ISO8601DateFormatter.m

/*ISO8601DateFormatter.m
 *
 *Created by Peter Hosey on 2009-04-11.
 *Copyright 2009 Peter Hosey. All rights reserved.
 */

@import Foundation;
#import "ISO8601DateFormatter.h"

#ifndef DEFAULT_TIME_SEPARATOR
#	define DEFAULT_TIME_SEPARATOR ':'
#endif
unichar ISO8601DefaultTimeSeparatorCharacter = DEFAULT_TIME_SEPARATOR;

//Unicode date formats.
#define ISO_CALENDAR_DATE_FORMAT @"yyyy-MM-dd"
//#define ISO_WEEK_DATE_FORMAT @"YYYY-'W'ww-ee" //Doesn't actually work because NSDateComponents counts the weekday starting at 1.
#define ISO_ORDINAL_DATE_FORMAT @"yyyy-DDD"
#define ISO_TIME_FORMAT @"HH:mm:ss"
#define ISO_TIME_WITH_TIMEZONE_FORMAT  ISO_TIME_FORMAT @"Z"
//printf formats.
#define ISO_TIMEZONE_UTC_FORMAT @"Z"
#define ISO_TIMEZONE_OFFSET_FORMAT @"%+.2d%.2d"

@interface ISO8601DateFormatter(UnparsingPrivate)

- (NSString *) replaceColonsInString:(NSString *)timeFormat withTimeSeparator:(unichar)timeSep;

- (NSString *) stringFromDate:(NSDate *)date formatString:(NSString *)dateFormat timeZone:(NSTimeZone *)timeZone;
- (NSString *) weekDateStringForDate:(NSDate *)date timeZone:(NSTimeZone *)timeZone;

@end

static NSMutableDictionary *timeZonesByOffset;

@implementation ISO8601DateFormatter

+ (void) initialize {
	if (!timeZonesByOffset) {
		timeZonesByOffset = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
	}
}

+ (void) purgeGlobalCaches {
	timeZonesByOffset = nil;
}

- (NSCalendar *) makeCalendarWithDesiredConfiguration {
	NSCalendar *calendar = [[NSCalendar alloc] initWithCalendarIdentifier:NSGregorianCalendar];
	calendar.firstWeekday = 2; //Monday
	calendar.timeZone = [NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone];
	return calendar;
}

- (id) init {
	if ((self = [super init])) {
		parsingCalendar = [self makeCalendarWithDesiredConfiguration];
		unparsingCalendar = [self makeCalendarWithDesiredConfiguration];

		format = ISO8601DateFormatCalendar;
		timeSeparator = ISO8601DefaultTimeSeparatorCharacter;
		includeTime = NO;
		parsesStrictly = NO;
	}
	return self;
}

@synthesize defaultTimeZone;
- (void) setDefaultTimeZone:(NSTimeZone *)tz {
	if (defaultTimeZone != tz) {
		defaultTimeZone = tz;

		unparsingCalendar.timeZone = defaultTimeZone;
	}
}

//The following properties are only here because GCC doesn't like @synthesize in category implementations.

#pragma mark Parsing

@synthesize parsesStrictly;

static NSUInteger read_segment(const unsigned char *str, const unsigned char **next, NSUInteger *out_num_digits);
static NSUInteger read_segment_4digits(const unsigned char *str, const unsigned char **next, NSUInteger *out_num_digits);
static NSUInteger read_segment_2digits(const unsigned char *str, const unsigned char **next);
static double read_double(const unsigned char *str, const unsigned char **next);
static BOOL is_leap_year(NSUInteger year);

/*Valid ISO 8601 date formats:
 *
 *YYYYMMDD
 *YYYY-MM-DD
 *YYYY-MM
 *YYYY
 *YY //century 
 * //Implied century: YY is 00-99
 *  YYMMDD
 *  YY-MM-DD
 * -YYMM
 * -YY-MM
 * -YY
 * //Implied year
 *  --MMDD
 *  --MM-DD
 *  --MM
 * //Implied year and month
 *   ---DD
 * //Ordinal dates: DDD is the number of the day in the year (1-366)
 *YYYYDDD
 *YYYY-DDD
 *  YYDDD
 *  YY-DDD
 *   -DDD
 * //Week-based dates: ww is the number of the week, and d is the number (1-7) of the day in the week
 *yyyyWwwd
 *yyyy-Www-d
 *yyyyWww
 *yyyy-Www
 *yyWwwd
 *yy-Www-d
 *yyWww
 *yy-Www
 * //Year of the implied decade
 *-yWwwd
 *-y-Www-d
 *-yWww
 *-y-Www
 * //Week and day of implied year
 *  -Wwwd
 *  -Www-d
 * //Week only of implied year
 *  -Www
 * //Day only of implied week
 *  -W-d
 */

- (NSDateComponents *) dateComponentsFromString:(NSString *)string {
	return [self dateComponentsFromString:string timeZone:NULL];
}
- (NSDateComponents *) dateComponentsFromString:(NSString *)string timeZone:(out NSTimeZone **)outTimeZone {
	return [self dateComponentsFromString:string timeZone:outTimeZone range:NULL];
}
- (NSDateComponents *) dateComponentsFromString:(NSString *)string timeZone:(out NSTimeZone **)outTimeZone range:(out NSRange *)outRange {
	NSDate *now = [NSDate date];

	NSDateComponents *components = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
	NSDateComponents *nowComponents = [parsingCalendar components:(NSYearCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit) fromDate:now];

	NSUInteger
		//Date
		year,
		month_or_week = 0U,
		day = 0U,
		//Time
		hour = 0U;
	NSTimeInterval
		minute = 0.0,
		second = 0.0;
	//Time zone
	NSInteger tz_hour = 0;
	NSInteger tz_minute = 0;

	enum {
		monthAndDate,
		week,
		dateOnly
	} dateSpecification = monthAndDate;

	BOOL strict = self.parsesStrictly;
	unichar timeSep = self.timeSeparator;

	if (strict) timeSep = ISO8601DefaultTimeSeparatorCharacter;
	NSAssert(timeSep != '\0', @"Time separator must not be NUL.");

	BOOL isValidDate = ([string length] > 0U);
	NSTimeZone *timeZone = nil;

	const unsigned char *ch = (const unsigned char *)[string UTF8String];

	NSRange range = { 0U, 0U };
	const unsigned char *start_of_date = NULL;
	if (strict && isspace(*ch)) {
		range.location = NSNotFound;
		isValidDate = NO;
	} else {
		//Skip leading whitespace.
		NSUInteger i = 0U;
		for(NSUInteger len = strlen((const char *)ch); i < len; ++i) {
			if (!isspace(ch[i]))
				break;
		}

		range.location = i;
		ch += i;
		start_of_date = ch;

		NSUInteger segment;
		NSUInteger num_leading_hyphens = 0U, num_digits = 0U;

		if (*ch == 'T') {
			//There is no date here, only a time. Set the date to now; then we'll parse the time.
			isValidDate = isdigit(*++ch);

			year = nowComponents.year;
			month_or_week = nowComponents.month;
			day = nowComponents.day;
		} else {
			while(*ch == '-') {
				++num_leading_hyphens;
				++ch;
			}

			segment = read_segment(ch, &ch, &num_digits);
			switch(num_digits) {
				case 0:
					if (*ch == 'W') {
						if ((ch[1] == '-') && isdigit(ch[2]) && ((num_leading_hyphens == 1U) || ((num_leading_hyphens == 2U) && !strict))) {
							year = nowComponents.year;
							month_or_week = 1U;
							ch += 2;
							goto parseDayAfterWeek;
						} else if (num_leading_hyphens == 1U) {
							year = nowComponents.year;
							goto parseWeekAndDay;
						} else
							isValidDate = NO;
					} else
						isValidDate = NO;
					break;

				case 8: //YYYY MM DD
					if (num_leading_hyphens > 0U)
						isValidDate = NO;
					else {
						day = segment % 100U;
						segment /= 100U;
						month_or_week = segment % 100U;
						year = segment / 100U;
					}
					break;

				case 6: //YYMMDD (implicit century)
					if (num_leading_hyphens > 0U)
						isValidDate = NO;
					else {
						day = segment % 100U;
						segment /= 100U;
						month_or_week = segment % 100U;
						year  = nowComponents.year;
						year -= (year % 100U);
						year += segment / 100U;
					}
					break;

				case 4:
					switch(num_leading_hyphens) {
						case 0: //YYYY
							year = segment;

							if (*ch == '-') ++ch;

							if (!isdigit(*ch)) {
								if (*ch == 'W')
									goto parseWeekAndDay;
								else
									month_or_week = day = 1U;
							} else {
								segment = read_segment(ch, &ch, &num_digits);
								switch(num_digits) {
									case 4: //MMDD
										day = segment % 100U;
										month_or_week = segment / 100U;
										break;

									case 2: //MM
										month_or_week = segment;

										if (*ch == '-') ++ch;
										if (!isdigit(*ch))
											day = 1U;
										else
											day = read_segment(ch, &ch, NULL);
										break;

									case 3: //DDD
										day = segment % 1000U;
										dateSpecification = dateOnly;
										if (strict && (day > (365U + is_leap_year(year))))
											isValidDate = NO;
										break;

									default:
										isValidDate = NO;
								}
							}
							break;

						case 1: //YYMM
							month_or_week = segment % 100U;
							year = segment / 100U;

							if (*ch == '-') ++ch;
							if (!isdigit(*ch))
								day = 1U;
							else
								day = read_segment(ch, &ch, NULL);

							break;

						case 2: //MMDD
							day = segment % 100U;
							month_or_week = segment / 100U;
							year = nowComponents.year;

							break;

						default:
							isValidDate = NO;
					} //switch(num_leading_hyphens) (4 digits)
					break;

				case 1:
					if (strict) {
						//Two digits only - never just one.
						if (num_leading_hyphens == 1U) {
							if (*ch == '-') ++ch;
							if (*++ch == 'W') {
								year  = nowComponents.year;
								year -= (year % 10U);
								year += segment;
								goto parseWeekAndDay;
							} else
								isValidDate = NO;
						} else
							isValidDate = NO;
						break;
					}
				case 2:
					switch(num_leading_hyphens) {
						case 0:
							if (*ch == '-') {
								//Implicit century
								year  = nowComponents.year;
								year -= (year % 100U);
								year += segment;

								if (*++ch == 'W')
									goto parseWeekAndDay;
								else if (!isdigit(*ch)) {
									goto centuryOnly;
								} else {
									//Get month and/or date.
									segment = read_segment_4digits(ch, &ch, &num_digits);
									NSLog(@"(%@) parsing month; segment is %lu and ch is %s", string, (unsigned long)segment, ch);
									switch(num_digits) {
										case 4: //YY-MMDD
											day = segment % 100U;
											month_or_week = segment / 100U;
											break;

										case 1: //YY-M; YY-M-DD (extension)
											if (strict) {
												isValidDate = NO;
												break;
											}
										case 2: //YY-MM; YY-MM-DD
											month_or_week = segment;
											if (*ch == '-') {
												if (isdigit(*++ch))
													day = read_segment_2digits(ch, &ch);
												else
													day = 1U;
											} else
												day = 1U;
											break;

										case 3: //Ordinal date.
											day = segment;
											dateSpecification = dateOnly;
											break;
									}
								}
							} else if (*ch == 'W') {
								year  = nowComponents.year;
								year -= (year % 100U);
								year += segment;

							parseWeekAndDay: //*ch should be 'W' here.
								if (!isdigit(*++ch)) {
									//Not really a week-based date; just a year followed by '-W'.
									if (strict)
										isValidDate = NO;
									else
										month_or_week = day = 1U;
								} else {
									month_or_week = read_segment_2digits(ch, &ch);
									if (*ch == '-') ++ch;
								parseDayAfterWeek:
									day = isdigit(*ch) ? read_segment_2digits(ch, &ch) : 1U;
									dateSpecification = week;
								}
							} else {
								//Century only. Assume current year.
							centuryOnly:
								year = segment * 100U + nowComponents.year % 100U;
								month_or_week = day = 1U;
							}
							break;

						case 1: { //-YY; -YY-MM (implicit century)
							NSLog(@"(%@) found %lu digits and one hyphen, so this is either -YY or -YY-MM; segment (year) is %lu", string, (unsigned long)num_digits, (unsigned long)segment);
							NSUInteger current_year = nowComponents.year;
							NSUInteger current_century = (current_year % 100U);
							year = segment + (current_year - current_century);
							if (num_digits == 1U) //implied decade
								year += current_century - (current_year % 10U);

							if (*ch == '-') {
								++ch;
								month_or_week = read_segment_2digits(ch, &ch);
								NSLog(@"(%@) month is %lu", string, (unsigned long)month_or_week);
							}

							day = 1U;
						}
							break;

						case 2: //--MM; --MM-DD
							year = nowComponents.year;
							month_or_week = segment;
							if (*ch == '-') {
								++ch;
								day = read_segment_2digits(ch, &ch);
							}
							break;

						case 3: //---DD
							year = nowComponents.year;
							month_or_week = nowComponents.month;
							day = segment;
							break;

						default:
							isValidDate = NO;
					} //switch(num_leading_hyphens) (2 digits)
					break;

				case 7: //YYYY DDD (ordinal date)
					if (num_leading_hyphens > 0U)
						isValidDate = NO;
					else {
						day = segment % 1000U;
						year = segment / 1000U;
						dateSpecification = dateOnly;
						if (strict && (day > (365U + is_leap_year(year))))
							isValidDate = NO;
					}
					break;

				case 3: //--DDD (ordinal date, implicit year)
					//Technically, the standard only allows one hyphen. But it says that two hyphens is the logical implementation, and one was dropped for brevity. So I have chosen to allow the missing hyphen.
					if ((num_leading_hyphens < 1U) || ((num_leading_hyphens > 2U) && !strict))
						isValidDate = NO;
					else {
						day = segment;
						year = nowComponents.year;
						dateSpecification = dateOnly;
						if (strict && (day > (365U + is_leap_year(year))))
							isValidDate = NO;
					}
					break;

				default:
					isValidDate = NO;
			}
		}

		if (isValidDate) {
			if (isspace(*ch) || (*ch == 'T')) ++ch;

			if (isdigit(*ch)) {
				hour = read_segment_2digits(ch, &ch);
				if (*ch == timeSep) {
					++ch;
					if ((timeSep == ',') || (timeSep == '.')) {
						//We can't do fractional minutes when '.' is the segment separator.
						//Only allow whole minutes and whole seconds.
						minute = read_segment_2digits(ch, &ch);
						if (*ch == timeSep) {
							++ch;
							second = read_segment_2digits(ch, &ch);
						}
					} else {
						//Allow a fractional minute.
						//If we don't get a fraction, look for a seconds segment.
						//Otherwise, the fraction of a minute is the seconds.
						minute = read_double(ch, &ch);
						second = modf(minute, &minute);
						if (second > DBL_EPSILON)
							second *= 60.0; //Convert fraction (e.g. .5) into seconds (e.g. 30).
						else if (*ch == timeSep) {
							++ch;
							second = read_double(ch, &ch);
						}
					}
				}

				if (!strict) {
					if (isspace(*ch)) ++ch;
				}

				switch(*ch) {
					case 'Z':
						timeZone = [NSTimeZone timeZoneWithAbbreviation:@"UTC"];
						break;

					case '+':
					case '-':;
						BOOL negative = (*ch == '-');
						if (isdigit(*++ch)) {
							//Read hour offset.
							segment = *ch - '0';
							if (isdigit(*++ch)) {
								segment *= 10U;
								segment += *(ch++) - '0';
							}
							tz_hour = (NSInteger)segment;
							if (negative) tz_hour = -tz_hour;

							//Optional separator.
							if (*ch == timeSep) ++ch;

							if (isdigit(*ch)) {
								//Read minute offset.
								segment = *ch - '0';
								if (isdigit(*++ch)) {
									segment *= 10U;
									segment += *ch - '0';
								}
								tz_minute = segment;
								if (negative) tz_minute = -tz_minute;
							}

							NSInteger timeZoneOffset = (tz_hour * 3600) + (tz_minute * 60);
							NSNumber *offsetNum = @(timeZoneOffset);
							timeZone = timeZonesByOffset[offsetNum];
							if (!timeZone) {
								timeZone = [NSTimeZone timeZoneForSecondsFromGMT:timeZoneOffset];
								if (timeZone)
									timeZonesByOffset[offsetNum] = timeZone;
							}
						}
				}
			}
		}

		if (isValidDate) {
			components.year = year;
			components.day = day;
			components.hour = hour;
			components.minute = (NSInteger)minute;
			components.second = (NSInteger)second;

			switch(dateSpecification) {
				case monthAndDate:
					components.month = month_or_week;
					break;

				case week: {
					//Adapted from <http://personal.ecu.edu/mccartyr/ISOwdALG.txt>.
					//This works by converting the week date into an ordinal date, then letting the next case handle it.
					NSUInteger prevYear = year - 1U;
					NSUInteger YY = prevYear % 100U;
					NSUInteger C = prevYear - YY;
					NSUInteger G = YY + YY / 4U;
					NSUInteger isLeapYear = (((C / 100U) % 4U) * 5U);
					NSUInteger Jan1Weekday = (isLeapYear + G) % 7U;
					enum { monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday/*, friday, saturday, sunday*/ };
					components.day = ((8U - Jan1Weekday) + (7U * (Jan1Weekday > thursday))) + (day - 1U) + (7U * (month_or_week - 2));
				}
				case dateOnly: //An "ordinal date".
					break;
			}
		}
	} //if (!(strict && isdigit(ch[0])))

	if (outRange) {
		if (isValidDate)
			range.length = ch - start_of_date;
		else
			range.location = NSNotFound;

		*outRange = range;
	}
	if (outTimeZone) {
		*outTimeZone = timeZone;
	}

	return components;
}

- (NSDate *) dateFromString:(NSString *)string {
	return [self dateFromString:string timeZone:NULL];
}
- (NSDate *) dateFromString:(NSString *)string timeZone:(out NSTimeZone **)outTimeZone {
	return [self dateFromString:string timeZone:outTimeZone range:NULL];
}
- (NSDate *) dateFromString:(NSString *)string timeZone:(out NSTimeZone **)outTimeZone range:(out NSRange *)outRange {
	NSTimeZone *timeZone = nil;
	NSDateComponents *components = [self dateComponentsFromString:string timeZone:&timeZone range:outRange];
	if (outTimeZone)
		*outTimeZone = timeZone;
	parsingCalendar.timeZone = timeZone;

	return [parsingCalendar dateFromComponents:components];
}

- (BOOL)getObjectValue:(id *)outValue forString:(NSString *)string errorDescription:(NSString **)error {
	NSDate *date = [self dateFromString:string];
	if (outValue)
		*outValue = date;
	return (date != nil);
}

#pragma mark Unparsing

@synthesize format;
@synthesize includeTime;
@synthesize timeSeparator;

- (NSString *) replaceColonsInString:(NSString *)timeFormat withTimeSeparator:(unichar)timeSep {
	if (timeSep != ':') {
		NSMutableString *timeFormatMutable = [timeFormat mutableCopy];
		[timeFormatMutable replaceOccurrencesOfString:@":"
		                               	   withString:[NSString stringWithCharacters:&timeSep length:1U]
	                                      	  options:NSBackwardsSearch | NSLiteralSearch
	                                        	range:(NSRange){ 0UL, [timeFormat length] }];
		timeFormat = timeFormatMutable;
	}
	return timeFormat;
}

- (NSString *) stringFromDate:(NSDate *)date {
	NSTimeZone *timeZone = self.defaultTimeZone;
	if (!timeZone) timeZone = [NSTimeZone defaultTimeZone];
	return [self stringFromDate:date timeZone:timeZone];
}

- (NSString *) stringFromDate:(NSDate *)date timeZone:(NSTimeZone *)timeZone {
	switch (self.format) {
		case ISO8601DateFormatCalendar:
			return [self stringFromDate:date formatString:ISO_CALENDAR_DATE_FORMAT timeZone:timeZone];
		case ISO8601DateFormatWeek:
			return [self weekDateStringForDate:date timeZone:timeZone];
		case ISO8601DateFormatOrdinal:
			return [self stringFromDate:date formatString:ISO_ORDINAL_DATE_FORMAT timeZone:timeZone];
		default:
			[NSException raise:NSInternalInconsistencyException format:@"self.format was %d, not calendar (%d), week (%d), or ordinal (%d)", self.format, ISO8601DateFormatCalendar, ISO8601DateFormatWeek, ISO8601DateFormatOrdinal];
			return nil;
	}
}

- (NSString *) stringFromDate:(NSDate *)date formatString:(NSString *)dateFormat timeZone:(NSTimeZone *)timeZone {
	if (includeTime)
		dateFormat = [dateFormat stringByAppendingFormat:@"'T'%@", [self replaceColonsInString:ISO_TIME_FORMAT withTimeSeparator:self.timeSeparator]];

	unparsingCalendar.timeZone = timeZone;

	if (dateFormat != lastUsedFormatString) {
		unparsingFormatter = nil;

		lastUsedFormatString = dateFormat;
	}

	if (!unparsingFormatter) {
		unparsingFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
		unparsingFormatter.formatterBehavior = NSDateFormatterBehavior10_4;
		unparsingFormatter.dateFormat = dateFormat;
		unparsingFormatter.calendar = unparsingCalendar;
	}

	NSString *str = [unparsingFormatter stringForObjectValue:date];

	if (includeTime) {
		NSInteger offset = [timeZone secondsFromGMT];
		offset /= 60;  //bring down to minutes
		if (offset == 0)
			str = [str stringByAppendingString:ISO_TIMEZONE_UTC_FORMAT];
		else
			str = [str stringByAppendingFormat:ISO_TIMEZONE_OFFSET_FORMAT, offset / 60, offset % 60];
	}

	//Undo the change we made earlier
	unparsingCalendar.timeZone = self.defaultTimeZone;

	return str;
}

- (NSString *) stringForObjectValue:(id)value {
	NSParameterAssert([value isKindOfClass:[NSDate class]]);

	return [self stringFromDate:(NSDate *)value];
}

/*Adapted from:
 *	Algorithm for Converting Gregorian Dates to ISO 8601 Week Date
 *	Rick McCarty, 1999
 *	http://personal.ecu.edu/mccartyr/ISOwdALG.txt
 */
- (NSString *) weekDateStringForDate:(NSDate *)date timeZone:(NSTimeZone *)timeZone {
	unparsingCalendar.timeZone = timeZone;
	NSDateComponents *components = [unparsingCalendar components:NSYearCalendarUnit | NSWeekdayCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit fromDate:date];

	//Determine the ordinal date.
	NSDateComponents *startOfYearComponents = [unparsingCalendar components:NSYearCalendarUnit fromDate:date];
	startOfYearComponents.month = 1;
	startOfYearComponents.day = 1;
	NSDateComponents *ordinalComponents = [unparsingCalendar components:NSDayCalendarUnit fromDate:[unparsingCalendar dateFromComponents:startOfYearComponents] toDate:date options:0];
	ordinalComponents.day += 1;

	enum {
		monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday, sunday
	};
	enum {
		january = 1, february, march,
		april, may, june,
		july, august, september,
		october, november, december
	};

	NSInteger year = components.year;
	NSInteger week = 0;
	//The old unparser added 6 to [calendarDate dayOfWeek], which was zero-based; components.weekday is one-based, so we now add only 5.
	NSInteger dayOfWeek = (components.weekday + 5) % 7;
	NSInteger dayOfYear = ordinalComponents.day;

	NSInteger prevYear = year - 1;

	BOOL yearIsLeapYear = is_leap_year(year);
	BOOL prevYearIsLeapYear = is_leap_year(prevYear);

	NSInteger YY = prevYear % 100;
	NSInteger C = prevYear - YY;
	NSInteger G = YY + YY / 4;
	NSInteger Jan1Weekday = (((((C / 100) % 4) * 5) + G) % 7);

	NSInteger weekday = ((dayOfYear + Jan1Weekday) - 1) % 7;

	if((dayOfYear <= (7 - Jan1Weekday)) && (Jan1Weekday > thursday)) {
		week = 52 + ((Jan1Weekday == friday) || ((Jan1Weekday == saturday) && prevYearIsLeapYear));
		--year;
	} else {
		NSInteger lengthOfYear = 365 + yearIsLeapYear;
		if((lengthOfYear - dayOfYear) < (thursday - weekday)) {
			++year;
			week = 1;
		} else {
			NSInteger J = dayOfYear + (sunday - weekday) + Jan1Weekday;
			week = J / 7 - (Jan1Weekday > thursday);
		}
	}

	NSString *timeString;
	if(includeTime) {
		NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
		unichar timeSep = self.timeSeparator;
		if (!timeSep) timeSep = ISO8601DefaultTimeSeparatorCharacter;
		formatter.dateFormat = [self replaceColonsInString:ISO_TIME_WITH_TIMEZONE_FORMAT withTimeSeparator:timeSep];

		timeString = [formatter stringForObjectValue:date];
	} else
		timeString = @"";

	return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lu-W%02lu-%02lu%@", (unsigned long)year, (unsigned long)week, ((unsigned long)dayOfWeek) + 1U, timeString];
}

@end

static NSUInteger read_segment(const unsigned char *str, const unsigned char **next, NSUInteger *out_num_digits) {
	NSUInteger num_digits = 0U;
	NSUInteger value = 0U;

	while(isdigit(*str)) {
		value *= 10U;
		value += *str - '0';
		++num_digits;
		++str;
	}

	if (next) *next = str;
	if (out_num_digits) *out_num_digits = num_digits;

	return value;
}
static NSUInteger read_segment_4digits(const unsigned char *str, const unsigned char **next, NSUInteger *out_num_digits) {
	NSUInteger num_digits = 0U;
	NSUInteger value = 0U;

	if (isdigit(*str)) {
		value += *(str++) - '0';
		++num_digits;
	}

	if (isdigit(*str)) {
		value *= 10U;
		value += *(str++) - '0';
		++num_digits;
	}

	if (isdigit(*str)) {
		value *= 10U;
		value += *(str++) - '0';
		++num_digits;
	}

	if (isdigit(*str)) {
		value *= 10U;
		value += *(str++) - '0';
		++num_digits;
	}

	if (next) *next = str;
	if (out_num_digits) *out_num_digits = num_digits;

	return value;
}
static NSUInteger read_segment_2digits(const unsigned char *str, const unsigned char **next) {
	NSUInteger value = 0U;

	if (isdigit(*str))
		value += *str - '0';

	if (isdigit(*++str)) {
		value *= 10U;
		value += *(str++) - '0';
	}

	if (next) *next = str;

	return value;
}

//strtod doesn't support ',' as a separator. This does.
static double read_double(const unsigned char *str, const unsigned char **next) {
	double value = 0.0;

	if (str) {
		NSUInteger int_value = 0;

		while(isdigit(*str)) {
			int_value *= 10U;
			int_value += (*(str++) - '0');
		}
		value = int_value;

		if (((*str == ',') || (*str == '.'))) {
			++str;

			register double multiplier, multiplier_multiplier;
			multiplier = multiplier_multiplier = 0.1;

			while(isdigit(*str)) {
				value += (*(str++) - '0') * multiplier;
				multiplier *= multiplier_multiplier;
			}
		}
	}

	if (next) *next = str;

	return value;
}

static BOOL is_leap_year(NSUInteger year) {
	return \
	    ((year %   4U) == 0U)
	&& (((year % 100U) != 0U)
	||  ((year % 400U) == 0U));
}