| Letter | Spanish | English | Pronunciation | a | a | ah | like the a in "father" | b | be | bay | like the English b but pronounced very softly | c | ce | say | before a, o, u, like the c in "can"; before e, i, like the c in "cent" | ch | che | chay | like the ch in "church" | d | de | day | like d in "bed" but with tongue forward, almost like th in "the" | e | e | ay | like the ay in "pay" | f | efe | ay-fay | like the English f | g | ge | hay | before a, o, u, like g in "get"; before e, i, like an English h | h | hache | ah-chay | always silent | i | i | ee | like ee in "feet" | j | jota | ho-ta | like the English h | k | ka | kah | like the English k | l | ele | ay-lay | like the English l | ll | elle | ay-yay | like the y in "yes" | m | eme | ay-may | like the English m | n | ene | ay-nay | like the English n | ñ | eñe | ay-nyay | like the ny in "canyon" | o | o | oh | like the o in "no" | p | pe | pay | like the English p | q | cu | koo | like the English k | r | ere | ay-ray | like the English r but softer, almost sounds like a d | rr | erre | ay-rray | strongly trilled | s | ese | ay-say | like the English s | t | te | tay | like the English t | u | u | oo | like the oo in "pool" | v | uve | oo-vay | almost no difference between b and v in Spanish | w | uve | doble | oo-vay do-blay like the English w | x | equis | ay-kees | like the English x | y | ye | yay | like the English y; like ee in "tree" when used alone | z | zeta | say-ta | like the English s
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El/La = The
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la sala = living room
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el televisor = tv
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la ventana = window
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la lampara = lamp
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el telefono = phone
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la radio = radio
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el gato = cat
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la madre = mother
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la puerta = door
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el disco compacto = CD
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la hermana = girl
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el tocadiscos = turntable
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el sillon = couch
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el padre = father
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el periodico = newpaper
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la mesa = table
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la flor = floor
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el hermano = boy
Preguntas
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Es El Televisor?
- No, senor, no es el televisor. Es el gato
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Que = what
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Quien = who
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Donde = where
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Como es = what is, like
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Un/Una = A/An
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un mapa = map
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una frase = sentence
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la pizarra = blackboard
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la clase = class
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la profesor = teacher
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una tiza = whiteboard
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una alumna = (fem) student
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una mesa = table
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una fruta = fruit
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un alumno = (mas) student
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una puptre = desk
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un papel = paper
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un cuaderno = notebook
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un libro = book
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una pluma = pen
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un lapiz = pencil
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El/La = The
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Un/Una = A/An
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el autobus = bus
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el banco = bank
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Banco Nacional = National bank
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el policia = police
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el ladron = robber
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la calle = money
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el cine = movie theater
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el avion = airplane
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el edificio = building
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la revista = magazine
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el periodico = newpaper
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la muchacha = girl
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el muchacho = boy
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el automovil = car
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el coche = car
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el hombre = man
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la mujer = woman
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en el centro = downtown
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Que es? = What is ...
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Quien es = Who is
pg xx
- los alimentos = foods
- el dependiente = vendor?
- jugo de naranja = orange juice
- leche = milk
- helado de vainilla = vanilla ice cream
- helado de chocolate = chocolate ice cream
- el tendero = shopkeeper
- el cliente = client
- el queso = cheese
- las naranjas = oranges
- las manzanas = apples
- los huevos = eggs
- el pan = bread
- el cafe = coffee
- la mantequilla = butter
- los dulces = sweets
- las frutas = fruits
- el supermercado = supermaket
Preguntas
- Que compra usted? Compro alimentos = What are you buying? I am buying foods
pg xxii
- Acciones = actions
- El alumno estudia la leccion = The student is studying the lesson
- El padre mira la television = The father is watching the tv
- La muchacha escribe la frase = The girl writes the sentence (phrase)
- La alumna
xxx
Present tense conjugations of regular –AR, -ER, -IR verbs
The following are example verb infinitives: verb form that is found in the dictionary – Ex: -AR = Bailar = to dance – Ex: -ER = Comer = to eat – EX: -IR = Escribir = to write
Every verb has 2 parts The stem + ending
- Hablar, Habl
- Comer, Com
- Escribir, Escrib
To summarize, here are the endings for the three verb conjugations:
-AR | -ER | -IR | ||
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I | yo | -o | -o | -o |
You | tu | -as | -es | -es |
he/she/they | el/ella/usted | -a | -e | -e |
we | nosotros | -amos | –emos | –imos |
they (fem/masc/group) | ellos/ellas/ustedes | -an |
Practica: Conjugate the correct form for each pronoun and translate into English:
- Tu (comer)
- Mi padre (vender)
- Yo (leer)
- Marco y yo (hacer)
- Paco y Ana (conocer)
- Yo (hablar)
- Mi hermano (mirar)
- Mis hermanos y yo (ayudar)
- Uds. (cocinar)
- Mis padres (trabajar)
- Tu (descansar)
Practice: Conj. the verb in Span. in the sent:
- (asistir) Mis parientes ( ) a una cena grande a casa de mi abuela.
- (salir) Siempre ( ) tu’ mucho con amigos los fines de semana?
- (decidir) Mis amgios y yo ( ) de ir al cine hoy.
- (lavar) Su madre ( ) la ropa todos los días.
- (hacer) Mis hermanos y yo ( ) las camas por la mañana.
- (recibir) Marta siempre ( ) buenas notas en sus clases.
- (cuidar) ¿( ) tú a tu hermano menor después de clases?
- (poner) ¿( ) Uds. la mesa para la cena?
- (ver) Los domingos, mi padre y mi hermano ( ) el partido de fútbol americano en la tele.
- (montar) Yo ( ) en bicicleta en el tiempo libre.
Practice: Conj. the verb in Span. in the sent: ● (to attend) ¿Adónde ( ) a la fiesta la familia? ● (to eat) Todos ( ) la cena a las seis. ● (to celebrate) Mi familia y yo ( ) los días de fiesta en casa con nuestros parientes. ● (to travel) Mi tía ( ) de Colombia este mes. ● (to read) ¿( ) tú mucho en el tiempo libre? ● (to take out) Después de la cena, yo siempre ( ) la basura. ● (to live) Mis padres, mis hermanos y yo ( ) en una casa grande en calle Hidalgo.
Las Preguntas (the questions) Que significa la pregunta ¿Tocas la guitarra? Do you play the guitar? When forming a simple yes/no question you open with a verb and elminate in English the “do you” or “does he/she” because it is translated in the question with the verb already. Spanish doesn’t have a “do you” translation for questions. ¿Estudia Carlos en la biblioteca? Does Carlos study in the library? Question Answer yo tú / Ud. tú yo él / ella él / ella Ud. yo nosotros Uds. / nosotros ellos / ellas ellos / ellas Uds. / tú y tus amigos nosotros Ahoras: Formen una pregunta de Sí o no y respondan en una frase completa
- Marta / escribir bien / las frases (sí)
- Tú / trabajar / los fines de semana (no)
- Marcos y Juan / correr / por la noche (no)
- Tú y Anita / comprender todo / en la clase de ciencias (sí)
- Ud. / bailar mucho / en las fiestas (sí)
- Las chicas / salir con los chicos / el viernes por la noche (no) • Translate the following AR verbs into Spanish:
- To admire
- To fix (tidy up)
- To look for
- To change
- To cut
- To wish/want
- To win
- To invite
- To arrive
- To return
- Admirar
- Arreglar
- Buscar
- Cambiar
- Cortar
- Desear
- Ganar
- Invitar
- Llegar
- regresar • Traduzcan las preguntas o las frases en español: (AR Verbs)
- Juan y Carla fix up the house.
- My father works in an office in the city.
- Do you play the piano?
- The class ends in 10 minutes.
- Is your sister using the computer?
- My parents and I travel to the beach in the summer.
- Do all of you answer in Spanish? • Traduzcan las preguntas o las frases en español: (ER/IR Verbs)
- We are learning a lot of Spanish.
- Is the class reading a funny novel?
- I promise to make the bed.
- The boys understand Spanish well.
- Do you eat dinner with your grandparents on Sundays?
- My friends and I insist on seeing a movie.
- Does your brother receive good grades?
- I write many letters in Spanish to my cousins in Peru.
- Do the teachers permit phones in class? ¿Cómo se dice en español? ✔ My mother washes the dishes after dinner. ✔ My father never cooks. ✔ My older brothers are smart and attend the university. ✔ I clean up my room on the weekends. ✔ My family and I visit my grandparents on Sunday and eat dinner with them. ✔ My brother walks the dog in the park. ✔ My friends and I go out on Fridays and see a movie in the theater. ✔ My grandmother buys food at the supermarket and spends a lot of money. ✔ In my free time, I talk on the phone, listen to the radio, hang out with my friends and ride my bike. ✔ My cousin is lazy and doesn’t read or do homework for English class. ✔ My sister-in-law is a teacher and teaches well.
Sustantivos (NOUN)
- el aire = the air
- la aldea = the town
- el ano = the year
- la avenida = the avenue
- la calle = the street
- el cine = the movie theaer
- la ciudad = the city
- la cosa = the thing
- el dinero = the money
- el edificio = the building
- la experiencia = the experience
- la flor = the flower
- el hombre = the man
- la mujer = the woman
- el museo = the museum
- Nueva York = New York
- la oficina = the office
- el parque = the park
- la prisa = the hurry
- de prisa = in a hurry
- el restaurante = the restaurant
- el teatro = the theatre
- la tienda = the store
Adjetivos
- alto/a = tall, high
- estos/as = these
- extrano/a = strange
- fresco/a = fresh
- grande = big, large
- mucho/a = a great deal of, much
- muchos/as = many, a great many
- nuevo/a = new
- pequeno/a = small, little
- rapido/a = fast, rapid
- sus = their
- tanto/a = so much
- todos/as = every, all
- tonto/a = foolish
Verbos
- comer = to eat
- descansar = to rest
- desea = (she) wishes, wants
- hago = I do
- ir = to go
- ganamos = we earn
- mira! = look!
- mira = (she) looks at, watches
- miran = (they) looks at, watches
- respirar = to breathe
- son = they are
- trabajar = to work
- van = they go, walk
- ver = to see
- visita = (she) visits
- visitan = they visit
- vivir = to live
OSTRAS PALABRAS (OTHER WORDS)
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a = to
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aqui = here
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asi = so, (in) this way, thus
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como = how
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despues de = after
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eso = that
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las (fem. pl.) = the
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los (masc. pl.) = the
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o = or
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para = for, in order to
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pero = but
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por = along, through
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🅰️ copy exercise from page 14 -
🅰️ copy exercise from page 26 -
🅰️ pg 34 -
🅰️ homework: review the conjugation of verbs (ar, er, ir) -
🅰️ bring flash cards for next class to practice in pairs
Singular
- El Chico usa el libro =
- La Chica usa la pluma =
- El hombre y la mujer visitan el hotel en Espana y escuchan la cancion espanola =
Plural
- Los chicos usan los libros
- Las chicas usan las plumas
- Los hombres y las mujeres visitan los hoteles en Espana y escuchan las canciones espanolas
Rules
- Los vs Las
- Add s to a noun that ends in a vowel e.g. el uso, los usos
- Add es to a noun of either gender that ends in a consonant to form a plural e.g. el papel, los papeles, la flor, las flores
- Omit accent mark from final syllable when adding es
- Change final z to c before adding es e.g. el lapiz, los lapices
Generalizing rules: Spanish insists on using el, la, los, las before nouns to make generalizations
Rules:
- The masculine plural article and noun may refer to both feminine and masucline persons when they are grouped together
- The context alone tells whether the reference is to a group consisting of feminine and masculine persona or only of masculine persons
- profesor, en que pagina estamos = professor, which page are we on?
Acostarse (lie down)
- yo me acuesto
- tu te acuestas
- el se acuesta
- nosotros nos acuestamos
- vosotros os acuestais
- ellos/ellas o ustedes se acuestan
Banarse (bath)
- yo me bano
- tu te banas
- el se bana
- nosotros nos banamos
- vosotros os banais
- ellos/ellas se banan
Cepillarse (brush)
- yo me cepillo
- tu te cepillas
- el se cepilla
- nosotros nos cepillamos
- vosotros os cepillais
- ellos se cepillan
Ducharse (shower)
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yo me ducho
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tu te duchas
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el se ducha
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nosotros nos duchamos
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vosotros os duchais
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ellos se duchan
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ducharse - get a shower
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estirarse - stretch
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lavarse - wash up
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levantarse - get up
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llamarse - called
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maquillarse - make up
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mirarse - look at each other
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peinarse - to comb
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ponerse (la ropa) - put on (the clothes)
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quitarse (la ropa) - take off (the clothes)
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rasgarse - tear
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secarse - dry up
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sentarse - sit down
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vestirse - get dressed
Yo me acuesto a las 2 de la manana, yo duermo solamente 3 horas, Despues me despierto a las 5 de la manana, Pero, me levanto a las 10 de la manana, Luego me bano con agua fria, Luego me rasuro con jabon
Verbos de cambio radical
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contar (o ue) cuento contamos cuentas contáis cuenta cuentan
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volver (o ue) vuelvo volvemos vuelves volvéis vuelve vuelven
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recordar
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dormir
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poder
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morir
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cerrar (e ie) cierro cerramos cierras cerráis cierra cierran
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perder (e ie) pierdo perdemos pierdes perdéis pierde pierden
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sentir (e ie) siento sentimos sientes sentís siente sienten
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empezar
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preferir
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pedir (e i) pido pedimos pides pedís pide piden
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repetir
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vestir
Verbos que terminan en -uir
- huir (i y) huyo huimos huyes huís huye huyen
- construir (i y) construyo construimos construyes construís construye construyen
- influir
Verbos que terminan en –cer, -ger, -gir
“yo” solamente (c z)
- convencer : yo convenzo
- vencer : yo venzo
“yo” solamente (g j)
- coger : yo cojo
- dirigir : yo dirijo
“yo” solamente (c 🡪 zc)
- conocer 🡪 yo conozco
- producir 🡪 yo produzco
Verbos que terminan en -guir
“yo” solamente (gu 🡪 g)
- distinguir 🡪 yo distingo
- seguir 🡪 yo sigo
Verbos irregulares solamente en “yo”
- caber : yo quepo
- estar : yo estoy
- poner : yo pongo
- salir : yo salgo
- dar : yo doy
- hacer : yo hago
- saber : yo sé
- traer : yo traigo
Verbos de cambio radical, irregulares solamente en “yo”
- decir digo decimos dices decís dice dicen
- tener tengo tenemos tienes tenéis tiene tienen
- venir vengo venimos vienes venís viene vienen
Verbos completamente irregulares
- ir voy vamos vas vais va van
- oír oigo oímos oyes oís oye oyen
- ser soy somos eres sois es son
SER : TO BE ESTAR : TO BE TENER : TO HAVE HACER : TO DO, MAKE PODER : TO BE ABLE DECIR : TO SAY, TELL IR : TO GO VER : TO SEE DAR : TO GIVE SABER : TO KNOW QUERER : TO WANT LLEGAR : TO ARRIVE PASAR : TO PASS, HAPPEN DEBER : TO OWE, SHOULD PONER : TO PUT PARECER : TO SEEM, APPEAR QUEDAR : TO STAY CREER : TO BELIEVE HABLAR : TO SPEAK LLEVAR : TO CARRY, WEAR DEJAR : TO LEAVE, LET SEGUIR : TO FOLLOW, CONTINUE ENCONTRAR : TO FIND LLAMAR(SE) : TO CALL, CALL ONESELF VENIR : TO COME PENSAR : TO THINK SALIR : TO LEAVE VOLVER : TO RETURN TOMAR : TO TAKE, HAVE CONOCER : TO KNOW VIVIR : TO LIVE SENTIR(SE) : TO FEEL RECIBIR : TO RECEIVE MIRAR : TO WATCH CONTAR : TO TELL, COUNT EMPEZAR : TO BEGIN ESPERAR : TO WAIT, HOPE BUSCAR : TO LOOK FOR TRADUCIR : TO TRANSLATE ENTRAR : TO ENTER TRABAJAR : TO WORK ESCRIBIR : TO WRITE PERDER : TO LOSE EXISTIR : TO EXIST OCURRIR : TO OCCUR VIAJAR : TO TRAVEL PEDIR : TO ASK FOR DESTRUIR : TO DESTROY RECORDAR : TO REMEMBER TERMINAR : TO FINISH PERMITIR : TO ALLOW MORIR : TO DIE CONSEGUIR : TO GET COMENZAR : TO BEGIN SERVIR : TO SERVE SACAR : TO TAKE OUT NECESITAR : TO NEED DESCANSAR : TO REST ASISTIR : TO ATTEND LEER : TO READ CAER : TO FALL CAMBIAR : TO CHANGE APRENDER : TO LEARN CREAR : TO CREATE ABRIR : TO OPEN APAGAR : TO TURN OFF OÍR : TO HEAR ENSEÑAR : TO TEACH CONDUCIR : TO DRIVE GANAR : TO WIN, EARN REGRESAR : TO RETURN TRAER : TO BRING LIMPIAR : TO CLEAN MORIR : TO DIE LAVAR(SE) : TO WASH SENTARSE : TO SIT DIVERTIRSE : TO HAVE FUN COMPRENDER : TO UNDERSTAND DESPERTARSE : TO WAKE UP EXPLICAR : TO EXPLAIN PREGUNTAR : TO ASK TOCAR : TO TOUCH, PLAY MEJORAR : TO IMPROVE ESTUDIAR : TO STUDY ACOSTAR(SE) : TO GO TO BED NACER : TO BE BORN MANDAR : TO SEND CORRER : TO RUN PREOCUPAR(SE) : TO WORRY PAGAR : TO PAY AYUDAR : TO HELP GUSTAR : TO LIKE JUGAR : TO PLAY ESCUCHAR : TO LISTEN CUMPLIR : TO COMPLETE OFRECER : TO OFFER DEVOLVER : TO DISCOVER LEVANTAR : (SE) TO GET UP ROMPER : TO BREAK USAR : TO USE