diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index adbf61a528..5db4426a65 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "vega",
-  "version": "1.2.1",
+  "version": "1.3.0",
   "description": "Vega Runtime",
   "keywords": [
     "vega",
diff --git a/src/_config.js b/src/_config.js
index ab83861f7c..c8763af95e 100644
--- a/src/_config.js
+++ b/src/_config.js
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ vg.config.axis = {
   ticks: 10,
   padding: 3,
   axisColor: "#000",
+  gridColor: "#ccc",
   tickColor: "#000",
   tickLabelColor: "#000",
   axisWidth: 1,
diff --git a/src/_package.js b/src/_package.js
index 33b5d453b5..39708dfa79 100644
--- a/src/_package.js
+++ b/src/_package.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 var vg = {};
 
 // semantic versioning
-vg.version = '1.2.1';
+vg.version = '1.3.0';
 
 // type checking functions
 var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
diff --git a/src/canvas/marks.js b/src/canvas/marks.js
index bc2949e7e5..073d991914 100644
--- a/src/canvas/marks.js
+++ b/src/canvas/marks.js
@@ -379,26 +379,32 @@ vg.canvas.marks = (function() {
   
   function drawGroup(g, scene, bounds) {
     if (!scene.items.length) return;
-    var items = scene.items, group,
+    var items = scene.items, group, axes,
         renderer = this, gx, gy, i, n, j, m;
     
     drawRect(g, scene, bounds);
     
     for (i=0, n=items.length; i<n; ++i) {
       group = items[i];
+      axes = group.axisItems || [];
       gx = group.x || 0;
       gy = group.y || 0;
       
       // render group contents
       g.save();
       g.translate(gx, gy);
-      if (bounds) bounds.translate(-gx, -gy);      
+      if (bounds) bounds.translate(-gx, -gy);
+      for (j=0, m=axes.length; j<m; ++j) {
+        if (axes[j].def.layer === "back") {
+          renderer.draw(g, axes[j], bounds);
+        }
+      }
       for (j=0, m=group.items.length; j<m; ++j) {
         renderer.draw(g, group.items[j], bounds);
       }
-      if (group.axisItems) {
-        for (j=0, m=group.axisItems.length; j<m; ++j) {
-          renderer.draw(g, group.axisItems[j], bounds);
+      for (j=0, m=axes.length; j<m; ++j) {
+        if (axes[j].def.layer !== "back") {
+          renderer.draw(g, axes[j], bounds);
         }
       }
       if (bounds) bounds.translate(gx, gy);
diff --git a/src/parse/axes.js b/src/parse/axes.js
index 0356a1c505..7ea4480b80 100644
--- a/src/parse/axes.js
+++ b/src/parse/axes.js
@@ -68,6 +68,12 @@ vg.parse.axes = (function() {
 
     // axis offset
     if (def.offset) axis.offset(def.offset);
+
+    // axis layer
+    if (def.layer) axis.layer(def.layer);
+
+    // axis grid lines
+    if (def.grid) axis.grid(def.grid);
     
     // style properties
     if (def.properties) {
@@ -82,6 +88,7 @@ vg.parse.axes = (function() {
         if (p.minorTicks) axis.minorTickProperties(p.minorTicks);
       }
       if (p.labels) axis.tickLabelProperties(p.labels);
+      if (p.grid) axis.gridLineProperties(p.grid);
       if (p.axis) axis.domainProperties(p.axis);
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/parse/properties.js b/src/parse/properties.js
index 58144968c6..4b4f923871 100644
--- a/src/parse/properties.js
+++ b/src/parse/properties.js
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ vg.parse.properties = (function() {
               ? vg.str(ref.value)
               : "item.datum.data";
 
+    // get value from enclosing group
+    if (ref.group !== undefined) {
+      val = "group." + ref.group;
+    }
+
     // get data field value
     if (ref.field !== undefined) {
       val = "item.datum["
diff --git a/src/scene/axis.js b/src/scene/axis.js
index d01e2942fd..aa874eb46f 100644
--- a/src/scene/axis.js
+++ b/src/scene/axis.js
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ vg.scene.axis = function() {
       orient = vg_axisDefaultOrient,
       offset = 0,
       axisDef = null,
+      layer = "front",
+      grid = false,
       tickMajorSize = vg.config.axis.tickSize,
       tickMinorSize = vg.config.axis.tickSize,
       tickEndSize = vg.config.axis.tickSize,
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ vg.scene.axis = function() {
       tickFormat = null,
       tickSubdivide = 0,
       tickArguments = [vg.config.axis.ticks],
+      gridLineStyle = {},
       tickLabelStyle = {},
       majorTickStyle = {},
       minorTickStyle = {},
@@ -32,12 +35,14 @@ vg.scene.axis = function() {
     major.forEach(function(d) { d.label = fmt(d.data); });
     
     // update axis def
-    def.marks[0].from = function() { return major; };
-    def.marks[1].from = function() { return minor; };
-    def.marks[2].from = def.marks[0].from;
-    def.marks[3].from = function() { return [1]; };
+    def.marks[0].from = function() { return grid ? major : []; };
+    def.marks[1].from = function() { return major; };
+    def.marks[2].from = function() { return minor; };
+    def.marks[3].from = def.marks[1].from;
+    def.marks[4].from = function() { return [1]; };
     def.offset = offset;
     def.orient = orient;
+    def.layer = layer;
     return def;
   };
 
@@ -54,217 +59,28 @@ vg.scene.axis = function() {
     range = vg_axisScaleRange(scale);
 
     // setup axis marks
+    var gridLines = vg_axisTicks();
     var majorTicks = vg_axisTicks();
     var minorTicks = vg_axisTicks();
     var tickLabels = vg_axisTickLabels();
     var domain = vg_axisDomain();
-    var marks = [majorTicks, minorTicks, tickLabels, domain];
-
-    switch (orient) {
-      case "bottom": {
-        // tick labels
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.enter, {
-          x: oldScale,
-          y: {value: Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding},
-        });
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, {
-          x: newScale,
-          y: {value: Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding},
-          align: {value: "center"},
-          baseline: {value: "top"}
-        });
-        
-        // major ticks
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  oldScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: tickMajorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  newScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: tickMajorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          x:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // minor ticks
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  oldScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: tickMinorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  newScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: tickMinorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          x:  newScale,
-        });
-        
-        // domain line
-        domain.properties.update.path =
-          {value: "M" + range[0] + "," + tickEndSize + "V0H" + range[1] + "V" + tickEndSize};
-        
-        break;
-      }
-      
-      case "top": {
-        // tick labels
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.enter, {
-          x: oldScale,
-          y: {value: -(Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding)}
-        });
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, {
-          x: newScale,
-          y: {value: -(Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding)},
-          align: {value: "center"},
-          baseline: {value: "bottom"}
-        });
-
-        // major ticks
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  oldScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: -tickMajorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  newScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: -tickMajorSize}
-        });
-
-        // minor ticks
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  oldScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: -tickMinorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  newScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: -tickMinorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          x:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // domain line
-        domain.properties.update.path =
-          {value: "M" + range[0] + "," + -tickEndSize + "V0H" + range[1] + "V" + -tickEndSize};
-        
-        break;
-      }
-      
-      case "left": {
-        // tick labels
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.enter, {
-          x: {value: -(Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding)},
-          y: oldScale,
-        });
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, {
-          x: {value: -(Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding)},
-          y: newScale,
-          align: {value: "right"},
-          baseline: {value: "middle"}
-        });
-
-        // major ticks
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: -tickMajorSize},
-          y:  oldScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: -tickMajorSize},
-          y:  newScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          y:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // minor ticks
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: -tickMinorSize},
-          y:  oldScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: -tickMinorSize},
-          y:  newScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          y:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // domain line
-        domain.properties.update.path =
-          {value: "M" + -tickEndSize + "," + range[0] + "H0V" + range[1] + "H" + -tickEndSize};
-
-        break;
-      }
-      
-      case "right": {
-        // tick labels
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.enter, {
-          x: {value: Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding},
-          y: oldScale,
-        });
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, {
-          x: {value: Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding},
-          y: newScale,
-          align: {value: "left"},
-          baseline: {value: "middle"}
-        });
-
-        // major ticks
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: tickMajorSize},
-          y:  oldScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: tickMajorSize},
-          y:  newScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          y:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // minor ticks
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: tickMinorSize},
-          y:  oldScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: tickMinorSize},
-          y:  newScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          y:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // domain line
-        domain.properties.update.path =
-          {value: "M" + tickEndSize + "," + range[0] + "H0V" + range[1] + "H" + tickEndSize};
-
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+    gridLines.properties.enter.stroke = {value: vg.config.axis.gridColor};
+
+    // extend axis marks based on axis orientation
+    vg_axisTicksExtend(orient, gridLines, oldScale, newScale, Infinity);
+    vg_axisTicksExtend(orient, majorTicks, oldScale, newScale, tickMajorSize);
+    vg_axisTicksExtend(orient, minorTicks, oldScale, newScale, tickMinorSize);
+    vg_axisLabelExtend(orient, tickLabels, oldScale, newScale, tickMajorSize, tickPadding);
+    vg_axisDomainExtend(orient, domain, range, tickEndSize);
     
     // add / override custom style properties
+    vg.extend(gridLines.properties.update, gridLineStyle);
     vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, majorTickStyle);
     vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, minorTickStyle);
     vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, tickLabelStyle);
     vg.extend(domain.properties.update, domainStyle);
 
+    var marks = [gridLines, majorTicks, minorTicks, tickLabels, domain];
     return {
       type: "group",
       interactive: false,
@@ -329,7 +145,25 @@ vg.scene.axis = function() {
     offset = x;
     return axis;
   };
-  
+
+  axis.layer = function(x) {
+    if (!arguments.length) return layer;
+    layer = x;
+    return axis;
+  };
+
+  axis.grid = function(x) {
+    if (!arguments.length) return grid;
+    grid = x;
+    return axis;
+  };
+
+  axis.gridLineProperties = function(x) {
+    if (!arguments.length) return gridLineStyle;
+    gridLineStyle = x;
+    return axis;
+  };
+
   axis.majorTickProperties = function(x) {
     if (!arguments.length) return majorTickStyle;
     majorTickStyle = x;
@@ -395,6 +229,103 @@ function vg_axisScaleRange(scale) {
     : vg_axisScaleExtent(scale.range());
 }
 
+var vg_axisAlign = {
+  bottom: "center",
+  top: "center",
+  left: "right",
+  right: "left"
+};
+
+var vg_axisBaseline = {
+  bottom: "top",
+  top: "bottom",
+  left: "middle",
+  right: "middle"
+};
+
+function vg_axisLabelExtend(orient, labels, oldScale, newScale, size, pad) {
+  size = Math.max(size, 0) + pad;
+  if (orient === "left" || orient === "top") {
+    size *= -1;
+  }  
+  if (orient === "top" || orient === "bottom") {
+    vg.extend(labels.properties.enter, {
+      x: oldScale,
+      y: {value: size},
+    });
+    vg.extend(labels.properties.update, {
+      x: newScale,
+      y: {value: size},
+      align: {value: "center"},
+      baseline: {value: vg_axisBaseline[orient]}
+    });
+  } else {
+    vg.extend(labels.properties.enter, {
+      x: {value: size},
+      y: oldScale,
+    });
+    vg.extend(labels.properties.update, {
+      x: {value: size},
+      y: newScale,
+      align: {value: vg_axisAlign[orient]},
+      baseline: {value: "middle"}
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function vg_axisTicksExtend(orient, ticks, oldScale, newScale, size) {
+  var sign = (orient === "left" || orient === "top") ? -1 : 1;
+  if (size === Infinity) {
+    size = (orient === "top" || orient === "bottom")
+      ? {group: "height", mult: -sign}
+      : {group: "width", mult: -sign};
+  } else {
+    size = {value: sign * size};
+  }
+  if (orient === "top" || orient === "bottom") {
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.enter, {
+      x:  oldScale,
+      y:  {value: 0},
+      y2: size
+    });
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.update, {
+      x:  newScale,
+      y:  {value: 0},
+      y2: size
+    });
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.exit, {
+      x:  newScale,
+    });        
+  } else {
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.enter, {
+      x:  {value: 0},
+      x2: size,
+      y:  oldScale
+    });
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.update, {
+      x:  {value: 0},
+      x2: size,
+      y:  newScale
+    });
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.exit, {
+      y:  newScale,
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function vg_axisDomainExtend(orient, domain, range, size) {
+  var path;
+  if (orient === "top" || orient === "left") {
+    size = -1 * size;
+  }
+  if (orient === "bottom" || orient === "top") {
+    path = "M" + range[0] + "," + size + "V0H" + range[1] + "V" + size;
+  } else {
+    path = "M" + size + "," + range[0] + "H0V" + range[1] + "H" + size;
+  }
+  domain.properties.update.path = {value: path};
+}
+
 function vg_axisUpdate(item, group, trans) {
   var o = trans ? {} : item,
       offset = item.mark.def.offset,
@@ -402,6 +333,9 @@ function vg_axisUpdate(item, group, trans) {
       width  = group.width,
       height = group.height; // TODO fallback to global w,h?
 
+  item.width = width;
+  item.height = height;
+
   switch(orient) {
     case "left":   { o.x = -offset; o.y = 0; break; }
     case "right":  { o.x = width + offset; o.y = 0; break; }
diff --git a/src/svg/marks.js b/src/svg/marks.js
index e41470f7bc..82e35a198b 100644
--- a/src/svg/marks.js
+++ b/src/svg/marks.js
@@ -90,11 +90,6 @@ vg.svg.marks = (function() {
     this.setAttribute("y2", o.y2 !== undefined ? o.y2 : y1);
   }
   
-  function group_bg(o) {
-    this.setAttribute("width", o.width || 0);
-    this.setAttribute("height", o.height || 0);
-  }
-  
   function symbol(o) {
     var x = o.x || 0,
         y = o.y || 0;
@@ -156,6 +151,13 @@ vg.svg.marks = (function() {
     this.setAttribute("transform", "translate("+x+","+y+")");
   }
 
+  function group_bg(o) {
+    var w = o.width || 0,
+        h = o.height || 0;
+    this.setAttribute("width", w);
+    this.setAttribute("height", h);
+  }
+
   function draw(tag, attr, nest) {
     return function(g, scene, index) {
       drawMark(g, scene, index, "mark_", tag, attr, nest);
@@ -165,54 +167,56 @@ vg.svg.marks = (function() {
   var mark_id = 0;
   
   function drawMark(g, scene, index, prefix, tag, attr, nest) {
-    var className = prefix + index,
-        data = nest ? [scene.items] : scene.items,
+    var data = nest ? [scene.items] : scene.items,
         evts = scene.interactive===false ? "none" : null,
-        p = g.select("."+className);
-
-    if (p.empty()) p = g.append("g")
-      .attr("id", "g"+(++mark_id))
-      .attr("class", className);
+        grps = g.node().childNodes,
+        notG = (tag !== "g"),
+        p = grps[index+1] // +1 to skip group background rect
+          ? d3.select(grps[index+1])
+          : g.append("g").attr("id","g"+(++mark_id));
 
     var id = "#" + p.attr("id"),
-        m = p.selectAll(id+" > "+tag).data(data),
+        s = id + " > " + tag,
+        m = p.selectAll(s).data(data),
         e = m.enter().append(tag);
 
-    if (tag !== "g") {
+    if (notG) {
       p.style("pointer-events", evts);
       e.each(function(d) { (d.mark ? d : d[0])._svg = this; });
     } else {
-      e.append("rect")
-        .attr("class", "background")
-        .style("pointer-events", evts);
+      e.append("rect").attr("class","background").style("pointer-events",evts);
     }
     
     m.exit().remove();
     m.each(attr);
-    if (tag !== "g") {
-      m.each(style);
-    } else {
-      p.selectAll(id+" > "+tag+" > rect.background")
-        .each(group_bg).each(style);
-    }
+    if (notG) m.each(style);
+    else p.selectAll(s+" > rect.background").each(group_bg).each(style);
+    
+    return p;
   }
 
-  function drawGroup(g, scene, index) {
-    var renderer = this;
-
-    drawMark(g, scene, index, "group_", "g", group);
+  function drawGroup(g, scene, index, prefix) {
+    var p = drawMark(g, scene, index, prefix || "group_", "g", group),
+        c = p.node().childNodes, n = c.length, i, j, m;
+    
+    for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
+      var items = c[i].__data__.items,
+          axes = c[i].__data__.axisItems || [],
+          sel = d3.select(c[i])
+          idx = 0;
 
-    var x = g.select(".group_"+index).node(), i, n, j, m;
-    for (i=0, n=x.childNodes.length; i<n; ++i) {
-      var sel = d3.select(x.childNodes[i]),
-          data = x.childNodes[i].__data__,
-          axis = data.axisItems || [],
-          items = data.items;
+      for (j=0, m=axes.length; j<m; ++j) {
+        if (axes[j].def.layer === "back") {
+          drawGroup.call(this, sel, axes[j], idx++, "axis_");
+        }
+      }
       for (j=0, m=items.length; j<m; ++j) {
-        renderer.draw(sel, items[j], j);
+        this.draw(sel, items[j], idx++);
       }
-      for (j=0, m=axis.length; j<m; ++j) {
-        renderer.draw(sel, axis[j], j + items.length);
+      for (j=0, m=axes.length; j<m; ++j) {
+        if (axes[j].def.layer !== "back") {
+          drawGroup.call(this, sel, axes[j], idx++, "axis_");
+        }
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/vega.js b/vega.js
index a718f6e346..12a01a4a04 100644
--- a/vega.js
+++ b/vega.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ vg = (function(d3){ // take d3 instance as sole import
 var vg = {};
 
 // semantic versioning
-vg.version = '1.2.1';
+vg.version = '1.3.0';
 
 // type checking functions
 var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ vg.config.axis = {
   ticks: 10,
   padding: 3,
   axisColor: "#000",
+  gridColor: "#ccc",
   tickColor: "#000",
   tickLabelColor: "#000",
   axisWidth: 1,
@@ -1172,26 +1173,32 @@ vg.config.range = {
   
   function drawGroup(g, scene, bounds) {
     if (!scene.items.length) return;
-    var items = scene.items, group,
+    var items = scene.items, group, axes,
         renderer = this, gx, gy, i, n, j, m;
     
     drawRect(g, scene, bounds);
     
     for (i=0, n=items.length; i<n; ++i) {
       group = items[i];
+      axes = group.axisItems || [];
       gx = group.x || 0;
       gy = group.y || 0;
       
       // render group contents
       g.save();
       g.translate(gx, gy);
-      if (bounds) bounds.translate(-gx, -gy);      
+      if (bounds) bounds.translate(-gx, -gy);
+      for (j=0, m=axes.length; j<m; ++j) {
+        if (axes[j].def.layer === "back") {
+          renderer.draw(g, axes[j], bounds);
+        }
+      }
       for (j=0, m=group.items.length; j<m; ++j) {
         renderer.draw(g, group.items[j], bounds);
       }
-      if (group.axisItems) {
-        for (j=0, m=group.axisItems.length; j<m; ++j) {
-          renderer.draw(g, group.axisItems[j], bounds);
+      for (j=0, m=axes.length; j<m; ++j) {
+        if (axes[j].def.layer !== "back") {
+          renderer.draw(g, axes[j], bounds);
         }
       }
       if (bounds) bounds.translate(gx, gy);
@@ -1763,11 +1770,6 @@ vg.config.range = {
     this.setAttribute("y2", o.y2 !== undefined ? o.y2 : y1);
   }
   
-  function group_bg(o) {
-    this.setAttribute("width", o.width || 0);
-    this.setAttribute("height", o.height || 0);
-  }
-  
   function symbol(o) {
     var x = o.x || 0,
         y = o.y || 0;
@@ -1829,6 +1831,13 @@ vg.config.range = {
     this.setAttribute("transform", "translate("+x+","+y+")");
   }
 
+  function group_bg(o) {
+    var w = o.width || 0,
+        h = o.height || 0;
+    this.setAttribute("width", w);
+    this.setAttribute("height", h);
+  }
+
   function draw(tag, attr, nest) {
     return function(g, scene, index) {
       drawMark(g, scene, index, "mark_", tag, attr, nest);
@@ -1838,54 +1847,56 @@ vg.config.range = {
   var mark_id = 0;
   
   function drawMark(g, scene, index, prefix, tag, attr, nest) {
-    var className = prefix + index,
-        data = nest ? [scene.items] : scene.items,
+    var data = nest ? [scene.items] : scene.items,
         evts = scene.interactive===false ? "none" : null,
-        p = g.select("."+className);
-
-    if (p.empty()) p = g.append("g")
-      .attr("id", "g"+(++mark_id))
-      .attr("class", className);
+        grps = g.node().childNodes,
+        notG = (tag !== "g"),
+        p = grps[index+1] // +1 to skip group background rect
+          ? d3.select(grps[index+1])
+          : g.append("g").attr("id","g"+(++mark_id));
 
     var id = "#" + p.attr("id"),
-        m = p.selectAll(id+" > "+tag).data(data),
+        s = id + " > " + tag,
+        m = p.selectAll(s).data(data),
         e = m.enter().append(tag);
 
-    if (tag !== "g") {
+    if (notG) {
       p.style("pointer-events", evts);
       e.each(function(d) { (d.mark ? d : d[0])._svg = this; });
     } else {
-      e.append("rect")
-        .attr("class", "background")
-        .style("pointer-events", evts);
+      e.append("rect").attr("class","background").style("pointer-events",evts);
     }
     
     m.exit().remove();
     m.each(attr);
-    if (tag !== "g") {
-      m.each(style);
-    } else {
-      p.selectAll(id+" > "+tag+" > rect.background")
-        .each(group_bg).each(style);
-    }
+    if (notG) m.each(style);
+    else p.selectAll(s+" > rect.background").each(group_bg).each(style);
+    
+    return p;
   }
 
-  function drawGroup(g, scene, index) {
-    var renderer = this;
-
-    drawMark(g, scene, index, "group_", "g", group);
-
-    var x = g.select(".group_"+index).node(), i, n, j, m;
-    for (i=0, n=x.childNodes.length; i<n; ++i) {
-      var sel = d3.select(x.childNodes[i]),
-          data = x.childNodes[i].__data__,
-          axis = data.axisItems || [],
-          items = data.items;
+  function drawGroup(g, scene, index, prefix) {
+    var p = drawMark(g, scene, index, prefix || "group_", "g", group),
+        c = p.node().childNodes, n = c.length, i, j, m;
+    
+    for (i=0; i<n; ++i) {
+      var items = c[i].__data__.items,
+          axes = c[i].__data__.axisItems || [],
+          sel = d3.select(c[i])
+          idx = 0;
+
+      for (j=0, m=axes.length; j<m; ++j) {
+        if (axes[j].def.layer === "back") {
+          drawGroup.call(this, sel, axes[j], idx++, "axis_");
+        }
+      }
       for (j=0, m=items.length; j<m; ++j) {
-        renderer.draw(sel, items[j], j);
+        this.draw(sel, items[j], idx++);
       }
-      for (j=0, m=axis.length; j<m; ++j) {
-        renderer.draw(sel, axis[j], j + items.length);
+      for (j=0, m=axes.length; j<m; ++j) {
+        if (axes[j].def.layer !== "back") {
+          drawGroup.call(this, sel, axes[j], idx++, "axis_");
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -3198,6 +3209,12 @@ function vg_load_http(url, callback) {
 
     // axis offset
     if (def.offset) axis.offset(def.offset);
+
+    // axis layer
+    if (def.layer) axis.layer(def.layer);
+
+    // axis grid lines
+    if (def.grid) axis.grid(def.grid);
     
     // style properties
     if (def.properties) {
@@ -3212,6 +3229,7 @@ function vg_load_http(url, callback) {
         if (p.minorTicks) axis.minorTickProperties(p.minorTicks);
       }
       if (p.labels) axis.tickLabelProperties(p.labels);
+      if (p.grid) axis.gridLineProperties(p.grid);
       if (p.axis) axis.domainProperties(p.axis);
     }
   }
@@ -3408,6 +3426,11 @@ vg.parse.properties = (function() {
               ? vg.str(ref.value)
               : "item.datum.data";
 
+    // get value from enclosing group
+    if (ref.group !== undefined) {
+      val = "group." + ref.group;
+    }
+
     // get data field value
     if (ref.field !== undefined) {
       val = "item.datum["
@@ -3996,6 +4019,8 @@ vg.scene.transition = function(dur, ease) {
       orient = vg_axisDefaultOrient,
       offset = 0,
       axisDef = null,
+      layer = "front",
+      grid = false,
       tickMajorSize = vg.config.axis.tickSize,
       tickMinorSize = vg.config.axis.tickSize,
       tickEndSize = vg.config.axis.tickSize,
@@ -4004,6 +4029,7 @@ vg.scene.transition = function(dur, ease) {
       tickFormat = null,
       tickSubdivide = 0,
       tickArguments = [vg.config.axis.ticks],
+      gridLineStyle = {},
       tickLabelStyle = {},
       majorTickStyle = {},
       minorTickStyle = {},
@@ -4025,12 +4051,14 @@ vg.scene.transition = function(dur, ease) {
     major.forEach(function(d) { d.label = fmt(d.data); });
     
     // update axis def
-    def.marks[0].from = function() { return major; };
-    def.marks[1].from = function() { return minor; };
-    def.marks[2].from = def.marks[0].from;
-    def.marks[3].from = function() { return [1]; };
+    def.marks[0].from = function() { return grid ? major : []; };
+    def.marks[1].from = function() { return major; };
+    def.marks[2].from = function() { return minor; };
+    def.marks[3].from = def.marks[1].from;
+    def.marks[4].from = function() { return [1]; };
     def.offset = offset;
     def.orient = orient;
+    def.layer = layer;
     return def;
   };
 
@@ -4047,217 +4075,28 @@ vg.scene.transition = function(dur, ease) {
     range = vg_axisScaleRange(scale);
 
     // setup axis marks
+    var gridLines = vg_axisTicks();
     var majorTicks = vg_axisTicks();
     var minorTicks = vg_axisTicks();
     var tickLabels = vg_axisTickLabels();
     var domain = vg_axisDomain();
-    var marks = [majorTicks, minorTicks, tickLabels, domain];
-
-    switch (orient) {
-      case "bottom": {
-        // tick labels
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.enter, {
-          x: oldScale,
-          y: {value: Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding},
-        });
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, {
-          x: newScale,
-          y: {value: Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding},
-          align: {value: "center"},
-          baseline: {value: "top"}
-        });
-        
-        // major ticks
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  oldScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: tickMajorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  newScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: tickMajorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          x:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // minor ticks
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  oldScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: tickMinorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  newScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: tickMinorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          x:  newScale,
-        });
-        
-        // domain line
-        domain.properties.update.path =
-          {value: "M" + range[0] + "," + tickEndSize + "V0H" + range[1] + "V" + tickEndSize};
-        
-        break;
-      }
-      
-      case "top": {
-        // tick labels
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.enter, {
-          x: oldScale,
-          y: {value: -(Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding)}
-        });
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, {
-          x: newScale,
-          y: {value: -(Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding)},
-          align: {value: "center"},
-          baseline: {value: "bottom"}
-        });
-
-        // major ticks
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  oldScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: -tickMajorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  newScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: -tickMajorSize}
-        });
-
-        // minor ticks
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  oldScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: -tickMinorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  newScale,
-          y:  {value: 0},
-          y2: {value: -tickMinorSize}
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          x:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // domain line
-        domain.properties.update.path =
-          {value: "M" + range[0] + "," + -tickEndSize + "V0H" + range[1] + "V" + -tickEndSize};
-        
-        break;
-      }
-      
-      case "left": {
-        // tick labels
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.enter, {
-          x: {value: -(Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding)},
-          y: oldScale,
-        });
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, {
-          x: {value: -(Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding)},
-          y: newScale,
-          align: {value: "right"},
-          baseline: {value: "middle"}
-        });
-
-        // major ticks
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: -tickMajorSize},
-          y:  oldScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: -tickMajorSize},
-          y:  newScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          y:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // minor ticks
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: -tickMinorSize},
-          y:  oldScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: -tickMinorSize},
-          y:  newScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          y:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // domain line
-        domain.properties.update.path =
-          {value: "M" + -tickEndSize + "," + range[0] + "H0V" + range[1] + "H" + -tickEndSize};
-
-        break;
-      }
-      
-      case "right": {
-        // tick labels
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.enter, {
-          x: {value: Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding},
-          y: oldScale,
-        });
-        vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, {
-          x: {value: Math.max(tickMajorSize, 0) + tickPadding},
-          y: newScale,
-          align: {value: "left"},
-          baseline: {value: "middle"}
-        });
-
-        // major ticks
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: tickMajorSize},
-          y:  oldScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: tickMajorSize},
-          y:  newScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          y:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // minor ticks
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.enter, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: tickMinorSize},
-          y:  oldScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, {
-          x:  {value: 0},
-          x2: {value: tickMinorSize},
-          y:  newScale
-        });
-        vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.exit, {
-          y:  newScale,
-        });
-
-        // domain line
-        domain.properties.update.path =
-          {value: "M" + tickEndSize + "," + range[0] + "H0V" + range[1] + "H" + tickEndSize};
-
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+    gridLines.properties.enter.stroke = {value: vg.config.axis.gridColor};
+
+    // extend axis marks based on axis orientation
+    vg_axisTicksExtend(orient, gridLines, oldScale, newScale, Infinity);
+    vg_axisTicksExtend(orient, majorTicks, oldScale, newScale, tickMajorSize);
+    vg_axisTicksExtend(orient, minorTicks, oldScale, newScale, tickMinorSize);
+    vg_axisLabelExtend(orient, tickLabels, oldScale, newScale, tickMajorSize, tickPadding);
+    vg_axisDomainExtend(orient, domain, range, tickEndSize);
     
     // add / override custom style properties
+    vg.extend(gridLines.properties.update, gridLineStyle);
     vg.extend(majorTicks.properties.update, majorTickStyle);
     vg.extend(minorTicks.properties.update, minorTickStyle);
     vg.extend(tickLabels.properties.update, tickLabelStyle);
     vg.extend(domain.properties.update, domainStyle);
 
+    var marks = [gridLines, majorTicks, minorTicks, tickLabels, domain];
     return {
       type: "group",
       interactive: false,
@@ -4322,7 +4161,25 @@ vg.scene.transition = function(dur, ease) {
     offset = x;
     return axis;
   };
-  
+
+  axis.layer = function(x) {
+    if (!arguments.length) return layer;
+    layer = x;
+    return axis;
+  };
+
+  axis.grid = function(x) {
+    if (!arguments.length) return grid;
+    grid = x;
+    return axis;
+  };
+
+  axis.gridLineProperties = function(x) {
+    if (!arguments.length) return gridLineStyle;
+    gridLineStyle = x;
+    return axis;
+  };
+
   axis.majorTickProperties = function(x) {
     if (!arguments.length) return majorTickStyle;
     majorTickStyle = x;
@@ -4388,6 +4245,103 @@ function vg_axisScaleRange(scale) {
     : vg_axisScaleExtent(scale.range());
 }
 
+var vg_axisAlign = {
+  bottom: "center",
+  top: "center",
+  left: "right",
+  right: "left"
+};
+
+var vg_axisBaseline = {
+  bottom: "top",
+  top: "bottom",
+  left: "middle",
+  right: "middle"
+};
+
+function vg_axisLabelExtend(orient, labels, oldScale, newScale, size, pad) {
+  size = Math.max(size, 0) + pad;
+  if (orient === "left" || orient === "top") {
+    size *= -1;
+  }  
+  if (orient === "top" || orient === "bottom") {
+    vg.extend(labels.properties.enter, {
+      x: oldScale,
+      y: {value: size},
+    });
+    vg.extend(labels.properties.update, {
+      x: newScale,
+      y: {value: size},
+      align: {value: "center"},
+      baseline: {value: vg_axisBaseline[orient]}
+    });
+  } else {
+    vg.extend(labels.properties.enter, {
+      x: {value: size},
+      y: oldScale,
+    });
+    vg.extend(labels.properties.update, {
+      x: {value: size},
+      y: newScale,
+      align: {value: vg_axisAlign[orient]},
+      baseline: {value: "middle"}
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function vg_axisTicksExtend(orient, ticks, oldScale, newScale, size) {
+  var sign = (orient === "left" || orient === "top") ? -1 : 1;
+  if (size === Infinity) {
+    size = (orient === "top" || orient === "bottom")
+      ? {group: "height", mult: -sign}
+      : {group: "width", mult: -sign};
+  } else {
+    size = {value: sign * size};
+  }
+  if (orient === "top" || orient === "bottom") {
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.enter, {
+      x:  oldScale,
+      y:  {value: 0},
+      y2: size
+    });
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.update, {
+      x:  newScale,
+      y:  {value: 0},
+      y2: size
+    });
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.exit, {
+      x:  newScale,
+    });        
+  } else {
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.enter, {
+      x:  {value: 0},
+      x2: size,
+      y:  oldScale
+    });
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.update, {
+      x:  {value: 0},
+      x2: size,
+      y:  newScale
+    });
+    vg.extend(ticks.properties.exit, {
+      y:  newScale,
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function vg_axisDomainExtend(orient, domain, range, size) {
+  var path;
+  if (orient === "top" || orient === "left") {
+    size = -1 * size;
+  }
+  if (orient === "bottom" || orient === "top") {
+    path = "M" + range[0] + "," + size + "V0H" + range[1] + "V" + size;
+  } else {
+    path = "M" + size + "," + range[0] + "H0V" + range[1] + "H" + size;
+  }
+  domain.properties.update.path = {value: path};
+}
+
 function vg_axisUpdate(item, group, trans) {
   var o = trans ? {} : item,
       offset = item.mark.def.offset,
@@ -4395,6 +4349,9 @@ function vg_axisUpdate(item, group, trans) {
       width  = group.width,
       height = group.height; // TODO fallback to global w,h?
 
+  item.width = width;
+  item.height = height;
+
   switch(orient) {
     case "left":   { o.x = -offset; o.y = 0; break; }
     case "right":  { o.x = width + offset; o.y = 0; break; }
diff --git a/vega.min.js b/vega.min.js
index 4789325999..39b3224421 100644
--- a/vega.min.js
+++ b/vega.min.js
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-vg=function(e){function r(e){t.config.isNode?process.stderr.write(e+"\n"):console.log(e)}function o(e){return i.test(e)}function u(e){return e.indexOf(s)===0}function a(n,r){t.log("LOAD: "+n),e.xhr(n,function(e,t){t&&(t=t.responseText),r(e,t)})}function f(e,n){t.log("LOAD FILE: "+e);var r=e.indexOf(s);r>=0&&(e=e.slice(s.length)),require("fs").readFile(e,n)}function l(e,n){t.log("LOAD HTTP: "+e);var r=require("http").request(e,function(e){var t=0,r=new Buffer(parseInt(e.headers["content-length"],10));e.on("error",function(e){n(e,null)}),e.on("data",function(e){e.copy(r,t),t+=e.length}),e.on("end",function(){n(null,r)})});r.on("error",function(e){n(e)}),r.end()}function p(e,t,n){i=[];if(n&&t.length>1){var r=d(e.domain()),i,s=-1,o=t.length,u=(t[1]-t[0])/++n,a,f;while(++s<o)for(a=n;--a>0;)(f=+t[s]-a*u)>=r[0]&&i.push(f);for(--s,a=0;++a<n&&(f=+t[s]+a*u)<r[1];)i.push(f)}return i}function d(e){var t=e[0],n=e[e.length-1];return t<n?[t,n]:[n,t]}function v(e){return e.rangeExtent?e.rangeExtent():d(e.range())}function m(e,t,n){var r=n?{}:e,i=e.mark.def.offset,s=e.mark.def.orient,o=t.width,u=t.height;switch(s){case"left":r.x=-i,r.y=0;break;case"right":r.x=o+i,r.y=0;break;case"bottom":r.x=0,r.y=u+i;break;case"top":r.x=0,r.y=-i;break;default:r.x=0,r.y=0}n&&n.interpolate(e,r)}function g(){return{type:"rule",interactive:!1,key:"data",properties:{enter:{stroke:{value:t.config.axis.tickColor},strokeWidth:{value:t.config.axis.tickWidth},opacity:{value:1e-6}},exit:{opacity:{value:1e-6}},update:{opacity:{value:1}}}}}function b(){return{type:"text",interactive:!1,key:"data",properties:{enter:{fill:{value:t.config.axis.tickLabelColor},font:{value:t.config.axis.tickLabelFont},fontSize:{value:t.config.axis.tickLabelFontSize},opacity:{value:1e-6},text:{field:"label"}},exit:{opacity:{value:1e-6}},update:{opacity:{value:1}}}}}function w(){return{type:"path",interactive:!1,properties:{enter:{x:{value:.5},y:{value:.5},stroke:{value:t.config.axis.axisColor},strokeWidth:{value:t.config.axis.axisWidth}},update:{}}}}var t={};t.version="1.2.1";var n=Object.prototype.toString;t.isObject=function(e){return e===Object(e)},t.isFunction=function(e){return n.call(e)=="[object Function]"},t.isString=function(e){return n.call(e)=="[object String]"},t.isArray=Array.isArray||function(e){return n.call(e)=="[object Array]"},t.isNumber=function(e){return n.call(e)=="[object Number]"},t.isBoolean=function(e){return n.call(e)=="[object Boolean]"},t.number=function(e){return+e},t.boolean=function(e){return!!e},t.identity=function(e){return e},t.extend=function(e){for(var t,n,r=1,i=arguments.length;r<i;++r){t=arguments[r];for(n in t)e[n]=t[n]}return e},t.duplicate=function(e){return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(e))},t.field=function(e){return e.split("\\.").map(function(e){return e.split(".")}).reduce(function(e,t){return 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o=t.scene.data(e.from?e.from(r,i,s):null,s);return i=a(e,i),i.items=f(e,o,i),c(e,i),e.type===n&&l(e,r,i),i}function a(e,t){return t=t||{},t.def=e,t.marktype=e.type,t.interactive=e.interactive!==!1,t}function f(e,n,o){var u=h(e.key),a=o.items||[],f=[],l={},c,p,d,v,m,g;for(c=0,d=a.length;c<d;++c)v=a[c],v.status=s,u&&(l[v.key]=v);for(c=0,d=n.length;c<d;++c)m=n[c],p=c,v=u?l[p=u(m)]:a[c],g=v?!1:(v=t.scene.item(o),!0),v.status=g?r:i,v.datum=m,v.key=p,f.push(v);for(c=0,d=a.length;c<d;++c)v=a[c],v.status===s&&(v.key=u?v.key:f.length,f.push(v));return f}function l(e,t,n){var r=n.items,i=e.marks,s,o,a,f,l,c;for(s=0,o=r.length;s<o;++s){c=r[s];if(c.scales)for(l in c.scales)l.indexOf(":prev")<0&&(c.scales[l+":prev"]=c.scales[l].copy());c.items=c.items||[];for(a=0,f=i.length;a<f;++a)c.items[a]=u(i[a],t,c.items[a],c.datum),c.items[a].group=c}}function c(t,n){t.duration&&(n.duration=t.duration),t.ease&&(n.ease=e.ease(t.ease));if(t.delay){var r=n.items,i=n.group,s=r.length,o;for(o=0;o<s;++o)t.delay.call(this,r[o],i)}}function h(e){return e?t.accessor(e):null}var n=t.scene.GROUP,r=t.scene.ENTER,i=t.scene.UPDATE,s=t.scene.EXIT,o={sentinel:1};return u}(),t.scene.encode=function(){function s(e,t,n,r,i){return r&&i?o.call(this,e,t,n,r,i):u.call(this,e,e,t,n,r),e}function o(e,n,r,i,s){s=t.array(s);var o,u,a,f,l,c;for(o=0,u=s.length;o<u;++o)a=s[o],f=a.mark.group||null,l=a.mark.def.properties,c=l&&l[i],c&&c.call(this,a,f,r)}function u(t,n,r,i,s){f.call(this,t,n.items,r,i,s),n.marktype===e&&a.call(this,n,r,t,i,s)}function a(e,n,r,i,s){var 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r,i,f;e.type==="ordinal"?(r={scale:e.scaleName,offset:.5+e.rangeBand()/2},i=r):(r={scale:e.scaleName,offset:.5},i={scale:e.scaleName+":prev",offset:.5}),f=v(e);var 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t.Model,this._width=n||500,this._height=r||500,this._padding={top:0,left:0,bottom:0,right:0},this._viewport=null,this._renderer=null,this._handler=null,this._io=t.canvas,e&&this.initialize(e)},r=n.prototype;return r.width=function(e){return arguments.length?(this._width!==e&&(this._width=e,this._el&&this.initialize(this._el.parentNode),this._model.width(e)),this):this._width},r.height=function(e){return arguments.length?(this._height!==e&&(this._height=e,this._el&&this.initialize(this._el.parentNode),this._model.height(this._height)),this):this._height},r.padding=function(e){return arguments.length?(this._padding!==e&&(this._padding=e,this._el&&this.initialize(this._el.parentNode)),this):this._padding},r.viewport=function(e){return arguments.length?(this._viewport!==e&&(this._viewport=e,this._el&&this.initialize(this._el.parentNode)),this):this._viewport},r.renderer=function(e){return 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r=e+n.left+n.right,i=t+n.top+n.bottom;this._renderer.initialize(this._el,e,t,n)},r.render=function(e){return this._renderer.render(this._model.scene(),e),this},r.update=function(e){e=e||{};var t=this;return t._build=t._build||(t._model.build(),!0),t._model.encode(null,e.props,e.items),t.render(e.items),t},n}(),t.headless.View.Factory=function(e){return function(n){n=n||{};var r=e.width,i=e.height,s=e.padding,o=n.renderer||"canvas",u=(new t.headless.View(r,i,s,o)).defs(e);return e.data.load&&u.data(e.data.load),n.data&&u.data(n.data),u}},t.headless.render=function(e,n){function r(t){try{var r=t({data:e.data,renderer:e.renderer}).update();e.renderer==="svg"?n(null,{svg:r.svg()}):r.canvasAsync(function(e){n(null,{canvas:e})})}catch(i){n(i,null)}}t.parse.spec(e.spec,r,t.headless.View.Factory)},t}(d3);
\ No newline at end of file