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core-ontology.ttl
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@prefix : <http://edugraph.io/edu#> .
@prefix edu: <http://edugraph.io/edu#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@base <http://edugraph.io/edu#> .
<http://edugraph.io/edu> rdf:type owl:Ontology .
#################################################################
# Object Properties
#################################################################
### http://edugraph.io/edu#expandedBy
edu:expandedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf edu:expands ;
rdfs:domain edu:Descriptor ;
rdfs:range edu:Descriptor .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#expandedByAbility
edu:expandedByAbility rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:expandedBy ;
owl:inverseOf edu:expandsAbility ;
rdfs:domain edu:Ability ;
rdfs:range edu:Ability .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#expandedByArea
edu:expandedByArea rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:expandedBy ;
owl:inverseOf edu:expandsArea ;
rdfs:domain edu:Area ;
rdfs:range edu:Area .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#expandedByScope
edu:expandedByScope rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:expandedBy ;
owl:inverseOf edu:expandsScope ;
rdfs:domain edu:Scope ;
rdfs:range edu:Scope .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#expands
edu:expands rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain edu:Descriptor ;
rdfs:range edu:Descriptor .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#expandsAbility
edu:expandsAbility rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:expands ;
rdfs:domain edu:Ability ;
rdfs:range edu:Ability .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#expandsArea
edu:expandsArea rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:expands ;
rdfs:domain edu:Area ;
rdfs:range edu:Area .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#expandsScope
edu:expandsScope rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:expands ;
rdfs:domain edu:Scope ;
rdfs:range edu:Scope .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#hasPart
edu:hasPart rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf edu:partOf .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#hasPartAbility
edu:hasPartAbility rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:hasPart ;
owl:inverseOf edu:partOfAbility ;
rdfs:domain edu:Ability ;
rdfs:range edu:Ability .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#hasPartArea
edu:hasPartArea rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:hasPart ;
owl:inverseOf edu:partOfArea ;
rdfs:domain edu:Area ;
rdfs:range edu:Area .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#hasPartScope
edu:hasPartScope rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:hasPart ;
owl:inverseOf edu:partOfScope ;
rdfs:domain edu:Scope ;
rdfs:range edu:Scope .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#partOf
edu:partOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain owl:Thing ;
rdfs:range owl:Thing .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#partOfAbility
edu:partOfAbility rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:partOf ;
rdfs:domain edu:Ability ;
rdfs:range edu:Ability .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#partOfArea
edu:partOfArea rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:partOf ;
rdfs:domain edu:Area ;
rdfs:range edu:Area .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#partOfScope
edu:partOfScope rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:partOf ;
rdfs:domain edu:Scope ;
rdfs:range edu:Scope .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#targetedBy
edu:targetedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
owl:inverseOf edu:targets .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#targets
edu:targets rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain edu:Attribute ;
rdfs:range edu:Descriptor .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#targetsAbility
edu:targetsAbility rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:targets ;
rdfs:domain edu:Attribute ;
rdfs:range edu:Ability .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#targetsArea
edu:targetsArea rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:targets ;
rdfs:domain edu:Attribute ;
rdfs:range edu:Area .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#targetsContext
edu:targetsContext rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:subPropertyOf edu:targets ;
rdfs:domain edu:Attribute ;
rdfs:range edu:Scope .
### http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty
owl:topObjectProperty rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
owl:TransitiveProperty .
#################################################################
# Classes
#################################################################
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Ability
edu:Ability rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf edu:Descriptor ;
rdfs:comment "A learning dimension." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Area
edu:Area rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf edu:Descriptor ;
rdfs:comment "A learning domain." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Attribute
edu:Attribute rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty edu:targets ;
owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
owl:onClass edu:Ability
] ,
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty edu:targets ;
owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
owl:onClass edu:Area
] ;
rdfs:comment "An observable combination of learning abiltiies within a learning area and optionaly a learning context." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Descriptor
edu:Descriptor rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:comment "A learning descriptor." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Scope
edu:Scope rdf:type owl:Class ;
rdfs:subClassOf edu:Descriptor ;
rdfs:comment "A learning context." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Skill
edu:Skill rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty edu:targets ;
owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
owl:onClass edu:Attribute
] ;
rdfs:comment "A meaningful combination of attributes for real-world application." .
#################################################################
# Individuals
#################################################################
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Abacus
edu:Abacus rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:PhysicalNumbers ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Represents numbers with an abacus." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AbductiveReasoning
edu:AbductiveReasoning rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:NonDeductiveReasoning ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """A form of logical inference that starts with an observation or set of observations and then seeks to find the simplest and most likely explanation for the observations. It involves making an educated guess or hypothesis based on incomplete information. Abductive reasoning is often used in everyday life and in fields like science and detective work to generate possible explanations for phenomena.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* Observing a pattern in a sequence of numbers and making an educated guess about the rule that generates the sequence.
* Encountering a geometric problem and formulating a hypothesis about the solution based on the given information and known properties.
* Analyzing a set of data and making a conjecture about the underlying relationship between the variables.
**Science:**
* A doctor observing symptoms in a patient and making a diagnosis based on the most likely cause.
* A scientist observing an unusual pattern in data and formulating a hypothesis to explain the anomaly.
**Social Science:**
* An anthropologist observing cultural practices in a community and developing a hypothesis about their underlying social structures.
* An economist observing economic trends and making a prediction about future market behavior.
* A historian analyzing historical documents and forming a hypothesis about the motivations of historical figures.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AbstractionScope
edu:AbstractionScope rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Involves abstract concepts such as shapes or numbers." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ActiveVocabulary
edu:ActiveVocabulary rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:LingusticArticulation ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Using a wide range of words in speaking and writing. This involves actively employing diverse vocabulary to express ideas precisely and effectively.
Example: Using subject-specific terminology correctly in a class discussion or written assignment.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AdaptiveCreativity
edu:AdaptiveCreativity rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:CreativeCapability ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to adjust and modify ideas in response to new information or challenges. This involves being flexible and adaptable in one's thinking, and being willing to revise and refine ideas as needed.
Example: A student modifying their design for a school project after receiving feedback from their teacher.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AdditiveCount
edu:AdditiveCount rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:QuantitiyMeasurement ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Counts manifested objects additively." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AgileStrength
edu:AgileStrength rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Strength .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Algebra
edu:Algebra rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:partOfArea edu:Mathematics ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "A generalization of arithmetic where letters represent unknown numbers, allowing us to explore patterns, solve equations, and model real-world situations." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AnalogClock
edu:AnalogClock rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:TimeMeasurement ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Involves an analog clock." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AnalogicalReasoning
edu:AnalogicalReasoning rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:NonDeductiveReasoning ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """A form of logical inference that involves identifying similarities between two or more situations or objects and then using those similarities to draw conclusions or make predictions about one of them. It relies on the idea that if two things are alike in some respects, they are likely to be alike in other respects as well. Analogical reasoning is often used in problem-solving, decision-making, and creative thinking.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* Using the analogy between fractions and decimals to understand how they represent the same quantities.
* Applying the concept of similarity in geometry to solve problems involving proportional relationships between shapes.
* Using analogies to understand new mathematical concepts by relating them to familiar ones.
**Science:**
* Using the analogy between the human circulatory system and a plumbing system to understand how blood flows through the body.
* Applying the analogy between the structure of an atom and the solar system to understand the relationships between electrons and the nucleus.
* Using analogies to explain complex scientific concepts, such as comparing the behavior of gases to bouncing balls.
**Social Science:**
* Using historical analogies to understand current events or predict future outcomes.
* Applying analogies from other social sciences, such as psychology or economics, to understand sociological phenomena.
* Using analogies to explain complex social concepts, such as comparing society to a living organism.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Analysis
edu:Analysis rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:partOfArea edu:Mathematics ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "A branch of mathematics that deals with continuous change and investigates concepts like limits, continuity, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series to study functions, their properties, and their behavior." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AnalyticalCapability
edu:AnalyticalCapability rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to examine information critically, break it down into its component parts, and identify patterns and relationships. It involves skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and logical reasoning. Analytical capability allows individuals to evaluate information, draw inferences, and form their own conclusions.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* A student analyzes a word problem, identifies the relevant information, and chooses the appropriate formula to solve it.
* A student examines a geometric proof, identifies the logical steps, and evaluates its validity.
* A student interprets a graph, identifies trends, and draws conclusions about the data.
**Science:**
* A student designs an experiment, controls variables, and analyzes the results to draw conclusions.
* A student evaluates different sources of information about climate change, identifies biases, and forms their own informed opinion.
* A student examines anatomical diagrams, identifies the relationships between different organs, and understands how they function together.
**Social Science:**
* A student compares and contrasts different historical accounts of an event to understand multiple perspectives.
* A student analyzes economic data, identifies trends, and predicts future economic performance.
* A student evaluates different political systems, identifies their strengths and weaknesses, and forms their own opinions about governance.
**Foreign Language:**
* A student analyzes a sentence in a foreign language, identifies the grammatical structures, and understands how they convey meaning.
* A student compares and contrasts cultural practices in different countries, identifies similarities and differences, and develops intercultural understanding.
* A student interprets a foreign language film, analyzes the characters' motivations, and understands the cultural context of the story.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AngleMeasurement
edu:AngleMeasurement rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:MeasurementScope ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Involves angle measurement." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ArabicNumerals
edu:ArabicNumerals rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:Numerals ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Represents numbers with arabic numerals." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Arithmetic
edu:Arithmetic rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:partOfArea edu:Mathematics ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "The branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and manipulation of numbers." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Articulation
edu:Articulation rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Expression ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Articulation refers to the clarity and effectiveness with which someone expresses themselves." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ArtisticInterpretation
edu:ArtisticInterpretation rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Interpretation ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Understanding and appreciating artistic works, such as paintings, music, or literature. This involves analyzing the elements of art, such as form, style, and symbolism, to understand the artist's message and intent.
Example: Interpreting the symbolism in a painting or the themes explored in a piece of music.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#AxiomDefinition
edu:AxiomDefinition rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:DeductiveReasoning ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to identify and clearly state the fundamental assumptions or self-evident truths that serve as the foundation for a deductive system. This involves recognizing basic principles, defining key terms, and establishing the starting points for logical reasoning. Axiom definition is crucial for building a coherent and consistent framework for deductive reasoning, ensuring that all conclusions follow logically from the initial assumptions.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* Defining the axioms of Euclidean geometry, such as \"Two points determine a line\" or \"Through a point not on a given line, there is exactly one line parallel to the given line.\"
* Establishing the axioms of set theory, such as the axiom of extensionality (two sets are equal if they have the same elements) or the axiom of choice.
* Defining the axioms of a number system, such as the commutative property of addition (a + b = b + a) or the distributive property of multiplication over addition (a(b + c) = ab + ac).
**Science:**
* Defining the basic principles of physics, such as the laws of motion or the conservation of energy.
* Establishing the fundamental assumptions of a scientific theory, such as the theory of evolution or the theory of relativity.
* Defining the key terms and concepts used in a scientific field, such as \"species,\" \"ecosystem,\" or \"chemical reaction.\"""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Balance
edu:Balance rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:PhyiscalCapability .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#BalanceScale
edu:BalanceScale rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:WeightMeasurement ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Involves a balance scale." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Base10
edu:Base10 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:NumericBase ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Represents numbers in base 10 (decimal)." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Base16
edu:Base16 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:NumericBase ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Represents numbers in base 16 (hexadecimal)." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Base2
edu:Base2 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:NumericBase ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Represents numbers in base 2 (binary)." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Base8
edu:Base8 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:NumericBase ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Represents numbers in base 8 (octal)." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#BaseOperations
edu:BaseOperations rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:partOfArea edu:NumberSense ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Base operations are the fundamental arithmetic actions performed on numbers that all other arithmetic operations are based one." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#BaseTenBlocks
edu:BaseTenBlocks rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:PhysicalNumbers ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Represents numbers with a base ten blocks." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#BiasDetection
edu:BiasDetection rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Evaluation ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Identifying prejudice or favoritism in information or arguments. This involves recognizing how personal opinions or perspectives can influence the way information is presented or interpreted.
Example: Analyzing a news article to identify any potential bias in the reporting.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#BiasPrevention
edu:BiasPrevention rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Expression ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Identifying and avoiding biases in one's own thinking and communication. This involves being aware of personal prejudices and striving to present information objectively and fairly.
Example: Considering diverse perspectives and avoiding stereotypes when writing about a historical conflict.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Calculus
edu:Calculus rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:partOfArea edu:Mathematics ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "The mathematics of change and motion, providing tools for analyzing rates of change and accumulation. It deals with instantaneous rates of change that affect the slopes of curves, as well as with accumulation that affects areas under curves." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#CardiovascularEndurance
edu:CardiovascularEndurance rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Endurance .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#CartesianCoordinateSystem
edu:CartesianCoordinateSystem rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:VisualGeometry ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Represents functions and shapes in the cartesian coordinate system." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#CircularShapeDrawing
edu:CircularShapeDrawing rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:partOfArea edu:SpatialModelling ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Circular shape drawing is the ability to create drawings or models of circular shapes." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#CommunicationCapability
edu:CommunicationCapability rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ComputationalMathematics
edu:ComputationalMathematics rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:partOfArea edu:Mathematics ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "The development and application of mathematical methods and algorithms for solving problems using computers." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ConceptClassification
edu:ConceptClassification rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:ConceptualThinking ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """**Concept Classification**
The ability to organize and categorize concepts by identifying similarities, differences, and relationships between them. It involves grouping concepts based on shared attributes and creating hierarchical structures. Concept classification helps learners build mental frameworks and understand how knowledge is structured.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* Classifying numbers as integers, rational numbers, or irrational numbers.
* Categorizing geometric shapes based on their properties (e.g., number of sides, angles).
* Grouping types of functions (linear, quadratic, exponential) based on their equations and graphs.
**Science:**
* Classifying organisms into kingdoms, phyla, and classes based on shared characteristics.
* Categorizing elements in the periodic table based on their properties.
* Grouping different types of rocks (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) based on their formation.
**Social Science:**
* Classifying different types of governments (democracy, monarchy, dictatorship) based on how power is distributed.
* Categorizing economic systems (capitalism, socialism, communism) based on ownership of resources.
* Grouping different historical periods (ancient, medieval, modern) based on key events and characteristics.
**Foreign Language:**
* Classifying words into parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives) based on their grammatical function.
* Categorizing different types of literature (fiction, non-fiction, poetry) based on their characteristics.
* Grouping different verb tenses based on their temporal meaning.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ConceptComposition
edu:ConceptComposition rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:ConceptualThinking ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to combine or integrate multiple concepts to create new or more complex concepts. It involves understanding how different concepts can be related and integrated to form a more comprehensive understanding. Concept composition allows learners to build upon existing knowledge and create new meanings.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* Combining the concepts of \"addition\" and \"multiplication\" to understand the distributive property.
* Integrating the concepts of \"area\" and \"volume\" to calculate the volume of complex shapes.
* Combining the concepts of \"function\" and \"transformation\" to understand how changes to a function affect its graph.
**Science:**
* Combining the concepts of \"force\" and \"motion\" to understand Newton's laws of motion.
* Integrating the concepts of \"DNA\" and \"protein synthesis\" to understand how genetic information is expressed.
* Combining the concepts of \"ecosystem\" and \"biodiversity\" to understand the importance of species interactions.
**Social Science:**
* Combining the concepts of \"culture\" and \"identity\" to understand how cultural background shapes individual identity.
* Integrating the concepts of \"power\" and \"inequality\" to analyze social structures and hierarchies.
* Combining the concepts of \"globalization\" and \"interdependence\" to understand the interconnectedness of nations.
**Foreign Language:**
* Combining the concepts of \"grammar\" and \"vocabulary\" to create meaningful sentences.
* Integrating the concepts of \"culture\" and \"communication\" to understand how cultural context influences language use.
* Combining the concepts of \"listening\" and \"speaking\" to develop effective communication skills.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ConceptDerivation
edu:ConceptDerivation rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:ConceptualThinking ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to infer or deduce new concepts from existing knowledge or information. It involves applying logical reasoning and making inferences to extend understanding beyond what is explicitly stated. Concept derivation allows learners to generate new insights and expand their knowledge base.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* Deriving the formula for the area of a triangle from the formula for the area of a rectangle.
* Inferring the properties of a new geometric shape based on its relationship to known shapes.
**Science:**
* Inferring the presence of unseen organisms based on their effects on the environment.
* Deducing the properties of a new substance based on its chemical composition.
* Deriving the evolutionary relationships between species based on fossil evidence and genetic data.
**Social Science:**
* Inferring the motivations behind historical events based on primary and secondary sources.
* Deducing the impact of social policies based on data and observations.
* Deriving conclusions about cultural values based on the analysis of artifacts and traditions.
**Foreign Language:**
* Inferring the meaning of unfamiliar words based on context and word roots.
* Deducing grammatical rules based on patterns in language use.
* Deriving cultural insights based on the analysis of literature and film.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ConceptGeneralization
edu:ConceptGeneralization rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:ConceptualThinking ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to identify common features or principles across different concepts and form broader understandings. It involves recognizing patterns, abstracting key ideas, and applying them to new situations. Concept generalization allows learners to transfer knowledge and make connections between different domains.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* Generalizing the concept of \"addition\" to include different types of numbers (e.g., whole numbers, fractions, decimals).
* Recognizing the common properties of different geometric shapes and forming a general definition of \"polygon.\"
* Applying the concept of \"function\" to model relationships in various fields, such as physics, economics, and biology.
**Science:**
* Generalizing the principles of \"natural selection\" to explain the evolution of different species.
* Recognizing the common characteristics of different ecosystems and forming a general understanding of ecological principles.
* Applying the concept of \"energy transfer\" to understand various phenomena, such as heat flow, chemical reactions, and biological processes.
**Social Science:**
* Generalizing the concept of \"conflict\" to understand its causes and consequences in different historical and social contexts.
* Recognizing the common features of different cultures and forming a general understanding of human behavior.
* Applying the concept of \"power dynamics\" to analyze relationships in various social settings.
**Foreign Language:**
* Generalizing grammatical rules to apply them to new vocabulary and sentence structures.
* Recognizing common themes and motifs in different literary works and forming a general understanding of literary traditions.
* Applying cultural knowledge to understand and interact with people from diverse backgrounds.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ConceptSpecification
edu:ConceptSpecification rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:ConceptualThinking ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to narrow down or refine a general concept to a more specific or concrete instance. It involves identifying distinguishing features, providing details, and applying the concept to a particular context. Concept specification allows learners to deepen their understanding and apply knowledge to specific situations.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* Specifying the general concept of \"triangle\" to identify different types of triangles (e.g., equilateral, isosceles, scalene).
* Applying the general concept of \"equation\" to solve a specific algebraic problem.
* Using the general concept of \"probability\" to calculate the likelihood of a specific event.
**Science:**
* Specifying the general concept of \"mammal\" to identify specific characteristics of different mammal species.
* Applying the general concept of \"photosynthesis\" to explain the process in a specific plant species.
* Using the general concept of \"chemical reaction\" to describe a specific chemical process.
**Social Science:**
* Specifying the general concept of \"democracy\" to analyze the specific political system of a particular country.
* Applying the general concept of \"culture\" to understand the specific customs and traditions of a particular society.
* Using the general concept of \"social inequality\" to analyze a specific social issue.
**Foreign Language:**
* Specifying the general concept of \"verb\" to identify different verb conjugations and tenses.
* Applying the general concept of \"communication style\" to understand the specific communication norms in a particular culture.
* Using the general concept of \"literary analysis\" to interpret a specific literary text.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ConceptualThinking
edu:ConceptualThinking rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:AnalyticalCapability ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to understand and apply big ideas, recognizing underlying patterns and connections between different concepts. It involves forming generalizations, creating mental models, and seeing the bigger picture. Conceptual thinking goes beyond memorizing facts and focuses on understanding the deeper meaning and relationships between ideas.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* A student understands the concept of \"function\" and applies it to model relationships between variables in different contexts.
* A student grasps the concept of \"symmetry\" and identifies it in geometric shapes, algebraic equations, and natural phenomena.
* A student understands the concept of \"limit\" and applies it to analyze the behavior of functions as they approach infinity.
**Science:**
* A student understands the concept of \"ecosystem\" and analyzes the interactions between organisms and their environment.
* A student grasps the concept of \"energy conservation\" and applies it to understand energy transformations in physical and chemical processes.
* A student understands the concept of \"homeostasis\" and analyzes how organisms maintain internal balance.
**Social Science:**
* A student understands the concept of \"social change\" and analyzes the factors that contribute to social movements and revolutions.
* A student grasps the concept of \"culture\" and explores how it shapes values, beliefs, and behaviors in different societies.
* A student understands the concept of \"interdependence\" and analyzes the connections between different nations and economies.
**Foreign Language:**
* A student understands the concept of \"grammatical gender\" and applies it to correctly use articles and adjectives in a foreign language.
* A student grasps the concept of \"idiomatic expressions\" and recognizes how they convey meaning beyond the literal translation of words.
* A student understands the concept of \"cultural context\" and interprets language and behavior within the appropriate cultural framework.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ConvergentCreativity
edu:ConvergentCreativity rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:CreativeCapability ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Convergent Creativity: The ability to combine different ideas or perspectives to form a single, unified solution. This involves synthesizing information from various sources and finding common ground between different approaches.
Example: Combing concepts from neuro-biology and computer science to create a new approach to signal processing.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#CountingSymbols
edu:CountingSymbols rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:VisualNumbers ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Involves counting sybols." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#CreativeCapability
edu:CreativeCapability rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "The ability to generate novel and valuable ideas. This involves thinking outside the box, exploring different perspectives, and coming up with original solutions to problems." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DecimalAddition
edu:DecimalAddition rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:IntegerAdditon ;
edu:partOfArea edu:DecimalArithmetic ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Adding two or more decimals together.
Example: 2.7 + 1.8 = 4.5""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DecimalArithmetic
edu:DecimalArithmetic rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:DecimalNotation ;
edu:partOfArea edu:RationalsArithmetic ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Arithmetic operations performed on decimals (numbers represented with a decimal point)." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DecimalDivision
edu:DecimalDivision rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:DecimalMultiplication ,
edu:IntegerDivision ;
edu:partOfArea edu:DecimalArithmetic ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Dividing one decimal by another.
Example: 6.3 / 2.1 = 3""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DecimalExponentiation
edu:DecimalExponentiation rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:DecimalMultiplication ,
edu:IntegerExponentiation ;
edu:partOfArea edu:DecimalArithmetic ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Raising a decimal to a power.
Example: 1.2 ^ 2 = 1.44""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DecimalLogarithm
edu:DecimalLogarithm rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:DecimalExponentiation ,
edu:IntegerLogarithm ;
edu:partOfArea edu:DecimalArithmetic ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Finding the exponent to which a base (a decimal) must be raised to produce a given decimal." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DecimalMultiplication
edu:DecimalMultiplication rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:DecimalAddition ,
edu:IntegerMultiplication ;
edu:partOfArea edu:DecimalArithmetic ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Repeated addition of a decimal.
Example: 3.5 * 2 = 3.5 + 3.5 = 7""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DecimalNotation
edu:DecimalNotation rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:IntegerNotation ,
edu:NumerationWithRationals ;
edu:partOfArea edu:NumberNotation ,
edu:RationalsArithmetic ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Decimal notation is a system of representing numbers using a base-ten place value system and a decimal point to separate whole and fractional parts." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DecimalRoot
edu:DecimalRoot rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:DecimalExponentiation ,
edu:IntegerRoot ;
edu:partOfArea edu:DecimalArithmetic ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Finding the decimal that, when raised to a certain power, produces a given decimal.
Example: The square root of 2.25 is 1.5""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DecimalSubtraction
edu:DecimalSubtraction rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:DecimalAddition ,
edu:IntegerSubtraction ;
edu:partOfArea edu:DecimalArithmetic ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Finding the difference between two decimals.
Example: 5.8 - 2.3 = 3.5""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Decrement
edu:Decrement rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:Increment ;
edu:partOfArea edu:BaseOperations ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Decrement is the act of reducing a quantity by a specific amount." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DeductiveReasoning
edu:DeductiveReasoning rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:LogicalReasoning ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """A type of reasoning where the conclusion is guaranteed to be true if the premises are true. It moves from general principles to specific conclusions, using logic and rules of inference to establish certainty. Deductive reasoning is often used in mathematics, logic, and other fields where absolute certainty is desired.
**Examples from different subjects:**
**Math:**
* All squares are rectangles. This shape is a square. Therefore, this shape is a rectangle.
* If two angles are complementary, their sum is 90 degrees. Angles A and B are complementary. Therefore, the sum of angles A and B is 90 degrees.
* All prime numbers greater than 3 can be expressed in the form 6k ± 1. 17 is a prime number greater than 3. Therefore, 17 can be expressed in the form 6k ± 1.
**Science:**
* All mammals have lungs. Whales are mammals. Therefore, whales have lungs.
* Force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma). This object has a mass of 2kg and an acceleration of 3 m/s². Therefore, the force acting on the object is 6 Newtons.
* In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed. In this experiment, the mass of the reactants was 10g. Therefore, the mass of the products will also be 10g.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DerivedCount
edu:DerivedCount rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:QuantitiyMeasurement ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Counts manifested objects based on logical derivation of know facts." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DialogModeration
edu:DialogModeration rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Facilitation ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Guiding and managing a conversation between two or more people. This involves ensuring that the conversation stays focused, productive, and respectful.
Example: A student mediating a disagreement between two classmates by helping them to listen to each other and find common ground.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#Difference
edu:Difference rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:expandsArea edu:Decrement ;
edu:partOfArea edu:BaseOperations ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Difference represents the amount by which one quantity is greater or less than another." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DigitNotation
edu:DigitNotation rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:partOfArea edu:NumberNotation ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Digit notation uses symbols from 0 to 9 to represent any number." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DigitalClock
edu:DigitalClock rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:TimeMeasurement ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Involves a digital clock." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DigitalScale
edu:DigitalScale rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:WeightMeasurement ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Involves a digital scale." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DimensionalAbstraction
edu:DimensionalAbstraction rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Scope ;
edu:partOfScope edu:AbstractionScope ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Involves spatial dimensions with or without time or hyperdimensional concepts." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DirectUnderstanding
edu:DirectUnderstanding rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Understanding ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Comprehending the literal meaning of information. This involves understanding the explicit message conveyed by words, images, or other forms of communication.
Example: Understanding the definitions of new vocabulary words in a textbook.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DivergentCreativity
edu:DivergentCreativity rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:CreativeCapability ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to generate a wide range of ideas or solutions. This involves brainstorming multiple possibilities and exploring different avenues before settling on a specific approach.
Example: Exploring the color properties of different materials in water to create an immersive artwork about difusion and reflection.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DiversityTolerance
edu:DiversityTolerance rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:SocialScaling ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """The ability to accept and appreciate people from different backgrounds and cultures. This involves respecting and valuing diversity, and avoiding prejudice and discrimination.
Example: A student embracing the diversity of their classmates and learning about different cultures.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#DynamicBalance
edu:DynamicBalance rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Balance .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#ElipticShapeDrawing
edu:ElipticShapeDrawing rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Area ;
edu:partOfArea edu:SpatialModelling ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "Elliptical shape drawing is the ability to create drawings or models of elliptical shapes." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#EmotionExtraction
edu:EmotionExtraction rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:Extraction ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy """Recognizing and understanding the emotions expressed in communication. This involves interpreting the feelings conveyed through language, tone of voice, and nonverbal cues.
Example: Analyzing a character's dialogue and actions in a play to understand their emotional state.""" .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#EmotionalCapability
edu:EmotionalCapability rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy "The ability to understand, manage, and express one's own emotions effectively, as well as to understand and respond appropriately to the emotions of others." .
### http://edugraph.io/edu#EmotionalCreativity
edu:EmotionalCreativity rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
edu:Ability ;
edu:partOfAbility edu:CreativeCapability ;