| title | weight |
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The bundle.json File |
101 |
This section describes the format and function of the bundle.json document.
The bundle.json file is a representation of bundle metadata. It MUST be represented as Canonical JSON. While Canonical JSON is parseable by any JSON parser, its serialized form is consistent. This is a necessity when comparing two textual representations of the same data (such as when hashing).
JSON data in this document has been formatted for readability using line breaks and indentation. This is not Canonical JSON. These examples were generated using the UNIX command
canonjson SOURCE.json | jq .Where appropriate, the Canonical JSON text will also be provided. Small snippets of JSON may be shown in the order in which the fields are described (for clarity) rather than in Canonical JSON order.
A bundle.json is broken down into the following categories of information:
- The schema version of the bundle, as a string with a
vprefix. This schema is to be referenced asv1orv1.2.0 - The top-level package information (
nameandversion)name: The bundle name, including namespacing. The namespace can have one or more elements separated by a dot (e.g.acme.tunnels.wordpress). The left most element of the namespace is the most general moving toward more specific elements on the right.version: Semantic version of the bundledescription: Short description of the bundle
- Information on the invocation images, as an array
- A map of images included with this bundle, as a
component nametoimage definitionmap - A specification of which parameters MAY be overridden, and a reference to a validation schema
- A list of credentials (name and desired location) that the application needs
- An OPTIONAL description of custom actions that this bundle implements
- A list of outputs (name, type and location) that the application produces
- A set of schema definitions used to validate user input
The bundle definition is made accessible from inside the invocation image in order to allow the run tool to reference information in the file. The bundle.json MUST be mounted to /cnab/bundle.json.
The bundle.json is also known as a thin bundle. Bundles come in two formats: thick and thin. Read more about thick and thin bundles in the bundle formats section.
The examples given in this documentation predominantly use thin bundles. Examples of thick bundles will be noted as such.
The following is an example of a bundle.json for a bundled distributed as a thin bundle:
{
"credentials":{
"hostkey":{
"env":"HOST_KEY",
"path":"/etc/hostkey.txt"
}
},
"custom":{
"com.example.backup-preferences":{
"frequency":"daily"
},
"com.example.duffle-bag":{
"icon":"https://example.com/icon.png",
"iconType":"PNG"
}
},
"definitions":{
"http_port":{
"default":80,
"maximum":10240,
"minimum":10,
"type":"integer"
},
"port":{
"maximum":65535,
"minimum":1024,
"type":"integer"
},
"string":{
"type":"string"
},
"x509Certificate":{
"contentEncoding":"base64",
"contentMediaType":"application/x-x509-user-cert",
"type":"string",
"writeOnly":true
}
},
"description":"An example 'thin' helloworld Cloud-Native Application Bundle",
"images":{
"my-microservice":{
"contentDigest":"sha256:aaaaaaaaaaaa...",
"description":"my microservice",
"image":"example/microservice:1.2.3"
}
},
"invocationImages":[
{
"contentDigest":"sha256:aaaaaaa...",
"image":"example/helloworld:0.1.0",
"imageType":"docker"
}
],
"maintainers":[
{
"email":"[email protected]",
"name":"Matt Butcher",
"url":"https://example.com"
}
],
"name":"helloworld",
"outputs":{
"clientCert":{
"definition":"x509Certificate",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/clientCert"
},
"hostName":{
"applyTo":[
"install"
],
"definition":"string",
"description":"the hostname produced installing the bundle",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/hostname"
},
"port":{
"definition":"port",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/port"
}
},
"parameters":{
"backend_port":{
"definition":"http_port",
"description":"The port that the back-end will listen on",
"destination":{
"env":"BACKEND_PORT"
}
}
},
"schemaVersion":"v1.2.0",
"version":"0.1.2"
}Source: 101.01-bundle.json
The canonical JSON version of the above is:
{"credentials":{"hostkey":{"env":"HOST_KEY","path":"/etc/hostkey.txt"}},"custom":{"com.example.backup-preferences":{"frequency":"daily"},"com.example.duffle-bag":{"icon":"https://example.com/icon.png","iconType":"PNG"}},"definitions":{"http_port":{"default":80,"maximum":10240,"minimum":10,"type":"integer"},"port":{"maximum":65535,"minimum":1024,"type":"integer"},"string":{"type":"string"},"x509Certificate":{"contentEncoding":"base64","contentMediaType":"application/x-x509-user-cert","type":"string","writeOnly":true}},"description":"An example 'thin' helloworld Cloud-Native Application Bundle","images":{"my-microservice":{"contentDigest":"sha256:aaaaaaaaaaaa...","description":"my microservice","image":"example/microservice:1.2.3"}},"invocationImages":[{"contentDigest":"sha256:aaaaaaa...","image":"example/helloworld:0.1.0","imageType":"docker"}],"maintainers":[{"email":"[email protected]","name":"Matt Butcher","url":"https://example.com"}],"name":"helloworld","outputs":{"clientCert":{"definition":"x509Certificate","path":"/cnab/app/outputs/clientCert"},"hostName":{"applyTo":["install"],"definition":"string","description":"the hostname produced installing the bundle","path":"/cnab/app/outputs/hostname"},"port":{"definition":"port","path":"/cnab/app/outputs/port"}},"parameters":{"backend_port":{"definition":"http_port","description":"The port that the back-end will listen on","destination":{"env":"BACKEND_PORT"}}},"schemaVersion":"v1.2.0","version":"0.1.2"}What follows is an example of a thick bundle. Notice how the invocationImage and images fields reference the underlying docker image manifest (application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json), which in turn references the underlying images:
{
"credentials":{
"hostkey":{
"env":"HOST_KEY",
"path":"/etc/hostkey.txt"
},
"image_token":{
"env":"AZ_IMAGE_TOKEN",
"applyTo": ["install"]
},
"kubeconfig":{
"path":"/home/.kube/config"
}
},
"definitions":{
"http_port":{
"default":80,
"maximum":10240,
"minimum":10,
"type":"integer"
},
"port":{
"maximum":65535,
"minimum":1024,
"type":"integer"
},
"string":{
"type":"string"
},
"x509Certificate":{
"contentEncoding":"base64",
"contentMediaType":"application/x-x509-user-cert",
"type":"string",
"writeOnly":true
}
},
"description":"An example 'thick' helloworld Cloud-Native Application Bundle",
"images":{
"my-microservice":{
"contentDigest":"sha256:bbbbbbbbbbbb...",
"description":"helloworld microservice",
"image":"example/helloworld:0.1.2",
"mediaType":"application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
"labels":{
"architecture":"amd64",
"os":"linux"
},
"size":1337
}
},
"invocationImages":[
{
"contentDigest":"sha256:aaaaaaaaaaaa...",
"image":"example/helloworld:1.2.3",
"imageType":"docker",
"mediaType":"application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
"labels":{
"architecture":"amd64",
"os":"linux"
},
"size":1337
}
],
"name":"helloworld",
"outputs":{
"clientCert":{
"definition":"x509Certificate",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/clientCert"
},
"hostName":{
"applyTo":[
"install"
],
"definition":"string",
"description":"the hostname produced installing the bundle",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/hostname"
},
"port":{
"definition":"port",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/port"
}
},
"parameters":{
"backend_port":{
"definition":"http_port",
"description":"The port that the backend will listen on",
"destination":{
"path":"/path/to/backend_port"
}
}
},
"schemaVersion":"v1.2.0",
"version":"1.0.0"
}
Source: 101.02-bundle.json
In descriptions below, fields marked REQUIRED MUST be present in any conformant bundle descriptor, while fields not thusly marked are considered optional.
Within this specification, certain user-supplied names SHOULD be expressed in the form of a dotted name, which is defined herein as a name composed by concatenating name components together, separated by dot (.) characters. Name components contain only Unicode characters with the General Category of Letter (L) and the dash (-) character. Whitespace characters are not allowed within names, and there is no escape sequence for the dot character.
A string MUST have at least one dot to be considered a dotted name.
Dotted names are used to encourage name spacing and reduce the likelihood of naming collisions.
Dotted names SHOULD follow the reverse-DNS pattern used by Java, C#, and other languages. CNAB tools MUST NOT treat these strings as domain names or domain components, as this specification allows characters that are not legal in DNS addresses.
Examples:
com.example.myapp.portorg.example.action.status𝕔𝕠𝕞.𝕖𝕩𝕒𝕞𝕡𝕝𝕖.𝕞𝕪𝕒𝕡𝕡.𝕡𝕠𝕣𝕥snʇɐʇs.uoıʇɔɐ.ǝʃdɯɐxǝ.ƃɹoexample.foo(This format MAY be used, but the reverse DNS format is preferred)
Every bundle.json MUST have a schemaVersion element.
The schema version must reference the version of the schema used for this document. It follows the SemVer v2 specification. The following pre-release markers are recognized:
WDindicates that the document references a working draft of the specification, and is not considered stable.CRindicates that the document references a candidate recommendation. Stability is not assured.- No suffix indicates that the document references a release of the specification, and is considered stable.
The current schema version is v1.2.0, which is considered stable.
The name and version fields are used to identify the CNAB bundle. Both fields are REQUIRED.
Fields that do not match this specification SHOULD cause failures.
nameMUST contain only characters from the Unicode graphic charactersversionMUST be a SemVer2 string
The Unicode graphic character set allowed for name includes letters, numbers, punctuation, symbols, and spaces; it does not include newlines or tabs.
The following fields are informational pieces of metadata designed to convey additional information about a bundle, but not to be used as identification for a bundle:
description: A short description of a bundle (OPTIONAL)keywords: A list of keywords (OPTIONAL)license: The license under which this bundle is covered. This SHOULD use one of the SPDX License Identifiers whenever possible (OPTIONAL)maintainers: An OPTIONAL list of maintainers, where each maintainer MAY optionally have the following:name: Maintainer nameemail: Maintainer's emailurl: URL to relevant maintainer information
The invocationImages section describes the images that are responsible for bootstrapping the installation. The appropriate invocation image is selected by the CNAB runtime, typically by considering the runtime requirements of the bundle. For example, both a Windows and a Linux version of the invocation image may be included in the list. It is up to the CNAB runtime to determine which one to use. If no sufficient image is found, the CNAB runtime MUST emit an error and stop processing. If multiple images match the criterion set by the user, the runtime MUST execute only one, and MUST execute the first match as determined by the order of the invocationImages list.
A CNAB bundle MUST have at least one invocation image.
{
"invocationImages": [
{
"contentDigest": "sha256:aca460afa270d4c527981ef9ca4989346c56cf9b20217dcea37df1ece8120685",
"image": "example/helloworld:0.1.0",
"imageType": "docker"
}
]
}The imageType field MUST describe the format of the image. The list of formats is open-ended, but any CNAB-compliant system MUST implement docker and oci. The default is oci.
The image field MUST give a path-like or URI-like representation of the location of the image. It is REQUIRED. The expectation is that an installer should be able to locate the image (given the image type) without additional information.
The contentDigest field MUST contain a digest, in OCI format, to be used to compute the integrity of the image. The calculation of how the image matches the contentDigest is dependent upon image type. (OCI, for example, uses a Merkle tree while VM images are checksums).
- If the
imageTypeisociordocker, the value for this field MUST be the registry-compressed digest (known as a repo digest, image digest and/or manifest digest) as opposed to the registry-independent image ID. - During bundle development, it may be ideal to omit the
contentDigestfield and/or skip validation. Once a bundle is ready to be transmitted as a thick or thin bundle, it MUST have acontentDigestfield. - If a
contentDigestfield is present, a runtime MUST validate the image digest prior to executing an action - If the
contentDigestis not present, the runtime SHOULD report an error so the user is aware that there is nocontentDigestprovided. - Runtimes MAY allow users to override this behavior and perform actions on bundles that do not have
contentDigestvalues populated.
The following OPTIONAL fields MAY be attached to an invocation image:
size: The image size in bytes. Implementations SHOULD verify this when a bundle is packaged as a thick bundle, and MAY verify it when the image is part of a thin bundle.labels: Key/value pairs that used to specify identifying attributes of invocation imagesmediaType: The media type of the image
The bundle.json maps image metadata (name, origin, tag) to placeholders within the bundle. This allows images to be renamed, relabeled, or replaced during the CNAB bundle build operation.
The following illustrates an images section:
{
"images": {
"backend": {
"contentDigest": "sha256:bca460afa270d4c527981ef9ca4989346c56cf9b20217dcea37df1ece8120686",
"description": "backend component image",
"image": "example.com/example/vote-backend@sha256:bca460afa270d4c527981ef9ca4989346c56cf9b20217dcea37df1ece8120686",
"imageType": "docker"
},
"frontend": {
"contentDigest": "sha256:aca460afa270d4c527981ef9ca4989346c56cf9b20217dcea37df1ece8120685",
"description": "frontend component image",
"image": "example.com/example/vote-frontend@sha256:aca460afa270d4c527981ef9ca4989346c56cf9b20217dcea37df1ece8120685",
"imageType": "docker"
}
}
}Fields:
images: The list of dependent imagesdescription: The description field provides additional context of the purpose of the image.imageType: TheimageTypefield MUST describe the format of the image. The list of formats is open-ended, but any CNAB-compliant system MUST implementdockerandoci. The default isoci.image: The REQUIREDimagefield provides a valid reference for the image. Note that SHOULD be a CAS SHA, as in the example above, not a version tag.contentDigest: MUST contain a digest of the contents of the image, in OCI format, to be used to compute the integrity of the image. The calculation of how the image matches the contentDigest is dependent upon image type. (OCI, for example, uses a Merkle tree while VM images use checksums.) If theimageTypeisociordocker, the value for this field MUST be the registry-compressed digest (known as a repo digest, image digest and/or manifest digest) as opposed to the registry-independent image ID.size: The image size in byteslabels: Key/value pairs that used to specify identifying attributes of images:mediaType: The media type of the image
The definitions section of the bundle.json defines set of JSONSchema definitions outlining how bundle configuration should be validated by a runtime.
Definitions have no utility on their own. They enable the runtime to validate parameters and outputs when used in combination with those features. Examples
of how to use definitions along with parameters and outputs can be seen in the Parameters and Outputs sections below. A definition must conform to both JSON Schema and Canonical JSON.
definitions: A collection of JSONSchema definitions used to validate user-input.<name>: The name of the definition.$comment: Reserved for comments from bundle authors to readers or maintainers of the bundle. This MUST be a string (OPTIONAL)$id: A URI for the schema resolved against the base URI of its parent schema. MUST be a uri-reference string in accordance with RFC3986 (OPTIONAL)$ref: A URI reference used to resolve a schema located elsewhere. This MUST be a uri-reference string in accordance with RFC3986 (OPTIONAL)additionalItems: Parameter validation requiring that any additional items included in a user-provided array must conform to the specified schema. MUST be a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)additionalProperties: Parameter validation requiring that any additional properties in the user-provided object conform to the specified schema. MUST be a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)allOf: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value match ALL of the specified schemas. MUST be a non-empty array of JSON schemas. (OPTIONAL)anyOf: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value match ANY of the specified schemas. MUST be a non-empty array of JSON schemas. (OPTIONAL)const: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value matches exactly the specified const. MAY be of any type, including null. (OPTIONAL)contains: Parameter validation requiring at least one item included in the user-provided array conform to the specified schema. MUST be a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)contentEncoding: Indicates that the user-provided content should interpreted as binary data and decoded using the encoding named by this property. MUST be a string in accordance with RFC2045, Sec 6.1. (OPTIONAL)contentMediaType: MIME type indicating the media type of the user-provided content. MUST be a string in accordance with RFC2046. (OPTIONAL)default: A default JSON value associated with a particular schema. RECOMMENDED that a default value be valid against the associated schema. (OPTIONAL)definitions: Provides a standardized location for bundle authors to inline re-usable JSON Schemas into a more general schema. MUST be an object where each named property contains a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)dependencies: Specifies rules that are evaluated if the parameter type is an object and contains a certain property. MUST be an object where each named dependency is either an array of unique strings or a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)description: Descriptive text for the field. Can be used to decorate a user interface. MUST be a string. (OPTIONAL)else: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value match the specified schema. Only matches if the user-provided value does NOT match the schema provided in theifproperty. MUST be a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)enum: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value is one of the specified items in the specified array. MUST be a non-empty array of unique elements that can be of any type. (OPTIONAL)examples: Sample JSON values associated with a particular schema. MUST be an array. (OPTIONAL)exclusiveMaximum: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided number be less than the number specified. MUST be an number. (OPTIONAL)exclusiveMinimum: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided number be greater than the number specified. MUST be an number. (OPTIONAL)format: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value adhere to the specified format. MUST be a string. (OPTIONAL)if: Provides a method to conditionally validate user-provided values against a schema. MUST be a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)items: Parameter validation requiring the items included in a user-provided array must conform to the specified schema(s). MUST be either a JSON schema or an array of JSON schemas. (OPTIONAL)maxItems: Parameter validation requiring the length of the user-provided array be less than or equal to the number specified. MUST be a non-negative number. (OPTIONAL)maxLength: Parameter validation requiring that the length of the user-provided string be less than or equal to the number specified. MUST be a non-negative integer. (OPTIONAL)maxProperties: Parameter validation requiring the number of properties included in the user-provided object be less than or equal to the specified number. MUST be a non-negative integer. (OPTIONAL)maximum: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided number be less than or equal to the number specified. MUST be an number. (OPTIONAL)minItems: Parameter validation requiring the length of the user-provided array be greater than or equal to the number specified. MUST be a non-negative integer. (OPTIONAL)minLength: Parameter validation requiring that the length of the user-provided string be greater than or equal to the number specified. MUST be a non-negative integer. (OPTIONAL)minProperties: Parameter validation requiring the number of properties included in the user-provided object be greater than or equal to the specified number. MUST be a non-negative integer. (OPTIONAL)minimum: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided number be greater than or equal to the number specified. MUST be an number. (OPTIONAL)multipleOf: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided number be wholly divisible by the number specified. MUST be an number strictly greater than zero. (OPTIONAL)not: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value NOT match the specified schema. MUST be a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)oneOf: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value match ONE of the specified schemas. MUST be a non-empty array of JSON schemas. (OPTIONAL)patternProperties: The set of matching properties and schemas for their values included in an object type parameter. MUST be an object where each named property is a regular expression with a JSON schema as the value. (OPTIONAL)pattern: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided string match the regular expression specified. MUST be a string representation of a valid ECMA 262 regular expression. (OPTIONAL)properties: The set of named properties and schemas for their values included in an object type parameter. MUST be an object where each named property contains a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)propertyNames: Parameter validation requiring that each property name in an object match the specified schema. MUST be a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)readOnly: Parameter annotation indicating that the value of the parameter cannot be modified after the initial install. Runtimes SHOULD display a warning or similar output when the parameter's setting is being ignored for subsequent actions. MUST be a boolean. (OPTIONAL)required: Parameter validation requiring the properties named in the user-provided object include the specified list of properties. MUST be an array of strings. (OPTIONAL)then: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value match the specified schema. Only matches if the user-provided value matches the schema provided in theifproperty. MUST be a JSON schema. (OPTIONAL)title: Short, human-readable descriptive name for the field. Can be used to decorate a user interface. MUST be a string. (OPTIONAL)type: Parameter validation requiring that the user-provided value is either a "null", "boolean", "object", "array", "string", "integer", or "number". MUST be a string or an array of strings with unique elements. (OPTIONAL)uniqueItems: Parameter validation requiring the items included in the user-provided array be unique. MUST be a boolean. (OPTIONAL)writeOnly: Indicates that the value of the parameter is sensitive and MUST NOT be written to insecure locations such as log files or user-facing output. MUST be a boolean. (OPTIONAL)
For more information on the supported definition properties, review the the definitions JSON schema
Evaluation of the validation keywords should conform to the applicable sections of Section 6 of the JSONSchema specification.
The parameters and definitions sections of the bundle.json define which parameters a user (person installing a CNAB bundle) MAY configure on an invocation image and how those parameters should be validated by a runtime. Parameters represent information about the application configuration, and may be persisted by the runtime.
Parameter specifications consist of name/value pairs. The name is fixed, but the value MAY be overridden by the user. The parameter definition includes a specification of how to constrain the values submitted by the user.
{
"definitions": {
"http_port": {
"default": 80,
"maximum": 10240,
"minimum": 10,
"type": "integer"
}
},
"parameters": {
"backend_port": {
"applyTo": ["install", "action1", "action2"],
"definition": "http_port",
"description": "The port that the backend will listen on",
"destination": {
"env": "MY_ENV_VAR",
"path": "/my/destination/path"
},
"required": true
}
}
}parameters: Name/value pairs describing a user-overridable parameter.<name>: The name of the parameter. In the example above, this isbackend_port. This is mapped to a value definition, which contains the following fields (REQUIRED):applyTo: restricts this parameter to a given list of actions. If empty or missing, applies to all actions (OPTIONAL)definition: The name of a definition schema that is used to validate user-input for this parameter. (REQUIRED)description: Descriptive text for the field. Can be used to decorate a user interface. MUST be a string. (OPTIONAL)destination: Indicates where (in the invocation image) the parameter is to be written (REQUIRED)env: The name of an environment variablepath: The fully qualified path to a file that will be created. Specified path MUST NOT be a subpath of/cnab/app/outputs.
required: indicates whether this parameter MUST be supplied. By default it isfalse, which means the parameter is optional. Whentrue, a runtime MUST fail if the parameter is not provided for any action to which the parameter applies.
Parameter names (the keys in parameters) ought to conform to the Open Group Base Specification Issue 6, Section 8.1, paragraph 4 definition of environment variable names with one exception: parameter names MAY begin with a digit (approximately [A-Z0-9_]+).
The term parameters indicates the present specification of what can be provided to a bundle. The term values is frequently used to indicate the user-supplied values which are tested against the parameter definitions.
The structure of a parameters and definitions section looks like the section below.
{
"definitions: {
"<definition-name>": {
"$comment": <string>,
"$id": <uri-reference>,
"$ref": <uri-reference>,
"additionalItems": <json-schema>,
"additionalProperties": <json-schema>,
"allOf": [ <json-schema> ],
"anyOf": [ <json-schema> ],
"const": <any-value>,
"contains": <json-schema>,
"contentEncoding": <string>,
"contentMediaType": <string>,
"default": <any-value>,
"definitions": {
"<definition-name>": <json-schema>
},
"io.cnab.dependencies": {
"<first-property-name>": <json-schema>,
"<second-property-name>": [ <string> ]
},
"description": <string>,
"else": <json-schema>,
"enum": [ <any-value> ],
"examples": [ <any-value> ],
"exclusiveMaximum": <number>,
"exclusiveMinimum": <number>,
"format": <string>,
"if": <json-schema>,
"items": <json-schema> | [ <json-schema> ],
"maxItems": <integer>,
"maxLength": <integer>,
"maxProperties": <integer>,
"maximum": <number>,
"minItems": <integer>,
"minLength": <integer>,
"minProperties": <integer>,
"minimum": <integer>,
"multipleOf": <number>,
"not": <json-schema>,
"oneOf": [ <json-schema> ],
"pattern": <string>,
"patternProperties": {
"<regular-expression-for-property-name>": <json-schema>
},
"properties": {
"<property-name>": <json-schema>
},
"propertyNames": <json-schema>,
"readOnly": <boolean>,
"required": [ <string> ],
"then": <json-schema>,
"title": <string>,
"type": <string> | [ <string> ],
"uniqueItems": <boolean>,
"writeOnly": <boolean>
}
},
"parameters": {
"<parameter-name>": {
"applyTo": [ <string> ],
"definition": <definition-name>,
"description": <string>,
"destination": {
"env": <string>,
"path": <string>
},
"required" : <boolean>
}
}
}
See The Bundle Runtime for details of how parameters are injected into the invocation image.
Below are a few more complicated examples that outline some of the possible parameter configurations that a bundle author can expose.
Check out the JSON Schema specification for more examples and further documentation.
{
"definitions": {
"address": {
"properties": {
"country_name": {
"type": "string"
},
"extended_street_address": {
"type": "string"
},
"locality": {
"type": "string"
},
"postal_code": {
"type": "string"
},
"region": {
"type": "string"
},
"street_address": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"required": [
"country_name",
"locality",
"postal_code",
"region",
"street_address"
],
"type": "object"
},
"email-address": {
"format": "idn-email",
"type": "string"
},
"greetings": {
"default": ["Hello"],
"description": "a list of greetings",
"items": {
"examples": ["Aloha", "Bonjour", "こんにちは"],
"type": "string"
},
"title": "Greetings for new users",
"type": "array"
},
"jpeg": {
"contentEncoding": "base64",
"contentMediaType": "image/jpeg",
"type": "string"
}
},
"parameters": {
"email": {
"definition": "email-address",
"destination": {
"env": "EMAIL"
}
},
"greetings": {
"definition": "greetings",
"destination": {
"env": "GREETINGS"
}
},
"profile_picture": {
"definition": "jpeg",
"destination": {
"path": "/tmp/user.jpg"
}
},
"workplace_address": {
"definition": "address",
"description": "the address of your workplace",
"destination": {
"path": "/tmp/address.adr"
},
"required": true
}
}
}When resolving destinations, there are two ways a particular parameter value MAY be placed into the invocation image. Here is an example illustrating both:
{
"definitions": {
"configuration": {
"default": "",
"type": "string"
},
"greeting": {
"default": "hello",
"type": "string"
}
},
"parameters": {
"config": {
"definition": "configuration",
"description": "this will be located in a file",
"destination": {
"path": "/opt/example-parameters/config.txt"
}
},
"greeting": {
"definition": "greeting",
"description": "this will be in $GREETING",
"destination": {
"env": "GREETING"
}
}
}
}For the (REQUIRED) destination field, at least one of env or path MUST be specified. (Both MAY be provided).
If env is set, the value of the parameter will be assigned to the given environment variable name. In the example in the previous section, GREETING is set to hello.
If path is set, the value of the parameter will be written into a file at the specified location on the invocation image's filesystem. This file name MUST NOT be present already on the invocation image's filesystem.
If both env and path are specified, implementations MUST put a copy of the data in each destination.
A bundle.json MAY contain a section that describes which credentials the bundle expects to have access to in the invocation image. This information is provided so that users can be informed about the credentials that are required by the invocation image in order for the invocation image to perform its tasks.
Credentials differ from parameters in intention: A parameter represents application configuration. A credential represents the identity of the agent performing the action. For example, the lifecycle of one bundle installation may be managed by several individuals. When interacting with that bundle, individuals may use their own credentials. However, the bundle's parameters are assumed to be attached to the bundle itself, regardless of which individual is presently acting on that bundle.
What about parameters such as database passwords used by the application? Properly speaking, these are parameters if the application uses them.
Note that the CNAB specification does not mandate specific security implementations on storage of either parameters or credentials. CNAB Runtimes ought to consider that both parameters and credentials may contain secret data, and OUGHT to secure both parameter and credential data in ways appropriate to the underlying platform. It is recommended that credentials are not persisted between actions, and that parameters are persisted between actions.
{
"credentials": {
"hostkey": {
"env": "HOST_KEY",
"path": "/etc/hostkey.txt"
},
"image_token": {
"env": "AZ_IMAGE_TOKEN",
"required": true,
"applyTo": ["install"]
},
"kubeconfig": {
"path": "/home/.kube/config"
}
}
}- The
credentialscontainer is a map of human-friendly credential names to a description of where the invocation image expects to find them.- The name key MUST be human-readable
applyTo: restricts this credential to a given list of actions. If empty or missing, applies to all actions (OPTIONAL).pathdescribes the absolute path within the invocation image where the invocation image expects to find the credential. Specified path MUST NOT be a subpath of/cnab/app/outputs.envcontains the name of an environment variable that the invocation image expects to have available when executing the CNABruntool (covered in the next section).descriptioncontains a user-friendly description of the credential.requiredindicates whether this credential MUST be supplied. By default it isfalse, which means the credential is optional. Whentrue, a runtime MUST fail if the credential is not provided.
- The name key MUST be human-readable
One of env or path MUST be specified. (Both MAY be provided).
If env is set, the value of the credential MUST be assigned to the given environment variable name. In the example in the previous section, HOST_KEY is set to HOST_KEY.
If path is set, the value of the credential MUST be written into a file at the specified location on the invocation image's filesystem. This file name MUST NOT be present already on the invocation image's filesystem.
Parameters and credentials may specify environment variables or paths as destinations.
- Implementations SHOULD produce an error if a parameter and a credential use the same destination environment variable
- Implementations SHOULD produce an error if a parameter and a credential use the same destination path
- Implementations MUST NOT override a credential value with a parameter value
- Implementations SHOULD NOT allow any parameter or credential to declare an environment variable with the prefix
CNAB_ - Implementations MUST NOT allow a parameter or credential to override any environment variable with the
CNAB_prefix- The
CNAB_variables are defined in the Bundle Runtime Description of this specification
- The
Every implementation of a CNAB tool MUST support three built-in actions:
installupgradeuninstall
Implementations MAY support user-defined additional actions as well. Such actions are exposed via the bundle definition file. An action definition contains an action name followed by a description of that action:
{
"actions": {
"io.cnab.dry-run": {
"title": "Dry Run",
"description": "prints what install would do with the given parameters values",
"modifies": false,
"stateless": true
},
"io.cnab.migrate": {
"title": "Migrate",
"modifies": false
},
"io.cnab.status": {
"title": "Status",
"description": "retrieves the status of an installation",
"modifies": false
}
}
}The action name SHOULD use dotted name syntax as defined earlier in this section.
The above declares three actions: io.cnab.status, io.cnab.migrate and io.cnab.dry-run. This means that the associated invocation images can handle requests for io.cnab.status, io.cnab.migrate and io.cnab.dry-run in addition to install, upgrade, and uninstall.
Each action is accompanied by a description, which contains the following fields:
title: The human-readable name of the operation. If omitted, tools MAY use the value of theactionskey (e.g.io.cnab.dry-run). User agents that display the title SHOULD disambiguate if two or more actions have the sametitlevalue (OPTIONAL).modifies: Indicates whether the given action will modify resources in any way. If not provided, it will be assumedfalse.description: A human readable description of the action (OPTIONAL)stateless: The action does not act on a claim, and does not require credentials. This is useful for exposing dry-run actions, printing documentation, etc. (OPTIONAL)
The modifies field MUST be set to true if any resource that is managed by the bundle is changed in any way. The modifies field assists CNAB implementations in tracking history of changes over time. An implementation of CNAB MAY use this information when describing history or managing releases.
The stateless field indicates that the runtime will bypass credentials requirements (the user MAY or MAY NOT pass any credentials), and will not keep track of this action. If credentials are supplied, the runtime SHOULD pass the credentials to the invocation image (as in stateful actions). An invocation image MAY exit with an error if the necessary credentials are not supplied. However, the runtime MUST NOT fail to invoke the invocation image because of missing credentials.
The primary intention of a stateless action is to allow invocation bundles to provide dry-run or detailed help functionalities. Stateless actions can be invoked on a non-existing installation. In this case, the name passed to the runtime need not exist, and MUST not result in the creation of a name record. Runtimes MAY ignore name if supplied.
An invocation image ought to handle all custom targets declared in the actions section. An invocation image SHOULD NOT handle actions that are not included by the default list (install, upgrade, uninstall) and the custom actions section.
The built-in actions (install, upgrade, uninstall) MUST NOT appear in the actions section, and an implementation MUST NOT allow custom actions named install, upgrade, or uninstall.
Implementations that do not support custom actions MUST NOT emit errors (either runtime or validation) if a bundle defines custom actions. That is, even if an implementation cannot execute custom actions, it MUST NOT fail to operate on bundles that declare custom actions.
In many cases, the bundle descriptor is a sufficient artifact for delivering a CNAB bundle, since invocation images and other images may be retrieved from registries and repositories. However, it is important to provide an extension mechanism. A custom extension is a named collection of auxiliary data whose meaning is defined outside of this specification.
Tools MAY define and declare additional fields inside of the custom section. Tools MUST NOT define additional fields anywhere else in the bundle descriptor. Implementations MAY produce an error or MAY ignore additional fields outside of the extension, but MUST be consistent in either ignoring or producing an error. However, implementations SHOULD preserve the data inside of the custom section even when that information is not understood by the implementation.
The custom object is used as follows:
{
"custom": {
"com.example.backup-preferences": {
"frequency": "daily"
},
"com.example.duffle-bag": {
"icon": "https://example.com/icon.png",
"iconType": "PNG"
}
}
}The format is:
{
"custom": {
"EXTENSION NAME": "ARBITRARY JSON DATA"
}
}The fields are defined as follows:
customdefines the wrapper object for extensionsEXTENSION NAME: a unique name for an extension. Names SHOULD follow the dotted name format described earlier in this section.- The value of the extension must be valid JSON, but is otherwise undefined.
Some extensions defined in the custom object of a bundle MAY be required in order for a runtime to perform any action on the bundle. A bundle author MUST use the requiredExtensions array to define those extensions that are required. The requiredExtensions array SHOULD contain the EXTENSION NAME defined in the custom object for each extension that is required.
A runtime MUST check that it supports any required extensions before performing any action on the bundle. If the runtime does not support the required extension(s), it MAY proceed with the action or fail, however it MUST notify the user that it does not support the required extension(s). Runtimes that do not support extensions that are NOT identified in the requiredExtensions field of a bundle SHOULD perform actions on the bundle.
{
"credentials":{
"hostkey":{
"env":"HOST_KEY",
"path":"/etc/hostkey.txt"
}
},
"custom":{
"com.example.backup-preferences":{
"frequency":"daily"
},
"com.example.duffle-bag":{
"icon":"https://example.com/icon.png",
"iconType":"PNG"
},
"io.cnab.dependencies":[
{
"sequence":["mysql"],
"requires":{
"bundle":"azure/mysql",
"version":{
"prereleases":"true",
"range":"5.7.x"
}
}
}
]
},
"definitions":{
"http_port":{
"default":80,
"maximum":10240,
"minimum":10,
"type":"integer"
},
"port":{
"maximum":65535,
"minimum":1024,
"type":"integer"
},
"string":{
"type":"string"
},
"x509Certificate":{
"contentEncoding":"base64",
"contentMediaType":"application/x-x509-user-cert",
"type":"string",
"writeOnly":true
}
},
"description":"An example 'thin' helloworld Cloud-Native Application Bundle",
"images":{
"my-microservice":{
"contentDigest":"sha256:aaaaaaaaaaaa...",
"description":"my microservice",
"image":"example/microservice:1.2.3"
}
},
"invocationImages":[
{
"contentDigest":"sha256:aaaaaaa...",
"image":"example/helloworld:0.1.0",
"imageType":"docker"
}
],
"maintainers":[
{
"email":"[email protected]",
"name":"Matt Butcher",
"url":"https://example.com"
}
],
"name":"helloworld",
"outputs":{
"clientCert":{
"definition":"x509Certificate",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/clientCert"
},
"hostName":{
"applyTo":[
"install"
],
"definition":"string",
"description":"the hostname produced installing the bundle",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/hostname"
},
"port":{
"definition":"port",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/port"
}
},
"parameters":{
"backend_port":{
"definition":"http_port",
"description":"The port that the back-end will listen on",
"destination":{
"env":"BACKEND_PORT"
}
}
},
"requiredExtensions":[
"io.cnab.dependencies"
],
"schemaVersion":"v1.2.0",
"version":"0.1.2"
}Source: 101.03-bundle.json
The outputs section of the bundle.json defines which outputs an application will produce during the course of executing a bundle. Outputs are expected to be written to one or more files on the file system of the invocation image. The location of this file MUST be provided in the output definition.
Output specifications are flat (not tree-like), consisting of name/value pairs. The output definition includes a destination the output will be written to, along with a definition to help validate their contents.
{
"definitions":{
"port":{
"maximum":65535,
"minimum":1024,
"type":"integer"
},
"string":{
"type":"string"
},
"x509Certificate":{
"contentEncoding":"base64",
"contentMediaType":"application/x-x509-user-cert",
"type":"string",
"writeOnly":true
}
},
"outputs":{
"clientCert":{
"applyTo":[
"install",
"action2"
],
"definition":"x509Certificate",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/clientCert"
},
"hostName":{
"definition":"string",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/hostname"
},
"port":{
"definition":"port",
"path":"/cnab/app/outputs/port"
}
}
}
outputs: name/value pairs describing an application output.<name>: The name of the output. In the example above, this isclientCert,hostName, andport. This is mapped to a value definition, which contains the following fields (REQUIRED):applyTo: restricts this output to a given list of actions. If empty or missing, applies to all actions (OPTIONAL)definition: The name of a definition schema that is used to validate the output content. (REQUIRED)description: Descriptive text for the field. Can be used to decorate a user interface. MUST be a string. (OPTIONAL)path: The fully qualified path to a file that will be created (REQUIRED). The path specified MUST be a strict subpath of/cnab/app/outputsand MUST be distinct from the paths for all other outputs in this bundle.
An invocation image should write outputs to a file specified by the path attribute for each output. A bundle runtime can then extract values from the specified path and present them to a user.
All outputs that apply to a specified action are considered to be required. If an output is missing at the end of an action, and a default is defined, the runtime SHOULD write the default to the file specified by the path attribute. Otherwise the runtime SHOULD report the missing output as an error to the user.
A runtime can leverage appropriate in-memory volume mounted at the path location for storing these outputs.
A runtime may validate outputs based on schema references by the definition field.
Next section: The invocation image definition