diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 23bf1f76b92c9..244b1605f8f34 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2373,6 +2373,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "aptos-indexer-grpc-utils",
  "aptos-logger",
  "aptos-mempool",
+ "aptos-metrics-core",
  "aptos-runtimes",
  "aptos-storage-interface",
  "aptos-types",
@@ -2381,6 +2382,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "google-cloud-storage",
  "hyper 0.14.28",
  "itertools 0.13.0",
+ "once_cell",
  "rocksdb",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
diff --git a/api/src/tests/transactions_test.rs b/api/src/tests/transactions_test.rs
index e8524525004d4..86f10a25a05fd 100644
--- a/api/src/tests/transactions_test.rs
+++ b/api/src/tests/transactions_test.rs
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ async fn test_get_transaction_by_hash() {
 async fn test_get_transaction_by_hash_with_delayed_internal_indexer() {
     let mut context = new_test_context_with_sharding_and_delayed_internal_indexer(
         current_function_name!(),
-        Some(1),
+        Some(2),
     );
 
     let mut account = context.gen_account();
diff --git a/api/test-context/src/test_context.rs b/api/test-context/src/test_context.rs
index e4f9d686be7ca..0f9c9de274b93 100644
--- a/api/test-context/src/test_context.rs
+++ b/api/test-context/src/test_context.rs
@@ -56,7 +56,13 @@ use bytes::Bytes;
 use hyper::{HeaderMap, Response};
 use rand::SeedableRng;
 use serde_json::{json, Value};
-use std::{boxed::Box, net::SocketAddr, path::PathBuf, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+use std::{
+    boxed::Box,
+    net::SocketAddr,
+    path::PathBuf,
+    sync::Arc,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
 use tokio::sync::watch::channel;
 use warp::{http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, Filter, Rejection, Reply};
 use warp_reverse_proxy::reverse_proxy_filter;
@@ -132,7 +138,7 @@ pub fn new_test_context_inner(
     let (root_key, genesis, genesis_waypoint, validators) = builder.build(&mut rng).unwrap();
     let (validator_identity, _, _, _) = validators[0].get_key_objects(None).unwrap();
     let validator_owner = validator_identity.account_address.unwrap();
-    let (sender, recver) = channel::<Version>(0);
+    let (sender, recver) = channel::<(Instant, Version)>((Instant::now(), 0 as Version));
     let (db, db_rw) = if use_db_with_indexer {
         let mut aptos_db = AptosDB::new_for_test_with_indexer(
             &tmp_dir,
diff --git a/aptos-node/src/services.rs b/aptos-node/src/services.rs
index 9537f4ea3ef9f..a4a1feac629b6 100644
--- a/aptos-node/src/services.rs
+++ b/aptos-node/src/services.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ use aptos_peer_monitoring_service_server::{
 use aptos_peer_monitoring_service_types::PeerMonitoringServiceMessage;
 use aptos_storage_interface::{DbReader, DbReaderWriter};
 use aptos_time_service::TimeService;
-use aptos_types::{chain_id::ChainId, indexer::indexer_db_reader::IndexerReader};
+use aptos_types::{
+    chain_id::ChainId, indexer::indexer_db_reader::IndexerReader, transaction::Version,
+};
 use aptos_validator_transaction_pool::VTxnPoolState;
 use futures::channel::{mpsc, mpsc::Sender, oneshot};
 use std::{sync::Arc, time::Instant};
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ pub fn bootstrap_api_and_indexer(
     db_rw: DbReaderWriter,
     chain_id: ChainId,
     internal_indexer_db: Option<InternalIndexerDB>,
-    update_receiver: Option<WatchReceiver<u64>>,
+    update_receiver: Option<WatchReceiver<(Instant, Version)>>,
     api_port_tx: Option<oneshot::Sender<u16>>,
     indexer_grpc_port_tx: Option<oneshot::Sender<u16>>,
 ) -> anyhow::Result<(
diff --git a/aptos-node/src/storage.rs b/aptos-node/src/storage.rs
index a67e8709a6dde..2277057db898b 100644
--- a/aptos-node/src/storage.rs
+++ b/aptos-node/src/storage.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ use tokio::{
     runtime::Runtime,
     sync::watch::{channel, Receiver as WatchReceiver},
 };
-
 pub(crate) fn maybe_apply_genesis(
     db_rw: &DbReaderWriter,
     node_config: &NodeConfig,
@@ -51,11 +50,11 @@ pub(crate) fn bootstrap_db(
     DbReaderWriter,
     Option<Runtime>,
     Option<InternalIndexerDB>,
-    Option<WatchReceiver<u64>>,
+    Option<WatchReceiver<(Instant, Version)>>,
 )> {
     let internal_indexer_db = InternalIndexerDBService::get_indexer_db(node_config);
     let (update_sender, update_receiver) = if internal_indexer_db.is_some() {
-        let (sender, receiver) = channel::<u64>(0);
+        let (sender, receiver) = channel::<(Instant, Version)>((Instant::now(), 0 as Version));
         (Some(sender), Some(receiver))
     } else {
         (None, None)
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ pub fn initialize_database_and_checkpoints(
     Option<Runtime>,
     Waypoint,
     Option<InternalIndexerDB>,
-    Option<WatchReceiver<Version>>,
+    Option<WatchReceiver<(Instant, Version)>>,
 )> {
     // If required, create RocksDB checkpoints and change the working directory.
     // This is test-only.
diff --git a/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/Cargo.toml b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/Cargo.toml
index 674a13484f5e2..c8ff7258a4e6d 100644
--- a/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ aptos-indexer-grpc-fullnode = { workspace = true }
 aptos-indexer-grpc-utils = { workspace = true }
 aptos-logger = { workspace = true }
 aptos-mempool = { workspace = true }
+aptos-metrics-core = { workspace = true }
 aptos-runtimes = { workspace = true }
 aptos-storage-interface = { workspace = true }
 aptos-types = { workspace = true }
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ futures = { workspace = true }
 google-cloud-storage = { workspace = true }
 hyper = { workspace = true }
 itertools = { workspace = true }
+once_cell = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
 tar = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/internal_indexer_db_service.rs b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/internal_indexer_db_service.rs
index 5b39bbe9784aa..73e2c7660d617 100644
--- a/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/internal_indexer_db_service.rs
+++ b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/internal_indexer_db_service.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright © Aptos Foundation
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+use crate::metrics::INDEXER_DB_LATENCY;
 use anyhow::Result;
 use aptos_config::config::{internal_indexer_db_config::InternalIndexerDBConfig, NodeConfig};
 use aptos_db_indexer::{
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ use aptos_types::{indexer::indexer_db_reader::IndexerReader, transaction::Versio
 use std::{
     path::{Path, PathBuf},
     sync::Arc,
-    time::Duration,
+    time::Instant,
 };
 use tokio::{runtime::Handle, sync::watch::Receiver as WatchReceiver};
 
@@ -24,14 +25,14 @@ const INTERNAL_INDEXER_DB: &str = "internal_indexer_db";
 
 pub struct InternalIndexerDBService {
     pub db_indexer: Arc<DBIndexer>,
-    pub update_receiver: WatchReceiver<Version>,
+    pub update_receiver: WatchReceiver<(Instant, Version)>,
 }
 
 impl InternalIndexerDBService {
     pub fn new(
         db_reader: Arc<dyn DbReader>,
         internal_indexer_db: InternalIndexerDB,
-        update_receiver: WatchReceiver<Version>,
+        update_receiver: WatchReceiver<(Instant, Version)>,
     ) -> Self {
         let internal_db_indexer = Arc::new(DBIndexer::new(internal_indexer_db, db_reader));
         Self {
@@ -166,23 +167,23 @@ impl InternalIndexerDBService {
 
     pub async fn run(&mut self, node_config: &NodeConfig) -> Result<()> {
         let mut start_version = self.get_start_version(node_config).await?;
+        let mut target_version = self.db_indexer.main_db_reader.ensure_synced_version()?;
+        let mut step_timer = std::time::Instant::now();
 
         loop {
-            let start_time: std::time::Instant = std::time::Instant::now();
-            let next_version = self.db_indexer.process_a_batch(start_version)?;
-
-            if next_version == start_version {
-                if let Ok(recv_res) =
-                    tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_millis(100), self.update_receiver.changed())
-                        .await
-                {
-                    if recv_res.is_err() {
-                        info!("update sender is dropped");
-                        return Ok(());
-                    }
+            if target_version == start_version {
+                match self.update_receiver.changed().await {
+                    Ok(_) => {
+                        info!("bowu update_receiver changed");
+                        (step_timer, target_version) = *self.update_receiver.borrow();
+                    },
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        panic!("Failed to get update from update_receiver: {}", e);
+                    },
                 }
-                continue;
-            };
+            }
+            let next_version = self.db_indexer.process(start_version, target_version)?;
+            INDEXER_DB_LATENCY.set(step_timer.elapsed().as_millis() as i64);
             log_grpc_step(
                 SERVICE_TYPE,
                 IndexerGrpcStep::InternalIndexerDBProcessed,
@@ -190,12 +191,13 @@ impl InternalIndexerDBService {
                 Some(next_version as i64),
                 None,
                 None,
-                Some(start_time.elapsed().as_secs_f64()),
+                Some(step_timer.elapsed().as_secs_f64()),
                 None,
                 Some((next_version - start_version) as i64),
                 None,
             );
             start_version = next_version;
+            info!("bowu next_version: {:?}, start_version: {:?}, target_version: {:?}", next_version, start_version, target_version);
         }
     }
 
@@ -205,18 +207,14 @@ impl InternalIndexerDBService {
         node_config: &NodeConfig,
         end_version: Option<Version>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
-        let mut start_version = self.get_start_version(node_config).await?;
-        while start_version <= end_version.unwrap_or(std::u64::MAX) {
-            let next_version = self.db_indexer.process_a_batch(start_version)?;
-            if next_version == start_version {
-                tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
-                continue;
-            }
-            start_version = next_version;
+        let start_version = self.get_start_version(node_config).await?;
+        let end_version = end_version.unwrap_or(std::u64::MAX);
+        let mut next_version = start_version;
+        while next_version < end_version {
+            next_version = self.db_indexer.process(start_version, end_version)?;
+            // We shouldn't stop the internal indexer so that internal indexer can catch up with the main DB
+            tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
         }
-        // We should never stop the internal indexer
-        tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(100)).await;
-
         Ok(())
     }
 }
@@ -230,7 +228,7 @@ impl MockInternalIndexerDBService {
     pub fn new_for_test(
         db_reader: Arc<dyn DbReader>,
         node_config: &NodeConfig,
-        update_receiver: WatchReceiver<Version>,
+        update_receiver: WatchReceiver<(Instant, Version)>,
         end_version: Option<Version>,
     ) -> Self {
         if !node_config
diff --git a/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/lib.rs b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/lib.rs
index 59c545b7701b4..3c8edbb137bd1 100644
--- a/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 pub mod backup_restore;
 pub mod internal_indexer_db_service;
+pub mod metrics;
 pub mod runtime;
 pub mod table_info_service;
 
diff --git a/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/metrics.rs b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/metrics.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..58104d65f8e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/metrics.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Copyright © Aptos Foundation
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+use aptos_metrics_core::{register_int_gauge, IntGauge};
+use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+
+pub static INDEXER_DB_LATENCY: Lazy<IntGauge> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    register_int_gauge!(
+        "aptos_internal_indexer_latency",
+        "The latency between main db update and data written to indexer db"
+    )
+    .unwrap()
+});
diff --git a/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/runtime.rs b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/runtime.rs
index cfd9dfc2ce5b7..de5fdd47252f9 100644
--- a/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/runtime.rs
+++ b/ecosystem/indexer-grpc/indexer-grpc-table-info/src/runtime.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use aptos_db_indexer::{
 use aptos_mempool::MempoolClientSender;
 use aptos_storage_interface::DbReaderWriter;
 use aptos_types::{chain_id::ChainId, transaction::Version};
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{sync::Arc, time::Instant};
 use tokio::{runtime::Runtime, sync::watch::Receiver as WatchReceiver};
 
 const INDEX_ASYNC_V2_DB_NAME: &str = "index_indexer_async_v2_db";
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ pub fn bootstrap_internal_indexer_db(
     config: &NodeConfig,
     db_rw: DbReaderWriter,
     internal_indexer_db: Option<InternalIndexerDB>,
-    update_receiver: Option<WatchReceiver<Version>>,
+    update_receiver: Option<WatchReceiver<(Instant, Version)>>,
 ) -> Option<(Runtime, Arc<DBIndexer>)> {
     if !config.indexer_db_config.is_internal_indexer_db_enabled() || internal_indexer_db.is_none() {
         return None;
diff --git a/execution/executor/tests/internal_indexer_test.rs b/execution/executor/tests/internal_indexer_test.rs
index a0ff25cef9ce5..1b9ec3396e9f5 100644
--- a/execution/executor/tests/internal_indexer_test.rs
+++ b/execution/executor/tests/internal_indexer_test.rs
@@ -152,10 +152,10 @@ fn test_db_indexer_data() {
     // assert the data matches the expected data
     let version = internal_indexer_db.get_persisted_version().unwrap();
     assert_eq!(version, None);
-    let mut start_version = version.map_or(0, |v| v + 1);
-    while start_version < total_version {
-        start_version = db_indexer.process_a_batch(start_version).unwrap();
-    }
+    let start_version = version.map_or(0, |v| v + 1);
+    db_indexer
+        .process_a_batch(start_version, total_version)
+        .unwrap();
     // wait for the commit to finish
     thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
     // indexer has process all the transactions
diff --git a/storage/aptosdb/src/db/include/aptosdb_writer.rs b/storage/aptosdb/src/db/include/aptosdb_writer.rs
index c1f3a1a942006..77b2b51bbc0fe 100644
--- a/storage/aptosdb/src/db/include/aptosdb_writer.rs
+++ b/storage/aptosdb/src/db/include/aptosdb_writer.rs
@@ -591,9 +591,10 @@ impl AptosDB {
 
             COMMITTED_TXNS.inc_by(num_txns);
             LATEST_TXN_VERSION.set(version as i64);
+            info!("bowu post_commit: {:?}", version);
             if let Some(update_sender) = &self.update_subscriber {
                 update_sender.send(
-                    version
+                    (Instant::now(), version)
                 ).map_err(| err | {
                         AptosDbError::Other(format!("Failed to send update to subscriber: {}", err))
                     })?;
diff --git a/storage/aptosdb/src/db/mod.rs b/storage/aptosdb/src/db/mod.rs
index 4eb7c28193ba1..4569cdc6e17de 100644
--- a/storage/aptosdb/src/db/mod.rs
+++ b/storage/aptosdb/src/db/mod.rs
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ pub struct AptosDB {
     commit_lock: std::sync::Mutex<()>,
     indexer: Option<Indexer>,
     skip_index_and_usage: bool,
-    update_subscriber: Option<Sender<Version>>,
+    update_subscriber: Option<Sender<(Instant, Version)>>,
 }
 
 // DbReader implementations and private functions used by them.
@@ -186,7 +186,10 @@ impl AptosDB {
         Ok((ledger_db, state_merkle_db, state_kv_db))
     }
 
-    pub fn add_version_update_subscriber(&mut self, sender: Sender<Version>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn add_version_update_subscriber(
+        &mut self,
+        sender: Sender<(Instant, Version)>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         self.update_subscriber = Some(sender);
         Ok(())
     }
diff --git a/storage/aptosdb/src/fast_sync_storage_wrapper.rs b/storage/aptosdb/src/fast_sync_storage_wrapper.rs
index e58099c0bb31d..d1a42ebf14e56 100644
--- a/storage/aptosdb/src/fast_sync_storage_wrapper.rs
+++ b/storage/aptosdb/src/fast_sync_storage_wrapper.rs
@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ use aptos_types::{
     transaction::{TransactionOutputListWithProof, Version},
 };
 use either::Either;
-use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::{sync::Arc, time::Instant};
 use tokio::sync::watch::Sender;
-
 pub const SECONDARY_DB_DIR: &str = "fast_sync_secondary";
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ impl FastSyncStorageWrapper {
     pub fn initialize_dbs(
         config: &NodeConfig,
         internal_indexer_db: Option<InternalIndexerDB>,
-        update_sender: Option<Sender<Version>>,
+        update_sender: Option<Sender<(Instant, Version)>>,
     ) -> Result<Either<AptosDB, Self>> {
         let mut db_main = AptosDB::open(
             config.storage.get_dir_paths(),
diff --git a/storage/indexer/src/db_indexer.rs b/storage/indexer/src/db_indexer.rs
index 31b9cea0f69c7..13af504bb7bf3 100644
--- a/storage/indexer/src/db_indexer.rs
+++ b/storage/indexer/src/db_indexer.rs
@@ -378,8 +378,8 @@ impl DBIndexer {
         Ok(zipped)
     }
 
-    fn get_num_of_transactions(&self, version: Version) -> Result<u64> {
-        let highest_version = self.main_db_reader.ensure_synced_version()?;
+    fn get_num_of_transactions(&self, version: Version, end_version: Version) -> Result<u64> {
+        let highest_version = min(self.main_db_reader.ensure_synced_version()?, end_version);
         if version > highest_version {
             // In case main db is not synced yet or recreated
             return Ok(0);
@@ -392,10 +392,25 @@ impl DBIndexer {
         Ok(num_of_transaction)
     }
 
-    pub fn process_a_batch(&self, start_version: Version) -> Result<Version> {
-        let _timer = TIMER.with_label_values(&["process_a_batch"]).start_timer();
+    /// Process all transactions from `start_version` to `end_version`. Left inclusive, right exclusive.
+    pub fn process(&self, start_version: Version, end_version: Version) -> Result<Version> {
         let mut version = start_version;
-        let num_transactions = self.get_num_of_transactions(version)?;
+        while version < end_version {
+            let next_version = self.process_a_batch(version, end_version)?;
+            if next_version == version {
+                break;
+            }
+            version = next_version;
+        }
+        Ok(version)
+    }
+
+    /// Process a batch of transactions that is within the range of  `start_version` to `end_version`. Left inclusive, right exclusive.
+    pub fn process_a_batch(&self, start_version: Version, end_version: Version) -> Result<Version> {
+        let _timer: aptos_metrics_core::HistogramTimer =
+            TIMER.with_label_values(&["process_a_batch"]).start_timer();
+        let mut version = start_version;
+        let num_transactions = self.get_num_of_transactions(version, end_version)?;
         // This promises num_transactions should be readable from main db
         let mut db_iter = self.get_main_db_iter(version, num_transactions)?;
         let mut batch = SchemaBatch::new();