diff --git a/pkg/cache/client.go b/pkg/cache/client.go
index fea9395770c7..7b18827016d5 100644
--- a/pkg/cache/client.go
+++ b/pkg/cache/client.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 type Client struct {
+	dir string
 	Cache
 }
 
@@ -115,7 +116,8 @@ func NewType(backend string) (Type, error) {
 }
 
 // NewClient returns a new cache client
-func NewClient(opts Options) (*Client, error) {
+func NewClient(dir string, opts Options) (*Client, error) {
+	client := &Client{dir: dir}
 	if opts.Type == TypeRedis {
 		log.Info("Redis cache", log.String("url", opts.Redis.BackendMasked()))
 		options, err := redis.ParseURL(opts.Redis.Backend)
@@ -140,34 +142,27 @@ func NewClient(opts Options) (*Client, error) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		redisCache := NewRedisCache(options, opts.TTL)
-		return &Client{Cache: redisCache}, nil
+		client.Cache = NewRedisCache(options, opts.TTL)
+		return client, nil
 	}
 
 	// standalone mode
-	fsCache, err := NewFSCache(Dir())
+	var err error
+	client.Cache, err = NewFSCache(dir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, xerrors.Errorf("unable to initialize fs cache: %w", err)
 	}
-	return &Client{Cache: fsCache}, nil
+	return client, nil
 }
 
 // Reset resets the cache
-func (c *Client) Reset() (err error) {
-	if err := c.ClearDB(); err != nil {
-		return xerrors.Errorf("failed to clear the database: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err := c.ClearArtifacts(); err != nil {
-		return xerrors.Errorf("failed to clear the artifact cache: %w", err)
+func (c *Client) Reset() error {
+	log.Info("Removing all caches...")
+	if err := c.Clear(); err != nil {
+		return xerrors.Errorf("failed to remove the cache: %w", err)
 	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// ClearDB clears the DB cache
-func (c *Client) ClearDB() (err error) {
-	log.Info("Removing DB file...")
-	if err = os.RemoveAll(Dir()); err != nil {
-		return xerrors.Errorf("failed to remove the directory (%s) : %w", Dir(), err)
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(c.dir); err != nil {
+		return xerrors.Errorf("failed to remove the directory (%s) : %w", c.dir, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/cache/client_test.go b/pkg/cache/client_test.go
index f22ce4f93e2f..e41e84034a27 100644
--- a/pkg/cache/client_test.go
+++ b/pkg/cache/client_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package cache_test
 
 import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -127,3 +129,51 @@ func TestRedisOptions_BackendMasked(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestClient_Reset(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary directory for testing
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Create test files and subdirectories
+	subDir := filepath.Join(tempDir, "subdir")
+	err := os.MkdirAll(subDir, 0755)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	testFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "testfile.txt")
+	err = os.WriteFile(testFile, []byte("test content"), 0644)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create a cache client
+	client, err := cache.NewClient(tempDir, cache.Options{Type: cache.TypeFS})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Call Reset method
+	err = client.Reset()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify that the subdirectory no longer exists
+	require.NoDirExists(t, subDir, "Subdirectory should not exist after Reset")
+
+	// Verify that the test file no longer exists
+	require.NoFileExists(t, testFile, "Test file should not exist after Reset")
+
+	// Verify that the cache directory no longer exists
+	require.NoDirExists(t, tempDir, "Cache directory should not exist after Reset")
+}
+
+func TestClient_ClearArtifacts(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary directory for testing
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// Create a client
+	client, err := cache.NewClient(tempDir, cache.Options{Type: cache.TypeFS})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(tempDir, "fanal", "fanal.db"), "Database file should exist")
+
+	// Call ClearArtifacts method
+	err = client.ClearArtifacts()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoDirExists(t, filepath.Join(tempDir, "fanal"), "Artifact cache should not exist after ClearArtifacts")
+}
diff --git a/pkg/cache/dir.go b/pkg/cache/dir.go
index b687017c9faf..2a67d269bdfe 100644
--- a/pkg/cache/dir.go
+++ b/pkg/cache/dir.go
@@ -5,26 +5,11 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 )
 
-var cacheDir string
-
-// defaultDir returns/creates the cache-dir to be used for trivy operations
-func defaultDir() string {
+// DefaultDir returns/creates the cache-dir to be used for trivy operations
+func DefaultDir() string {
 	tmpDir, err := os.UserCacheDir()
 	if err != nil {
 		tmpDir = os.TempDir()
 	}
 	return filepath.Join(tmpDir, "trivy")
 }
-
-// Dir returns the directory used for caching
-func Dir() string {
-	if cacheDir == "" {
-		return defaultDir()
-	}
-	return cacheDir
-}
-
-// SetDir sets the trivy cache dir
-func SetDir(dir string) {
-	cacheDir = dir
-}
diff --git a/pkg/commands/app.go b/pkg/commands/app.go
index e01bc53e1ea0..90c737a040bb 100644
--- a/pkg/commands/app.go
+++ b/pkg/commands/app.go
@@ -110,10 +110,9 @@ func NewApp() *cobra.Command {
 
 func loadPluginCommands() []*cobra.Command {
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	manager := plugin.NewManager()
 
 	var commands []*cobra.Command
-	plugins, err := manager.LoadAll(ctx)
+	plugins, err := plugin.NewManager().LoadAll(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.DebugContext(ctx, "No plugins loaded")
 		return nil
diff --git a/pkg/commands/artifact/run.go b/pkg/commands/artifact/run.go
index 3a22f762c71c..65bfd455321b 100644
--- a/pkg/commands/artifact/run.go
+++ b/pkg/commands/artifact/run.go
@@ -350,12 +350,11 @@ func (r *runner) initCache(opts flag.Options) error {
 	}
 
 	// standalone mode
-	cache.SetDir(opts.CacheDir)
-	cacheClient, err := cache.NewClient(opts.CacheOptions.CacheBackendOptions)
+	cacheClient, err := cache.NewClient(opts.CacheDir, opts.CacheOptions.CacheBackendOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return xerrors.Errorf("unable to initialize the cache: %w", err)
 	}
-	log.Debug("Cache dir", log.String("dir", cache.Dir()))
+	log.Debug("Cache dir", log.String("dir", opts.CacheDir))
 
 	if opts.Reset {
 		defer cacheClient.Close()
@@ -366,7 +365,7 @@ func (r *runner) initCache(opts flag.Options) error {
 	}
 
 	if opts.ResetChecksBundle {
-		c, err := policy.NewClient(cache.Dir(), true, opts.MisconfOptions.ChecksBundleRepository)
+		c, err := policy.NewClient(opts.CacheDir, true, opts.MisconfOptions.ChecksBundleRepository)
 		if err != nil {
 			return xerrors.Errorf("failed to instantiate check client: %w", err)
 		}
diff --git a/pkg/commands/server/run.go b/pkg/commands/server/run.go
index eeef097990ce..f2957b75dbb6 100644
--- a/pkg/commands/server/run.go
+++ b/pkg/commands/server/run.go
@@ -19,16 +19,15 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, opts flag.Options) (err error) {
 	log.InitLogger(opts.Debug, opts.Quiet)
 
 	// configure cache dir
-	cache.SetDir(opts.CacheDir)
-	cacheClient, err := cache.NewClient(opts.CacheOptions.CacheBackendOptions)
+	cacheClient, err := cache.NewClient(opts.CacheDir, opts.CacheOptions.CacheBackendOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return xerrors.Errorf("server cache error: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer cacheClient.Close()
-	log.Debug("Cache", log.String("dir", cache.Dir()))
+	log.Debug("Cache", log.String("dir", opts.CacheDir))
 
 	if opts.Reset {
-		return cacheClient.ClearDB()
+		return cacheClient.Reset()
 	}
 
 	// download the database file
diff --git a/pkg/flag/global_flags.go b/pkg/flag/global_flags.go
index eb34e2f589dc..ef19a09dd4e8 100644
--- a/pkg/flag/global_flags.go
+++ b/pkg/flag/global_flags.go
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ var (
 	CacheDirFlag = Flag[string]{
 		Name:       "cache-dir",
 		ConfigName: "cache.dir",
-		Default:    cache.Dir(),
+		Default:    cache.DefaultDir(),
 		Usage:      "cache directory",
 		Persistent: true,
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/oci/artifact_test.go b/pkg/oci/artifact_test.go
index 479c607af425..ddfe0304cc63 100644
--- a/pkg/oci/artifact_test.go
+++ b/pkg/oci/artifact_test.go
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
-	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/cache"
 	ftypes "github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/fanal/types"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/oci"
 )
@@ -97,7 +96,6 @@ func TestArtifact_Download(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			tempDir := t.TempDir()
-			cache.SetDir(tempDir)
 
 			// Mock image
 			img := new(fakei.FakeImage)
diff --git a/pkg/plugin/index_test.go b/pkg/plugin/index_test.go
index e420dfaa6d08..4fbd4c9411aa 100644
--- a/pkg/plugin/index_test.go
+++ b/pkg/plugin/index_test.go
@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
-	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/cache"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/plugin"
 )
 
 func TestManager_Update(t *testing.T) {
 	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-	cache.SetDir(tempDir)
+	t.Setenv("XDG_DATA_HOME", tempDir)
 
 	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`this is index`))
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ func TestManager_Update(t *testing.T) {
 	err := manager.Update(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	indexPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "plugin", "index.yaml")
+	indexPath := filepath.Join(tempDir, ".trivy", "plugins", "index.yaml")
 	assert.FileExists(t, indexPath)
 
 	b, err := os.ReadFile(indexPath)
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ bar                  A bar plugin
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			cache.SetDir(tt.dir)
+			t.Setenv("XDG_DATA_HOME", tt.dir)
 
 			var got bytes.Buffer
 			m := plugin.NewManager(plugin.WithWriter(&got))
diff --git a/pkg/plugin/manager.go b/pkg/plugin/manager.go
index 70ae3758fbdc..a3a806f8f42b 100644
--- a/pkg/plugin/manager.go
+++ b/pkg/plugin/manager.go
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/go-version/pkg/semver"
-	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/cache"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/downloader"
 	ftypes "github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/fanal/types"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/log"
@@ -59,12 +58,13 @@ type Manager struct {
 }
 
 func NewManager(opts ...ManagerOption) *Manager {
+	root := filepath.Join(fsutils.HomeDir(), pluginsRelativeDir)
 	m := &Manager{
 		w:          os.Stdout,
 		indexURL:   indexURL,
 		logger:     log.WithPrefix("plugin"),
-		pluginRoot: filepath.Join(fsutils.HomeDir(), pluginsRelativeDir),
-		indexPath:  filepath.Join(cache.Dir(), "plugin", "index.yaml"),
+		pluginRoot: root,
+		indexPath:  filepath.Join(root, "index.yaml"),
 	}
 	for _, opt := range opts {
 		opt(m)
diff --git a/pkg/plugin/manager_unix_test.go b/pkg/plugin/manager_unix_test.go
index dd59109f94ee..728d3c7cf041 100644
--- a/pkg/plugin/manager_unix_test.go
+++ b/pkg/plugin/manager_unix_test.go
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/internal/gittest"
-	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/cache"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/clock"
 	ftypes "github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/fanal/types"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/log"
 	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/plugin"
+	"github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/utils/fsutils"
 )
 
 func setupGitRepository(t *testing.T, repo, dir string) *httptest.Server {
@@ -200,7 +200,11 @@ func TestManager_Install(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Setenv("XDG_DATA_HOME", dst)
 
 			// For plugin index
-			cache.SetDir("testdata")
+			pluginDir := filepath.Join(dst, ".trivy", "plugins")
+			err := os.MkdirAll(pluginDir, 0755)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			_, err = fsutils.CopyFile("testdata/.trivy/plugins/index.yaml", filepath.Join(pluginDir, "index.yaml"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			if tt.installed != nil {
 				setupInstalledPlugin(t, dst, *tt.installed)
diff --git a/pkg/plugin/testdata/plugin/index.yaml b/pkg/plugin/testdata/.trivy/plugins/index.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from pkg/plugin/testdata/plugin/index.yaml
rename to pkg/plugin/testdata/.trivy/plugins/index.yaml