diff --git a/lib/iris/_concatenate.py b/lib/iris/_concatenate.py
index 41ac806be7..ae7d4e4cc1 100644
--- a/lib/iris/_concatenate.py
+++ b/lib/iris/_concatenate.py
@@ -290,8 +290,7 @@ def _hash_array(a: da.Array | np.ndarray) -> np.int64:
     """Calculate a hash representation of the provided array.
 
     Calculates a 64-bit non-cryptographic hash of the provided array, using
-    the extremely fast ``xxhash`` hashing algorithm, and returns the hexdigest
-    string representation of the hash.
+    the fast ``xxhash`` hashing algorithm.
 
     Note that the computed hash depends on how the array is chunked.
 
@@ -303,12 +302,13 @@ def _hash_array(a: da.Array | np.ndarray) -> np.int64:
     Returns
     -------
     np.int64
-        The string hexadecimal representation of the item's 64-bit hash.
+        The array's hash.
 
     """
 
     def arrayhash(x):
-        value = xxh3_64(x.data.tobytes())
+        value = xxh3_64(np.array(x.shape, dtype=np.uint).tobytes())
+        value.update(x.data.tobytes())
         if is_masked_data(x):
             value.update(x.mask.tobytes())
         return np.frombuffer(value.digest(), dtype=np.int64)
@@ -335,47 +335,34 @@ def __eq__(self, other: "_ArrayHash") -> bool:
         return self.value == other.value
 
 
-def _compute_hashes(
-    cubes: Iterable[iris.cube.Cube],
-    check_aux_coords: bool,
-    check_derived_coords: bool,
-    check_cell_measures: bool,
-    check_ancils: bool,
-) -> dict[str, _ArrayHash]:
+def _compute_hashes(arrays: Iterable[np.ndarray | da.Array]) -> dict[str, _ArrayHash]:
     """Compute hashes for the arrays that will be compared."""
-    arrays = []
-    for cube in cubes:
-        if check_aux_coords:
-            for coord in cube.aux_coords:
-                arrays.append(coord.core_points())
-                if coord.has_bounds():
-                    arrays.append(coord.core_bounds())
-        if check_derived_coords:
-            for coord in cube.derived_coords:
-                arrays.append(coord.core_points())
-                if coord.has_bounds():
-                    arrays.append(coord.core_bounds())
-        if check_cell_measures:
-            for var in cube.cell_measures():
-                arrays.append(var.core_data())
-        if check_ancils:
-            for var in cube.ancillary_variables():
-                arrays.append(var.core_data())
-
     hashes = {}
 
-    def get_shape(a):
-        return a.shape
+    def is_numerical(dtype):
+        return np.issubdtype(dtype, np.bool_) or np.issubdtype(dtype, np.number)
 
-    arrays.sort(key=get_shape)
-    for _, group in itertools.groupby(arrays, key=get_shape):
+    def group_key(a):
+        if is_numerical(a.dtype):
+            dtype = "numerical"
+        else:
+            dtype = str(a.dtype)
+        return a.shape, dtype
+
+    arrays = sorted(arrays, key=group_key)
+    for _, group in itertools.groupby(arrays, key=group_key):
         group = list(group)
-        # TODO: Unify dtype as the hash depends on the dtype
+        # Unify dtype for numerical arrays, as the hash depends on it
+        if is_numerical(group[0].dtype):
+            dtype = np.result_type(*group)
+            same_dtype_arrays = [a.astype(dtype) for a in group]
+        else:
+            same_dtype_arrays = group
         # Unify chunks as the hash depends on the chunks.
         indices = tuple(range(group[0].ndim))[::-1]
-        argpairs = [(a, indices) for a in group]
-        _, rechunked_group = da.core.unify_chunks(*itertools.chain(*argpairs))
-        for array, rechunked in zip(group, rechunked_group):
+        argpairs = [(a, indices) for a in same_dtype_arrays]
+        rechunked_arrays = da.core.unify_chunks(*itertools.chain(*argpairs))[1]
+        for array, rechunked in zip(group, rechunked_arrays):
             hashes[dask.base.tokenize(array)] = (
                 _hash_array(rechunked),
                 rechunked.chunks,
@@ -435,15 +422,29 @@ def concatenate(
     # which requires to be negotiated.
     axis = None
 
-    # Register each cube with its appropriate proto-cube.
-    hashes = _compute_hashes(
-        cubes,
-        check_aux_coords=check_aux_coords,
-        check_cell_measures=check_cell_measures,
-        check_ancils=check_ancils,
-        check_derived_coords=check_derived_coords,
-    )
+    # Compute hashes for parallel array comparison.
+    arrays = []
+    for cube in cubes:
+        if check_aux_coords:
+            for coord in cube.aux_coords:
+                arrays.append(coord.core_points())
+                if coord.has_bounds():
+                    arrays.append(coord.core_bounds())
+        if check_derived_coords:
+            for coord in cube.derived_coords:
+                arrays.append(coord.core_points())
+                if coord.has_bounds():
+                    arrays.append(coord.core_bounds())
+        if check_cell_measures:
+            for var in cube.cell_measures():
+                arrays.append(var.core_data())
+        if check_ancils:
+            for var in cube.ancillary_variables():
+                arrays.append(var.core_data())
 
+    hashes = _compute_hashes(arrays)
+
+    # Register each cube with its appropriate proto-cube.
     for cube in cubes:
         registered = False
 
diff --git a/lib/iris/tests/unit/concatenate/test_hashing.py b/lib/iris/tests/unit/concatenate/test_hashing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..609661b5f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/iris/tests/unit/concatenate/test_hashing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import dask.array as da
+from dask.base import tokenize
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from iris import _concatenate
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "a,b,eq",
+    [
+        (np.arange(2), da.arange(2), True),
+        (np.array([1], dtype=np.float32), np.array([1], dtype=bool), True),
+        (np.array([1]), np.array([[1]]), False),
+        (np.ma.array([1, 2], mask=[0, 1]), np.ma.array([1, 2], mask=[0, 1]), True),
+        (da.arange(2, chunks=1), da.arange(2, chunks=2), True),
+    ],
+)
+def test_compute_hashes(a, b, eq):
+    hashes = _concatenate._compute_hashes([a, b])
+    assert eq == (hashes[tokenize(a)].value == hashes[tokenize(b)].value)