diff --git a/app/models/good_job/batch.rb b/app/models/good_job/batch.rb
index ba2dcc2d..249272f9 100644
--- a/app/models/good_job/batch.rb
+++ b/app/models/good_job/batch.rb
@@ -26,10 +26,12 @@ class Batch
       :enqueued_at,
       :finished_at,
       :discarded_at,
+      :callbacks_finished_at,
       :enqueued?,
       :finished?,
       :succeeded?,
       :discarded?,
+      :callbacks_finished?,
       :description,
       :description=,
       :on_finish,
@@ -142,7 +144,9 @@ def retry
         buffer = GoodJob::Adapter::InlineBuffer.capture do
           record.transaction do
             record.with_advisory_lock(function: "pg_advisory_xact_lock") do
-              record.update!(discarded_at: nil, finished_at: nil)
+              update_attributes = { discarded_at: nil, finished_at: nil }
+              update_attributes[:callbacks_finished_at] = nil if GoodJob::BatchRecord.callbacks_finished_at_migrated?
+              record.update!(update_attributes)
               record.jobs.discarded.each(&:retry_job)
               record._continue_discard_or_finish(lock: false)
             end
diff --git a/app/models/good_job/batch_record.rb b/app/models/good_job/batch_record.rb
index bf162d58..da33303f 100644
--- a/app/models/good_job/batch_record.rb
+++ b/app/models/good_job/batch_record.rb
@@ -18,11 +18,16 @@ class BatchRecord < BaseRecord
     scope :not_discarded, -> { where(discarded_at: nil) }
     scope :succeeded, -> { finished.not_discarded }
 
-    scope :finished_before, ->(timestamp) { where(arel_table['finished_at'].lteq(bind_value('finished_at', timestamp, ActiveRecord::Type::DateTime))) }
+    # TODO: v5 rename this `callbacks_finished_before`
+    scope :finished_before, lambda { |timestamp|
+      finished_column_name = callbacks_finished_at_migrated? ? 'callbacks_finished_at' : 'finished_at'
+      where(arel_table[finished_column_name].lteq(bind_value(finished_column_name, timestamp, ActiveRecord::Type::DateTime)))
+    }
 
     alias_attribute :enqueued?, :enqueued_at
     alias_attribute :discarded?, :discarded_at
     alias_attribute :finished?, :finished_at
+    alias_attribute :callbacks_finished?, :callbacks_finished_at
 
     scope :display_all, (lambda do |after_created_at: nil, after_id: nil|
       query = order(created_at: :desc, id: :desc)
@@ -38,6 +43,17 @@ class BatchRecord < BaseRecord
       query
     end)
 
+    def self.callbacks_finished_at_migrated?
+      column_names.include?('callbacks_finished_at')
+    end
+
+    def self.indexes_migrated?
+      return true if connection.index_name_exists?(:good_job_batches, :index_good_job_batches_for_cleanup)
+
+      migration_pending_warning!
+      false
+    end
+
     # Whether the batch has finished and no jobs were discarded
     # @return [Boolean]
     def succeeded?
@@ -52,13 +68,14 @@ def display_attributes
       attributes.except('serialized_properties').merge(properties: properties)
     end
 
-    def _continue_discard_or_finish(execution = nil, lock: true)
-      execution_discarded = execution && execution.finished_at.present? && execution.error.present?
+    def _continue_discard_or_finish(job = nil, lock: true)
+      job_discarded = job && job.finished_at.present? && job.error.present?
       buffer = GoodJob::Adapter::InlineBuffer.capture do
         advisory_lock_maybe(lock) do
           Batch.within_thread(batch_id: nil, batch_callback_id: id) do
             reload
-            if execution_discarded && !discarded_at
+
+            if job_discarded && !discarded_at
               update(discarded_at: Time.current)
               on_discard.constantize.set(priority: callback_priority, queue: callback_queue_name).perform_later(to_batch, { event: :discard }) if on_discard.present?
             end
@@ -68,6 +85,8 @@ def _continue_discard_or_finish(execution = nil, lock: true)
               on_success.constantize.set(priority: callback_priority, queue: callback_queue_name).perform_later(to_batch, { event: :success }) if !discarded_at && on_success.present?
               on_finish.constantize.set(priority: callback_priority, queue: callback_queue_name).perform_later(to_batch, { event: :finish }) if on_finish.present?
             end
+
+            update(callbacks_finished_at: Time.current) if finished_at && self.class.callbacks_finished_at_migrated? && callbacks_finished_at.nil? && callback_jobs.where(finished_at: nil).count.zero?
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/app/models/good_job/job.rb b/app/models/good_job/job.rb
index 0aa4f9d9..8bbfebb8 100644
--- a/app/models/good_job/job.rb
+++ b/app/models/good_job/job.rb
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class Job < BaseRecord
     set_callback :perform_unlocked, :after, :continue_discard_or_finish_batch
 
     belongs_to :batch, class_name: 'GoodJob::BatchRecord', inverse_of: :jobs, optional: true
+    belongs_to :callback_batch, class_name: 'GoodJob::BatchRecord', foreign_key: :batch_callback_id, inverse_of: :callback_jobs, optional: true
     belongs_to :locked_by_process, class_name: "GoodJob::Process", foreign_key: :locked_by_id, inverse_of: :locked_jobs, optional: true
     has_many :executions, class_name: 'GoodJob::Execution', foreign_key: 'active_job_id', primary_key: "id", inverse_of: :job, dependent: :delete_all
 
@@ -743,6 +744,7 @@ def reset_batch_values(&block)
 
     def continue_discard_or_finish_batch
       batch._continue_discard_or_finish(self) if batch.present?
+      callback_batch._continue_discard_or_finish if callback_batch.present?
     end
 
     def active_job_data
diff --git a/demo/db/migrate/20240801143343_add_callbacks_finished_at_to_good_job_batches.rb b/demo/db/migrate/20240801143343_add_callbacks_finished_at_to_good_job_batches.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c630a97c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/demo/db/migrate/20240801143343_add_callbacks_finished_at_to_good_job_batches.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class AddCallbacksFinishedAtToGoodJobBatches < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.1]
+  def change
+    reversible do |dir|
+      dir.up do
+        # Ensure this incremental update migration is idempotent
+        # with monolithic install migration.
+        return if connection.column_exists?(:good_job_batches, :callbacks_finished_at)
+      end
+    end
+
+    change_table :good_job_batches do |t|
+      t.datetime :callbacks_finished_at
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/demo/db/migrate/20240801143344_add_indexes_to_good_job_batches.rb b/demo/db/migrate/20240801143344_add_indexes_to_good_job_batches.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23f43b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/demo/db/migrate/20240801143344_add_indexes_to_good_job_batches.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class AddIndexesToGoodJobBatches < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.1]
+  disable_ddl_transaction!
+
+  def change
+    reversible do |dir|
+      dir.up do
+        return if connection.index_name_exists?(:good_job_batches, :index_good_job_batches_for_cleanup)
+      end
+    end
+
+    add_index :good_job_batches, [:created_at, :id], name: "index_good_job_batches_for_display", algorithm: :concurrently
+    add_index :good_job_batches, [:callbacks_finished_at, :discarded_at], order: { callbacks_finished_at: :asc, discarded_at: "ASC NULLS LAST" },
+      where: "(callbacks_finished_at IS NOT NULL)", name: "index_good_job_batches_for_cleanup", algorithm: :concurrently
+  end
+end
diff --git a/demo/db/schema.rb b/demo/db/schema.rb
index d8bc826f..b65cf86a 100644
--- a/demo/db/schema.rb
+++ b/demo/db/schema.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2024_06_13_151310) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2024_08_01_143344) do
   # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
   enable_extension "pgcrypto"
   enable_extension "plpgsql"
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@
     t.datetime "enqueued_at"
     t.datetime "discarded_at"
     t.datetime "finished_at"
+    t.datetime "callbacks_finished_at"
+    t.index ["callbacks_finished_at", "discarded_at"], name: "index_good_job_batches_for_cleanup", where: "(callbacks_finished_at IS NOT NULL)"
+    t.index ["created_at", "id"], name: "index_good_job_batches_for_display"
   end
 
   create_table "good_job_executions", id: :uuid, default: -> { "gen_random_uuid()" }, force: :cascade do |t|
diff --git a/lib/generators/good_job/templates/install/migrations/create_good_jobs.rb.erb b/lib/generators/good_job/templates/install/migrations/create_good_jobs.rb.erb
index ab5da0a0..22f3fc2d 100644
--- a/lib/generators/good_job/templates/install/migrations/create_good_jobs.rb.erb
+++ b/lib/generators/good_job/templates/install/migrations/create_good_jobs.rb.erb
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ class CreateGoodJobs < ActiveRecord::Migration<%= migration_version %>
       t.datetime :enqueued_at
       t.datetime :discarded_at
       t.datetime :finished_at
+      t.datetime :callbacks_finished_at
     end
 
     create_table :good_job_executions, id: :uuid do |t|
@@ -98,5 +99,8 @@ class CreateGoodJobs < ActiveRecord::Migration<%= migration_version %>
     add_index :good_jobs, :locked_by_id,
       where: "locked_by_id IS NOT NULL", name: "index_good_jobs_on_locked_by_id"
     add_index :good_job_executions, [:process_id, :created_at], name: :index_good_job_executions_on_process_id_and_created_at
+    add_index :good_job_batches, [:created_at, :id], name: "index_good_job_batches_for_display"
+    add_index :good_job_batches, [:callbacks_finished_at, :discarded_at], order: { callbacks_finished_at: :asc, discarded_at: "ASC NULLS LAST" },
+      where: "(callbacks_finished_at IS NOT NULL)", name: "index_good_job_batches_for_cleanup"
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/generators/good_job/templates/update/migrations/02_add_callbacks_finished_at_to_good_job_batches.rb.erb b/lib/generators/good_job/templates/update/migrations/02_add_callbacks_finished_at_to_good_job_batches.rb.erb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bac68f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/generators/good_job/templates/update/migrations/02_add_callbacks_finished_at_to_good_job_batches.rb.erb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class AddCallbacksFinishedAtToGoodJobBatches < ActiveRecord::Migration<%= migration_version %>
+  def change
+    reversible do |dir|
+      dir.up do
+        # Ensure this incremental update migration is idempotent
+        # with monolithic install migration.
+        return if connection.column_exists?(:good_job_batches, :callbacks_finished_at)
+      end
+    end
+
+    change_table :good_job_batches do |t|
+      t.datetime :callbacks_finished_at
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/generators/good_job/templates/update/migrations/03_add_indexes_to_good_job_batches.rb.erb b/lib/generators/good_job/templates/update/migrations/03_add_indexes_to_good_job_batches.rb.erb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8b7d728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/generators/good_job/templates/update/migrations/03_add_indexes_to_good_job_batches.rb.erb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class AddIndexesToGoodJobBatches < ActiveRecord::Migration<%= migration_version %>
+  disable_ddl_transaction!
+
+  def change
+    reversible do |dir|
+      dir.up do
+        return if connection.index_name_exists?(:good_job_batches, :index_good_job_batches_for_cleanup)
+      end
+    end
+
+    add_index :good_job_batches, [:created_at, :id], name: "index_good_job_batches_for_display", algorithm: :concurrently
+    add_index :good_job_batches, [:callbacks_finished_at, :discarded_at], order: { callbacks_finished_at: :asc, discarded_at: "ASC NULLS LAST" },
+      where: "(callbacks_finished_at IS NOT NULL)", name: "index_good_job_batches_for_cleanup", algorithm: :concurrently
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/good_job.rb b/lib/good_job.rb
index 72728d92..86a509fc 100644
--- a/lib/good_job.rb
+++ b/lib/good_job.rb
@@ -171,10 +171,10 @@ def self.restart(timeout: -1)
     _shutdown_all(Capsule.instances, :restart, timeout: timeout)
   end
 
-  # Sends +#shutdown+ or +#restart+ to executable objects ({GoodJob::Notifier}, {GoodJob::Poller}, {GoodJob::Scheduler}, {GoodJob::MultiScheduler}, {GoodJob::CronManager})
+  # Sends +#shutdown+ or +#restart+ to executable objects ({GoodJob::Notifier}, {GoodJob::Poller}, {GoodJob::Scheduler}, {GoodJob::MultiScheduler}, {GoodJob::CronManager}, {GoodJob::SharedExecutor})
   # @param executables [Array<Notifier, Poller, Scheduler, MultiScheduler, CronManager, SharedExecutor>] Objects to shut down.
-  # @param method_name [:symbol] Method to call, e.g. +:shutdown+ or +:restart+.
-  # @param timeout [nil,Numeric]
+  # @param method_name [Symbol] Method to call, e.g. +:shutdown+ or +:restart+.
+  # @param timeout [nil, Numeric] Seconds to wait for actively executing jobs to finish.
   # @param after [Array<Notifier, Poller, Scheduler, MultiScheduler, CronManager, SharedExecutor>] Objects to shut down after initial executables shut down.
   # @return [void]
   def self._shutdown_all(executables, method_name = :shutdown, timeout: -1, after: [])
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ def self.deprecator
   # For use in tests/CI to validate GoodJob is up-to-date.
   # @return [Boolean]
   def self.migrated?
-    true
+    GoodJob::BatchRecord.indexes_migrated?
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/spec/app/models/good_job/batch_record_spec.rb b/spec/app/models/good_job/batch_record_spec.rb
index a2d00249..9cebe60d 100644
--- a/spec/app/models/good_job/batch_record_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/app/models/good_job/batch_record_spec.rb
@@ -42,4 +42,35 @@
       expect(result.last).to eq last_job
     end
   end
+
+  describe 'callbacks_finished_at' do
+    it 'is set when all callback jobs are finished' do
+      batch = described_class.create!
+      batch.update(enqueued_at: Time.current, finished_at: Time.current)
+      batch.callback_jobs.create!(finished_at: nil)
+      batch.callback_jobs.create!(finished_at: Time.current)
+
+      batch._continue_discard_or_finish
+
+      expect(batch.reload.callbacks_finished_at).to be_nil
+
+      batch.callback_jobs.update(finished_at: Time.current)
+      batch._continue_discard_or_finish
+
+      expect(batch.reload.callbacks_finished_at).to be_within(1.second).of(Time.current)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'deletion logic' do
+    it 'checks callbacks_finished_at instead of finished_at' do
+      batch = described_class.create!
+      batch.update(enqueued_at: Time.current, finished_at: Time.current, callbacks_finished_at: nil)
+
+      expect { described_class.finished_before(Time.current).delete_all }.not_to change(described_class, :count)
+
+      batch.update(callbacks_finished_at: Time.current)
+
+      expect { described_class.finished_before(Time.current).delete_all }.to change(described_class, :count).by(-1)
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/app/models/good_job/batch_spec.rb b/spec/app/models/good_job/batch_spec.rb
index 3f76108f..fe1f83e2 100644
--- a/spec/app/models/good_job/batch_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/app/models/good_job/batch_spec.rb
@@ -117,11 +117,15 @@ def perform
 
       batch.retry
 
-      expect(batch.reload).to be_enqueued
+      batch.reload
+      expect(batch).to have_attributes(discarded_at: nil, finished_at: nil, callbacks_finished_at: nil)
+      expect(batch).to be_enqueued
 
       GoodJob.perform_inline
 
-      expect(batch.reload).to be_succeeded
+      batch.reload
+      expect(batch).to have_attributes(discarded_at: nil, finished_at: be_present, callbacks_finished_at: be_present)
+      expect(batch).to be_succeeded
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/integration/batch_spec.rb b/spec/integration/batch_spec.rb
index 91f19456..faeefc15 100644
--- a/spec/integration/batch_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/integration/batch_spec.rb
@@ -309,6 +309,7 @@ def perform(_batch, _params)
       expect(batch).to be_succeeded
       expect(batch.callback_active_jobs.count).to eq 1
       expect(batch.callback_active_jobs.first).to be_a TestJob::SuccessCallbackJob
+      expect(batch.callbacks_finished_at).to be_present
 
       job, callback_job = GoodJob::Job.order(:created_at).to_a
       expect(job.status).to eq :succeeded
@@ -351,4 +352,20 @@ def perform(_batch, _params)
       expect { batch.retry }.to change { GoodJob::Job.discarded.count }.by(-1)
     end
   end
+
+  describe 'batch deletion' do
+    it 'deletes batches only after their callback jobs have completed' do
+      batch = GoodJob::Batch.new
+      batch.on_finish = "BatchCallbackJob"
+      batch.enqueue do
+        TestJob.perform_later
+      end
+
+      GoodJob.perform_inline
+
+      batch.reload
+      expect(batch).to be_finished
+      expect(batch.callbacks_finished_at).to be_within(1.second).of(Time.current)
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/spec/lib/good_job_spec.rb b/spec/lib/good_job_spec.rb
index 3b1f83f8..d8e2ad2a 100644
--- a/spec/lib/good_job_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/lib/good_job_spec.rb
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
     let!(:old_finished_job) { GoodJob::Job.create!(active_job_id: SecureRandom.uuid, finished_at: 15.days.ago) }
     let!(:old_finished_job_execution) { GoodJob::Execution.create!(active_job_id: old_finished_job.active_job_id, finished_at: 16.days.ago) }
     let!(:old_discarded_job) { GoodJob::Job.create!(active_job_id: SecureRandom.uuid, finished_at: 15.days.ago, error: "Error") }
-    let!(:old_batch) { GoodJob::BatchRecord.create!(finished_at: 15.days.ago) }
+    let!(:old_batch) { GoodJob::BatchRecord.create!(finished_at: 14.days.ago, callbacks_finished_at: 15.days.ago) }
 
     it 'deletes finished jobs' do
       destroyed_records_count = described_class.cleanup_preserved_jobs(in_batches_of: 1)
@@ -110,6 +110,16 @@
       expect { old_discarded_job.reload }.not_to raise_error
       expect { old_batch.reload }.to raise_error ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
     end
+
+    it "does not delete batches until their callbacks have finished" do
+      old_batch.update!(callbacks_finished_at: nil)
+      described_class.cleanup_preserved_jobs
+      expect { old_batch.reload }.not_to raise_error
+
+      old_batch.update!(callbacks_finished_at: 15.days.ago)
+      described_class.cleanup_preserved_jobs
+      expect { old_batch.reload }.to raise_error ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
+    end
   end
 
   describe '.perform_inline' do