auto N) -> void {
     constexpr std::size_t kMeasurementSize = decltype(N)::value;
     const ConstFixedBoundMeasurementProxy<kMeasurementSize> fixedMeasurement =
-        measurement;
+        static_cast<ConstFixedBoundMeasurementProxy<kMeasurementSize>>(
+            measurement);
 
     trackState.allocateCalibrated(kMeasurementSize);
     trackState.calibrated<kMeasurementSize>() = fixedMeasurement.parameters();
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/src/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.cpp b/Examples/Framework/src/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.cpp
index 12da0078659..ae5c1eca4fe 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/src/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/src/EventData/ScalingCalibrator.cpp
@@ -165,7 +165,8 @@ void ActsExamples::ScalingCalibrator::calibrate(
   Acts::visit_measurement(measurement.size(), [&](auto N) -> void {
     constexpr std::size_t kMeasurementSize = decltype(N)::value;
     const ConstFixedBoundMeasurementProxy<kMeasurementSize> fixedMeasurement =
-        measurement;
+        static_cast<ConstFixedBoundMeasurementProxy<kMeasurementSize>>(
+            measurement);
 
     Acts::ActsVector<kMeasurementSize> calibratedParameters =
         fixedMeasurement.parameters();
diff --git a/Examples/Framework/src/Framework/Sequencer.cpp b/Examples/Framework/src/Framework/Sequencer.cpp
index f6bb69d44c0..5c1a76b5bd4 100644
--- a/Examples/Framework/src/Framework/Sequencer.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Framework/src/Framework/Sequencer.cpp
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ struct StopWatch {
   Timepoint start;
   Duration& store;
 
-  StopWatch(Duration& s) : start(Clock::now()), store(s) {}
+  explicit StopWatch(Duration& s) : start(Clock::now()), store(s) {}
   ~StopWatch() { store += Clock::now() - start; }
 };
 
diff --git a/Examples/HelloWorld/HelloLoggerAlgorithm.hpp b/Examples/HelloWorld/HelloLoggerAlgorithm.hpp
index 934c0b67f5c..3cafd2c4f55 100644
--- a/Examples/HelloWorld/HelloLoggerAlgorithm.hpp
+++ b/Examples/HelloWorld/HelloLoggerAlgorithm.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace ActsExamples {
 /// A simple algorithm that just prints hello world.
 class HelloLoggerAlgorithm : public ActsExamples::IAlgorithm {
  public:
-  HelloLoggerAlgorithm(Acts::Logging::Level level);
+  explicit HelloLoggerAlgorithm(Acts::Logging::Level level);
 
   // Log a few messages.
   ActsExamples::ProcessCode execute(const AlgorithmContext& ctx) const override;
diff --git a/Examples/Io/Csv/include/ActsExamples/Io/Csv/CsvInputOutput.hpp b/Examples/Io/Csv/include/ActsExamples/Io/Csv/CsvInputOutput.hpp
index 7f4e7b894c3..e141f470988 100644
--- a/Examples/Io/Csv/include/ActsExamples/Io/Csv/CsvInputOutput.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Io/Csv/include/ActsExamples/Io/Csv/CsvInputOutput.hpp
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class DsvReader {
   /// Open a file at the given path.
   ///
   /// \param path Path to the input file
-  DsvReader(const std::string& path);
+  explicit DsvReader(const std::string& path);
 
   /// Read the next line from the file.
   ///
diff --git a/Examples/Io/Root/include/ActsExamples/Io/Root/detail/NuclearInteractionParametrisation.hpp b/Examples/Io/Root/include/ActsExamples/Io/Root/detail/NuclearInteractionParametrisation.hpp
index b0a6174a0d6..e00fb79c63a 100644
--- a/Examples/Io/Root/include/ActsExamples/Io/Root/detail/NuclearInteractionParametrisation.hpp
+++ b/Examples/Io/Root/include/ActsExamples/Io/Root/detail/NuclearInteractionParametrisation.hpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ struct EventFraction {
   ///
   /// @param [in] event Tuple containing the initial particle, the particle
   /// before the interaction and all final state particles after the interaction
-  EventFraction(const ActsExamples::ExtractedSimulationProcess& event)
+  explicit EventFraction(const ActsExamples::ExtractedSimulationProcess& event)
       : initialParticle(event.initial),
         interactingParticle(event.before),
         finalParticles(event.after) {}
diff --git a/Examples/Io/Root/src/RootVertexReader.cpp b/Examples/Io/Root/src/RootVertexReader.cpp
index 93a986a6c04..336e0364f9b 100644
--- a/Examples/Io/Root/src/RootVertexReader.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Io/Root/src/RootVertexReader.cpp
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ ProcessCode RootVertexReader::read(const AlgorithmContext& context) {
   for (unsigned int i = 0; i < nVertices; i++) {
     SimVertex v;
 
-    v.id = (*m_vertexId)[i];
+    v.id = SimVertexBarcode{(*m_vertexId)[i]};
     v.process = static_cast<ActsFatras::ProcessType>((*m_process)[i]);
     v.position4 = Acts::Vector4((*m_vx)[i] * Acts::UnitConstants::mm,
                                 (*m_vy)[i] * Acts::UnitConstants::mm,
diff --git a/Examples/Io/Root/src/VertexNTupleWriter.cpp b/Examples/Io/Root/src/VertexNTupleWriter.cpp
index 36c9b7bfb29..c5a800741d3 100644
--- a/Examples/Io/Root/src/VertexNTupleWriter.cpp
+++ b/Examples/Io/Root/src/VertexNTupleWriter.cpp
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ ProcessCode VertexNTupleWriter::writeT(
       fmap[vtxId].second += weight;
     }
     double truthMajorityVertexTrackWeights = 0;
-    SimVertexBarcode truthMajorityVertexId = 0;
+    SimVertexBarcode truthMajorityVertexId{0};
     for (const auto& [vtxId, counter] : fmap) {
       if (counter.second > truthMajorityVertexTrackWeights) {
         truthMajorityVertexId = vtxId;
@@ -629,7 +629,8 @@ ProcessCode VertexNTupleWriter::writeT(
       // Count number of reconstructible tracks on truth vertex
       int nTracksOnTruthVertex = 0;
       for (const auto& particle : selectedParticles) {
-        if (particle.particleId().vertexId() == truthVertex.vertexId()) {
+        if (static_cast<SimVertexBarcode>(particle.particleId().vertexId()) ==
+            truthVertex.vertexId()) {
           ++nTracksOnTruthVertex;
         }
       }
diff --git a/Examples/Scripts/TrackingPerformance/TreeReader.h b/Examples/Scripts/TrackingPerformance/TreeReader.h
index d171fa85b72..4ab47746dc0 100644
--- a/Examples/Scripts/TrackingPerformance/TreeReader.h
+++ b/Examples/Scripts/TrackingPerformance/TreeReader.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ struct ParticleInfo {
 ///
 struct TreeReader {
   // The constructor
-  TreeReader(TTree* tree_) : tree(tree_) {}
+  explicit TreeReader(TTree* tree_) : tree(tree_) {}
 
   // Get entry
   void getEntry(unsigned int i) const {
diff --git a/Fatras/include/ActsFatras/Utilities/LandauDistribution.hpp b/Fatras/include/ActsFatras/Utilities/LandauDistribution.hpp
index 5fe4f57280c..2b29bd89066 100644
--- a/Fatras/include/ActsFatras/Utilities/LandauDistribution.hpp
+++ b/Fatras/include/ActsFatras/Utilities/LandauDistribution.hpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class LandauDistribution {
   /// Construct directly from the distribution parameters.
   LandauDistribution(double location, double scale) : m_cfg(location, scale) {}
   /// Construct from a parameter object.
-  LandauDistribution(const param_type &cfg) : m_cfg(cfg) {}
+  explicit LandauDistribution(const param_type &cfg) : m_cfg(cfg) {}
   // Explicitlely defaulted construction and assignment
   LandauDistribution() = default;
   LandauDistribution(const LandauDistribution &) = default;
diff --git a/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorStructure.hpp b/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorStructure.hpp
index a11601b579b..eb69176aa19 100644
--- a/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorStructure.hpp
+++ b/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorStructure.hpp
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ class DD4hepDetectorStructure {
   /// @param logger is the screen output logger
   ///
   /// @note this needs to be provided
-  DD4hepDetectorStructure(std::unique_ptr<const Logger> logger =
-                              getDefaultLogger("DD4hepLayerStructure",
-                                               Acts::Logging::INFO));
+  explicit DD4hepDetectorStructure(std::unique_ptr<const Logger> logger =
+                                       getDefaultLogger("DD4hepLayerStructure",
+                                                        Acts::Logging::INFO));
 
   DD4hepDetectorStructure() = delete;
 
diff --git a/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorSurfaceFactory.hpp b/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorSurfaceFactory.hpp
index d6855443af2..b120358d537 100644
--- a/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorSurfaceFactory.hpp
+++ b/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepDetectorSurfaceFactory.hpp
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class DD4hepDetectorSurfaceFactory {
   /// The DD4hep detector element factory
   ///
   /// @param mlogger a screen output logger
-  DD4hepDetectorSurfaceFactory(
+  explicit DD4hepDetectorSurfaceFactory(
       std::unique_ptr<const Logger> mlogger = getDefaultLogger(
           "DD4hepDetectorSurfaceFactory", Acts::Logging::INFO));
 
diff --git a/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepFieldAdapter.hpp b/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepFieldAdapter.hpp
index 9d2007235e5..6f7b8077348 100644
--- a/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepFieldAdapter.hpp
+++ b/Plugins/DD4hep/include/Acts/Plugins/DD4hep/DD4hepFieldAdapter.hpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class DD4hepFieldAdapter : public Acts::MagneticFieldProvider {
   struct Cache {};
 
  public:
-  DD4hepFieldAdapter(dd4hep::OverlayedField field);
+  explicit DD4hepFieldAdapter(dd4hep::OverlayedField field);
 
   MagneticFieldProvider::Cache makeCache(
       const Acts::MagneticFieldContext& mctx) const override;
diff --git a/Plugins/Detray/include/Acts/Plugins/Detray/DetrayConverter.hpp b/Plugins/Detray/include/Acts/Plugins/Detray/DetrayConverter.hpp
index 441b8f121f0..104c71e1893 100644
--- a/Plugins/Detray/include/Acts/Plugins/Detray/DetrayConverter.hpp
+++ b/Plugins/Detray/include/Acts/Plugins/Detray/DetrayConverter.hpp
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ class DetrayConverter {
   };
 
   /// Constructor with logger
-  DetrayConverter(std::unique_ptr<const Logger> logger =
-                      getDefaultLogger("DetrayConverter", Logging::INFO));
+  explicit DetrayConverter(
+      std::unique_ptr<const Logger> logger = getDefaultLogger("DetrayConverter",
+                                                              Logging::INFO));
 
   /// Convert an Acts::Experimental::Detector to a detray::detector object
   ///
diff --git a/Plugins/Geant4/include/Acts/Plugins/Geant4/Geant4PhysicalVolumeSelectors.hpp b/Plugins/Geant4/include/Acts/Plugins/Geant4/Geant4PhysicalVolumeSelectors.hpp
index 1fab98ea834..fd05274a34d 100644
--- a/Plugins/Geant4/include/Acts/Plugins/Geant4/Geant4PhysicalVolumeSelectors.hpp
+++ b/Plugins/Geant4/include/Acts/Plugins/Geant4/Geant4PhysicalVolumeSelectors.hpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ struct PositionSelector : public IGeant4PhysicalVolumeSelector {
 
   /// Constructor with arguments
   /// @param ranges the provided map of axes of ranges
-  PositionSelector(
+  explicit PositionSelector(
       const std::map<unsigned int, std::tuple<double, double>>& ranges)
       : m_ranges(ranges) {}
 
diff --git a/Plugins/Json/include/Acts/Plugins/Json/GeometryHierarchyMapJsonConverter.hpp b/Plugins/Json/include/Acts/Plugins/Json/GeometryHierarchyMapJsonConverter.hpp
index 70f070e9dd7..74ce7109975 100644
--- a/Plugins/Json/include/Acts/Plugins/Json/GeometryHierarchyMapJsonConverter.hpp
+++ b/Plugins/Json/include/Acts/Plugins/Json/GeometryHierarchyMapJsonConverter.hpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class GeometryHierarchyMapJsonConverter {
   /// Construct the converter.
   ///
   /// @param valueIdentifier user-defined identifier for the stored value
-  GeometryHierarchyMapJsonConverter(std::string valueIdentifier)
+  explicit GeometryHierarchyMapJsonConverter(std::string valueIdentifier)
       : m_valueIdentifier(std::move(valueIdentifier)) {
     if (m_valueIdentifier.empty()) {
       throw std::invalid_argument("Value identifier must be non-empty");
diff --git a/Plugins/Podio/include/Acts/Plugins/Podio/PodioDynamicColumns.hpp b/Plugins/Podio/include/Acts/Plugins/Podio/PodioDynamicColumns.hpp
index d72e78bd9f2..295937efe7e 100644
--- a/Plugins/Podio/include/Acts/Plugins/Podio/PodioDynamicColumns.hpp
+++ b/Plugins/Podio/include/Acts/Plugins/Podio/PodioDynamicColumns.hpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 namespace Acts::podio_detail {
 
 struct ConstDynamicColumnBase {
-  ConstDynamicColumnBase(std::string_view name) : m_name{name} {}
+  explicit ConstDynamicColumnBase(std::string_view name) : m_name{name} {}
 
   virtual ~ConstDynamicColumnBase() = default;
 
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ struct ConstDynamicColumn : public ConstDynamicColumnBase {
 };
 
 struct DynamicColumnBase : public ConstDynamicColumnBase {
-  DynamicColumnBase(std::string_view name) : ConstDynamicColumnBase{name} {}
+  explicit DynamicColumnBase(std::string_view name)
+      : ConstDynamicColumnBase{name} {}
 
   virtual std::any get(std::size_t i) = 0;
   std::any get(std::size_t i) const override = 0;