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VirtML
VirtMLText is not SVG - cannot display \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_sources/debian-vm.md.txt b/_sources/debian-vm.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa808bb --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/debian-vm.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +# Create a Debian VM + +This guide walks you through creating a new VM using `libvirt` and installing Debian on it. This is +the VM that you will later use as a PXE server to boot the Kubernetes nodes. + +## What you'll need + +To complete this guide, you will need the following: + +* A Debian-based system. +* A working [QEMU/KVM installation](qemu-kvm). + +## Procedure + +Follow the steps below to create a new VM and install Debian on it. + +1. Change to root user: + + ```console + user:~$ sudo su - + root:~# + ``` + +1. Navigate to the project's root directory: + + ```console + root:~# cd /home/user/virtlml + ``` + + ```{note} + Replace `/home/user/virtlml` with the path to the project's root directory. + ``` + +1. Create a new `QCOW2` virtual disk for the VM: + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/pxe-server.qcow2 32G + Formatting '/var/lib/libvirt/images/pxe-server.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=34359738368 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16 + ``` + +1. Define a new VM, using the XML file inside the `infra` directory: + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh define --file infra/pxe-server.xml + Domain 'pxe-server' defined from pxe-server.xml + ``` + + ```{note} + The `pxe-server.xml` file is a template for the PXE server VM. You can modify it to fit your + needs. Pay close attention to the sections where you specify the path to the `QCOW2` file and + the Debian `12.4` ISO. + ``` + +1. Start the PXE server VM: + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh start pxe-server + Domain 'pxe-server' started + ``` + +1. Connect to the PXE server VM through the "Virtual Machine Manager" UI and run the Debian + installer. The Debian installer will guide you through the installation process. You can use the + default settings for most of the options. + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# virt-manager + ``` + + ```{note} + We recommend doing a minimal installation of Debian, without any graphical interface. + ``` + +## Verify + +1. Verify that the VM is running: + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh list --all + Id Name State + ----------------------------- + 1 pxe-server running + ``` + +1. Change back to your user: + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# exit + user:~/virtlml$ + ``` + +1. Create an SSH key, if you don't already have one: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ ssh-keygen + ``` + +1. Copy the SSH public key to the PXE server VM: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ ssh-copy-id user@pxe-server + ``` + + ```{note} + Replace `user` with your username. Also, replace `pxe-server` with the IP address of the VM. + Alternatively, you can add an entry to your `/etc/hosts` file with the IP address and hostname + of the VM. + ``` + +1. Verify that you can SSH into the PXE server VM: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml/infra$ ssh user@pxe-server + The authenticity of host '192.168.122.89 (192.168.122.89)' can't be established. + ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:dNnHdISPbUDbtJWqSLDpEdGEO3tGEIQ1TiSrfPxyRHg. + This key is not known by any other names. + Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes + Warning: Permanently added '192.168.122.89' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts. + dimpo@192.168.122.89's password: + Linux pxe-server 6.1.0-17-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.69-1 (2023-12-30) x86_64 + + The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; + the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the + individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. + + Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent + permitted by applicable law. + Last login: Wed Feb 7 18:10:32 2024 + user@pxe-server:~$ + ``` + + ```{note} + Replace `user` with your username and `pxe-server` with the IP address of the PXE server VM. + ``` diff --git a/_sources/gpu-passthrough.md.txt b/_sources/gpu-passthrough.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..425ae32 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/gpu-passthrough.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,177 @@ +# GPU Passthrough using VFIO + +This guide walks you througη the process of passing a GPU through to a Virtual Machine (VM), an +essential step for setting up a VM to function as a Kubernetes GPU worker. + +## What you'll need + +Το complete this guide, you will need the following: + +* A Debian-based system. +* A working [QEMU/KVM installation](qemu-kvm). + +## Step 1: Set your Primary Display for the Host + +This step is essential for switching the primary display to the integrated GPU, thereby leaving the +dedicated GPU available for use by the VM. + +### What you'll need + +To complete this step, you will need: + +* Access to the BIOS settings of the host machine. + +### Procedure + +Follow the steps below to set the primary display for the host machine. The steps configure the X +server to use the integrated GPU and set the primary display in the BIOS settings. + + + +1. Get the BusID of the integrated GPU by running the following command: + + ```console + user:~/virtml$ lspci | grep VGA + 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Raptor Lake-S GT1 [UHD Graphics 770] (rev 04) + 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 [GeForce RTX 3060 Lite Hash Rate] (rev a1) + ``` + + ```{note} + In this example, the BusID of the integrated GPU is `PCI:0:2:0`. + ``` + +1. Export the BusID in an environment variable: + + ```console + user:~/virtml$ export PCI_BUS_ID="PCI:0:2:0" + ``` + +1. Create the configuration file for the X server, using the provided template: + + ```console + user:~/virtml$ j2 infra/intel.conf.j2 > intel.conf + ``` + +1. Copy the configuration file to the X server configuration directory: + + ```console + user:~/virtml$ sudo cp intel.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf + ``` + +1. Change the ownership and the group of the configuration file to `root`: + + ```console + user:~/virtml$ sudo chown root:root /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf + ``` + +1. Boot to UEFI/BIOS settings, and set the primary display to the integrated GPU. Look under + "Advanced" settings, for an option like "Primary Display". Set it to "Auto" and connect the + monitor directly to the motherboard. Alternativelly, set it to "CPU" or "iGPU" if available. + + ```console + user:~/virtml$ sudo systemctl reboot --firmware-setup + ``` + +## Step 2: Enable GPU Passthrough + +In this section, you will bind the GPU to the VFIO driver and prevent the Linux Kernel from loading +the NVIDIA driver during boot. + +### What you'll need + +To complete this step, you will need: + +* A dedicated GPU that is not being used by the host. + +### Procedure + +Follow the steps below to bind the GPU to the VFIO driver and prevent the Linux Kernel from loading +the NVIDIA driver during boot. + +1. Change to root user: + + ```console + user:~/virtml$ sudo su - + root:~# + ``` + +1. Get the PCIe ID of the GPU: + + ```console + root:~# lspci -nn | grep -i nvidia + 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 [GeForce RTX 3060 Lite Hash Rate] [10de:2504] (rev a1) + 01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:228e] (rev a1) + ``` + + ```{note} + The PCIe ID of the VGA controller is `10de:2504` and the Audio device is `10de:228e`. Take a + note of these IDs. You will need them later. + ``` + +1. Change the `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT` variable in the `/etc/default/grub` file to include the + following options: + + * `intel_iommu=on`: Enable IOMMU for the integrated GPU. + * `iommu=pt`: Enable IOMMU passthrough. + + ```console + root:~# sed -i 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="\(.*\)"/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="\1 intel_iommu=on iommu=pt"/' /etc/default/grub + ``` + +1. Update the GRUB configuration: + + ```console + root:~# update-grub + ``` + +1. Create a configuration file to bind the GPU to the VFIO driver: + + a. Run the following command: + + ```console + root:~# cat > /etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf + ``` + + b. Copy and paste the following text: + + ``` + options vfio-pci ids=10de:2504,10de:228e + softdep nvidia pre: vfio-pci + ``` + + ```{important} + Replace `10de:2504,10de:228e` with the PCIe IDs of your GPU. + ``` + + c. Run `CTRL + D` to exit. + +1. Update the initial ramdisk: + + ```console + root:~# update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r) + ``` + +1. Reboot the system: + + ```console + root:~# reboot + ``` + +### Verify + +Verify that the GPU is bound to the VFIO driver: + +1. Check if the GPU is bound to the VFIO driver: + + ```console + root:~# lspci -k | grep -E "vfio-pci|NVIDIA" + 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 [GeForce RTX 3060 Lite Hash Rate] (rev a1) + Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci + 01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1) + Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci + ``` diff --git a/_sources/index.rst.txt b/_sources/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a01c7f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +.. title:: VirtML + +.. # define a hard line break for HTML +.. |br| raw:: html + +
+ +.. image:: ../../assets/images/virtml-logo-black.svg + :alt: VirtML Logo + :align: center + +|br| + +.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-apache%202.0-blue + :target: https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + :alt: License: Apache 2.0 + +.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/debian-bookworm-red + :target: https://www.debian.org/ + :alt: Debian: Bookworm + +.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/kubeflow-v1.8-orange + :target: https://www.kubeflow.org/ + :alt: Kubeflow: v1.8 + +.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/kubernetes-v1.29.3-orange + :target: https://kubernetes.io/ + :alt: Kubernetes: v1.29.3 + +|br| + +VirtML is a project dedicated to simplifying the process of setting up `Kubeflow `_ +in a virtualized environment, making it easier for data scientists to leverage the power of Machine +Learning (ML) workflows on Kubernetes. + +Follow the guides below to get started with VirtML! You have two options: + +👨‍🔬 **Manual Deployment**: Follow the step-by-step guides to set up a virtualized environment for +Kubeflow using a manual approach, setting everything by hand. This is a great way to learn the ins +and outs of the process. + +🤖 **Automated Deployment**: Use Ansible playbooks to automate the deployment of a virtualized +environment for Kubeflow. This is a great way to quickly get started with VirtML. + +In any case, you should follow complete the core guides first, as they lay the foundation for either +approach. + +.. note:: + + This project is tested on Debian 12 (Bookworm). It should work on other Debian-based + distributions but it will require some modifications. We also plan to support Rocky Linux in the + future. + +🚧 🚧 🚧 This is Work-in-Progress 🚧 🚧 🚧 + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Core Guides + + qemu-kvm + gpu-passthrough + debian-vm + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :caption: Deployment Guides + + manual-deployment/index.rst + +Contact +------- + +* Dimitris Poulopoulos dimitris.a.poulopoulos@gmail.com + +We warmly welcome your feedback and look forward to hearing from you! + +.. Indices and tables +.. ================== + +.. * :ref:`genindex` +.. * :ref:`modindex` +.. * :ref:`search` diff --git a/_sources/manual-deployment/debian-preseed.md.txt b/_sources/manual-deployment/debian-preseed.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f7f0e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/manual-deployment/debian-preseed.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +# Deploy Debian on KVM + +This guide walks you through booting a VM from the network and installing Debian 12 (Bookworm), +using a PXE server. Moreover, you will learn how to use a [preseed](https://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/Preseed) +file to automate the installation of Debian 12 on any VM. + +## Step 1: Define the Worker VM + +In this section, you define a new VM. We will use this as a use case. Then, you can deploy any VM +you want to create a Kubernetes cluster (e.g., a control plane, another worker, etc.) using exactly +the same process. + +### What you'll need + +To complete this guide, you will need the following: + +* A working [QEMU/KVM installation](../qemu-kvm). +* A configured [PXE Server](pxe-server). + +### Procedure + +Follow the steps below to define a new VM: + +1. Change to root user: + + ```console + user:~$ sudo su - + root:~# + ``` + +1. Navigate to the project's root directory: + + ```console + root:~# cd /home/user/virtlml + ``` + + ```{note} + Replace `/home/user/virtlml` with the path to your project's root directory. + ``` + +1. Create a new `QCOW2` virtual disk for the VM: + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/worker.qcow2 96G + Formatting '/var/lib/libvirt/images/worker.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=103079215104 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16 + ``` + +1. Define a new VM, using the XML file inside the `infra` directory: + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh define --file infra/worker.xml + Domain 'worker' defined from worker.xml + ``` + + ```{note} + The `worker.xml` file is a template for the VM. You can modify it to fit your needs. Pay close + attention to the sections where you specify the path to the `QCOW2` file. + ``` + +### Verify + +Verify that the VM has been defined correctly and is in the `shut off` state: + +1. List the VMs you have defined: + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh list --all + Id Name State + ----------------------------- + 1 pxe-server running + - worker shut off + ``` + +## Step 2: Configure the PXE Server + +In this section, you configure your PXE Server to repond to request from this specific VM. To +achieve this, you use the MAC address of your newly created machine. + +### What you'll need + +To complete this guide, you will need the following: + +* A defined worker VM. + +### Procedure + +1. Change back to your user: + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# exit + user:~$ + ``` + +1. Navigate to your project's directory: + + ```console + user:~$ cd virtlml + ``` + + ```{note} + Replace `virtlml` with the path to your project's root directory. + ``` + +1. Decide on login credentials for the `root` user of new worker VM: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ export ROOTPW_HASH=$(openssl passwd -6) + ``` + +1. Export your public SSH key: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ export SSH_KEY=$(cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) + ``` + +1. Render the preseed file: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ j2 infra/preseed.cfg.j2 > preseed.cfg + ``` + +1. Copy the preseed file onto the PXE Server: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ scp preseed.cfg root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp/preseed.cfg + ``` + +1. Decide on the IP address and the hostname of the worker VM: + + a. Set the VM's IP address: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ export CLIENT_IP=192.168.1.16 + ``` + + b. Set the VM's MAC address: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ export CLIENT_MAC=$(virsh dumpxml worker | grep " dnsmasq.conf-01-${CLIENT_MAC//:/-} + ``` + +1. Copy the configuration file onto the PXE Server: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ scp dnsmasq.conf-01- root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d/dnsmasq.conf- + ``` + + ```{note} + The `` suffix is the MAC address of the worker VM. + ``` + +1. SSH into the PXE server VM: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ ssh user@pxe-server + ``` + + ```{note} + Replace `user` with your username. Also, replace `pxe-server` with the IP address of the VM. + Alternatively, you can add an entry to your `/etc/hosts` file with the IP address and hostname + of the VM. + ``` + +1. Change to root user: + + ```console + user@pxe-server:~$ sudo su - + root@pxe-server:~# + ``` + +1. Restart the `dnsmasq` service: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:~# systemctl restart dnsmasq + ``` + +1. Log out the PXE Server: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:~# exit + ``` + +## Step 3: Start the worker VM + +In this final section, you start the worker VM and watch as it boots from the network and installs +Debian automatically. + +### What you'll need + +* A defined worker VM. +* A configured PXE Server, ready to respond to DHCP discover requests from a spcific MAC address. + +### Procedure + +1. Change to root user: + + ```console + user:~$ sudo su - + root:~# + ``` + +1. Start the worker VM: + + ```console + root:~# virsh start worker + Domain 'worker' started + ``` + +### Verify + +1. Connect to the worker VM through the "Virtual Machine Manager" UI and watch as the Debian + installer automatically installs the OS, without any human intervention. + + ```console + root:/home/user/virtlml# virt-manager + ``` diff --git a/_sources/manual-deployment/index.rst.txt b/_sources/manual-deployment/index.rst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c678360 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/manual-deployment/index.rst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +Manual Deployment +================= + +This section walks you through the manual deployment of a Debian system using a PXE server and a +preseed file. This is a great way to learn the ins and outs of the process. + +By following the steps in this section, you will learn to configure a Debian VM to act as a PXE +server, and use it to deploy a Debian system on a target machine. You will also learn how to +automate the Debian installation process using a preseed file. + +.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/license-apache%202.0-blue + :target: https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + :alt: License: Apache 2.0 + +.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/debian-bookworm-red + :target: https://www.debian.org/ + :alt: Debian: Bookworm + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + pxe-server + debian-preseed + kubernetes + longhorn + kubeflow diff --git a/_sources/manual-deployment/kubeflow.md.txt b/_sources/manual-deployment/kubeflow.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eca5108 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/manual-deployment/kubeflow.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +# Deploy Kubeflow + +In this section, you will learn how to deploy [Kubeflow](https://www.kubeflow.org/) on your +Kubernetes cluster. Kubeflow is an open-source machine learning (ML) toolkit for Kubernetes. It is +designed to simplify the process of training, serving, and deploying ML models at scale. + +Having a local instance of Kubeflow is useful for development and testing purposes. It allows you to +experiment with different ML models and workflows without incurring the costs of cloud resources. It +is an invaluable step for learning MLOps practices and understanding how Kubernetes works by +examing a real-world use case. + +## What you'll need + +To complete this guide, you will need the following: + +* A running Kubernetes cluster. You can use the [Kubernetes cluster](kubernetes) you created in the + previous section. +* Kustomize installed on your local machine. You can install it by following the instructions in the + [official documentation](https://kubectl.docs.kubernetes.io/installation/kustomize/). + +## Procedure + +Follow the steps below to deploy Kubeflow on your Kubernetes cluster: + +1. Clone the Kubeflow manifests repository: + + ```console + user:~$ git clone https://github.com/kubeflow/manifests.git + ``` + +1. Change to the manifests directory: + + ```console + user:~$ cd manifests + ``` + +1. Checkout a specific version of the Kubeflow manifests repository: + + ```console + user:~/manifests$ git checkout tags/v1.8.0 + ``` + + ```{note} + This documentation uses version 1.8.0 of the Kubeflow manifests. You can replace `v1.8.0` with + the version you want to use. + ``` + +1. Deploy Kubeflow using the Kustomize: + + ```console + user:~/manifests$ while ! kustomize build example | kubectl apply -f -; do echo "Retrying to apply resources"; sleep 10; done + ``` + + ```{note} + The `while` loop retries the `kubectl apply` command until it succeeds. The whole process can + take up to 10 minutes. + ``` + +## Verify + +Verify that Kubeflow is running. + +1. Check the status of the pods in the `kubeflow` namespace: + + ```console + user:~$ kubectl get pods -n kubeflow + ``` + + ```{note} + The output should show a list of pods running in the `kubeflow` namespace. + ``` + +1. Port-forward the Istio Ingress Gateway service to access the Kubeflow dashboard: + + ```console + user:~$ kubectl port-forward svc/istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system 8080:80 + ``` + +1. Open a web browser and navigate to `http://localhost:8080`. You should see the Kubeflow + dashboard. + + ```{note} + The default username is `user@example.com` and the default password is `12341234`. + ``` diff --git a/_sources/manual-deployment/kubernetes.md.txt b/_sources/manual-deployment/kubernetes.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3920aab --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/manual-deployment/kubernetes.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +# Deploy Kubernetes + +In this section, you will learn how to deploy a Kubernetes cluster using [kubespray](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray). +Now that you have a few VMs running, you can use them as targets for the Kubernetes cluster. + +Kubespray is a set of Ansible playbooks that you can use to deploy a Kubernetes cluster. It is +designed to be used in a variety of environments, including bare metal, virtual machines, and cloud +providers. In this case, you will use it to deploy a Kubernetes cluster on VMs running on your local +machine. + +## What you'll need + +To complete this guide, you will need the following: + +* A set of running VMs. You can use the [VMs](debian-preseed) you created in the previous sections. + +## Procedure + +Follow the steps below to deploy a Kubernetes cluster: + +1. Clone the kubespray repository: + + ```console + user:~$ git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray.git + ``` + +1. Change to the kubespray directory: + + ```console + user:~$ cd kubespray + ``` + +1. Copy the `inventory/sample` file as `inventory/mycluster`: + + ```console + user:~/kubespray$ cp -rfp inventory/sample inventory/mycluster + ``` + +1. Update the Ansible inventory file using the inventory builder script: + + ```console + user:~/kubespray$ declare -a IPS=(10.10.1.3 10.10.1.4 10.10.1.5 10.10.1.6) + ``` + + ```{note} + Replace the IP addresses with the ones of your VMs. + ``` + + ```console + user:~/kubespray$ CONFIG_FILE=inventory/mycluster/hosts.yaml python3 contrib/inventory_builder/inventory.py ${IPS[@]} + ``` + +1. Review and change parameters under `inventory/mycluster/group_vars`: + + ```console + user:~/kubespray$ cat inventory/mycluster/group_vars/all/all.yml + ``` + + ```console + user:~/kubespray$ cat inventory/mycluster/group_vars/k8s_cluster/k8s-cluster.yml + ``` + +1. Deploy Kubespray with Ansible Playbook: + + ```console + user:~/kubespray$ ansible-playbook -i inventory/mycluster/hosts.yaml --user=root cluster.yml + ``` + + ```{note} + This command will deploy a Kubernetes cluster on the VMs you specified in the inventory file. + ``` + +## Verify + +Follow the steps below to verify the Kubernetes deployment: + +1. Verify that the Kubernetes cluster is up and running: + + ```console + user:~/kubespray$ kubectl get nodes + NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION + node1 Ready control-plane 1m v1.29.3 + node2 Ready control-plane 1m v1.29.3 + node3 Ready 1m v1.29.3 + node4 Ready 1m v1.29.3 + ``` + + ```{note} + The output should show the nodes in the cluster and their status. What you care about is that all + nodes are `Ready`. + ``` diff --git a/_sources/manual-deployment/longhorn.md.txt b/_sources/manual-deployment/longhorn.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecd35c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/manual-deployment/longhorn.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +# Deploy Longhorn + +This guide walks you through deploying Longhorn on a Kubernetes cluster. Longhorn is a distributed +block storage system for Kubernetes that is built using containers. It provides features such as +snapshots, backups, and volume expansion. + +## What you'll need + +To complete this guide, you'll need the following: + +* A running [Kubernetes](kubernetes) cluster. + +## Procedure + +To deploy Longhorn on a Kubernetes cluster, run the following command: + +Deploy the Longhorn kustomization: + +```console +user:~/virtlml$ kubectl apply -k manifests/longhorn/overlays/kubeflow +``` + +```{note} +This command will deploy Longhorn on the Kubernetes cluster. It may take a few minutes for the +deployment to complete. +``` + +## Verify + +To verify that Longhorn is running, run the following commands: + +1. Check that the Longhorn pods are running: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ kubectl get pods -n longhorn-system + csi-attacher-5c4bfdcf59-76dpt 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-attacher-5c4bfdcf59-zc96c 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-attacher-5c4bfdcf59-zpcrd 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-provisioner-667796df57-l4bvn 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-provisioner-667796df57-tn5mt 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-provisioner-667796df57-wr9gz 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-resizer-694f8f5f64-krdwn 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-resizer-694f8f5f64-q7r64 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-resizer-694f8f5f64-st9vb 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-snapshotter-959b69d4b-2trb4 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-snapshotter-959b69d4b-44bdw 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + csi-snapshotter-959b69d4b-nmxxz 1/1 Running 0 6m34s + engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-2cpx5 1/1 Running 0 6m40s + engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-5kkpx 1/1 Running 0 6m40s + engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-6lw22 1/1 Running 0 6m40s + engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-7tj7g 1/1 Running 0 6m40s + engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-bmbxl 1/1 Running 0 6m40s + instance-manager-143975653f867415efd89c7528bfdfd9 1/1 Running 0 6m39s + instance-manager-931660a4d81395a5ee4a44842096109a 1/1 Running 0 6m40s + instance-manager-d7ddfb2f3c3853b122fcc734777e3447 1/1 Running 0 6m39s + instance-manager-e3d1d6988014e64b4f12d6d513f72715 1/1 Running 0 6m40s + instance-manager-e58918fd8369607e8bff43f3856618be 1/1 Running 0 6m39s + longhorn-csi-plugin-8twkq 3/3 Running 0 6m34s + longhorn-csi-plugin-cq6pw 3/3 Running 0 6m34s + longhorn-csi-plugin-fvf6p 3/3 Running 0 6m34s + longhorn-csi-plugin-rwgg9 3/3 Running 0 6m34s + longhorn-csi-plugin-xzrlt 3/3 Running 0 6m34s + longhorn-driver-deployer-7449f56699-h52tj 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-iscsi-installation-2jgww 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-iscsi-installation-6p9f8 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-iscsi-installation-r8bbc 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-iscsi-installation-v9pz2 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-iscsi-installation-vwphj 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-manager-4k2hl 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-manager-4zvhw 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-manager-7p99c 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-manager-96rnf 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-manager-rxfr6 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-nfs-installation-4h9qq 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-nfs-installation-7d847 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-nfs-installation-9krbq 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-nfs-installation-bt4x2 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-nfs-installation-pggtb 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-ui-6c8c4fcbb8-2p7ld 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + longhorn-ui-6c8c4fcbb8-fhrbh 1/1 Running 0 6m47s + ``` + + ```{note} + This command will list all the Longhorn pods in the `longhorn-system` namespace. After a couple of + minutes, all the pods should be in the `Running` state. + ``` + +1. Launch the Longhorn UI: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ kubectl port-forward -n longhorn-system svc/longhorn-frontend 8080:80 + ``` + + Open a web browser and navigate to `http://localhost:8080`. You should see the Longhorn UI: + + ![Longhorn UI](images/longhorn-ui.png) diff --git a/_sources/manual-deployment/pxe-server.md.txt b/_sources/manual-deployment/pxe-server.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a1f4e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/manual-deployment/pxe-server.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,253 @@ +# Configure a PXE server + +This guide will walk you through configuring a PXE server to boot any machine that is connected to +the same network and install Debian `12.4` on it. + +## What you'll need + +To complete this guide, you will need the following: + +* A VM with [Debian `12.4`](debian-vm) installed. + +## Procedure + +Follow the steps below to configure a PXE server: + +1. SSH into the PXE server VM: + + ```console + user:~/virtlml$ ssh user@pxe-server + ``` + + ```{note} + Replace `user` with your username. Also, replace `pxe-server` with the IP address of the VM. + Alternatively, you can add an entry to your `/etc/hosts` file with the IP address and hostname + of the VM. + ``` + +1. Change to root user: + + ```console + user@pxe-server:~$ sudo su - + root@pxe-server:~# + ``` + +1. Install the required packages: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:~# apt update && apt install -y dnsmasq python3-jinja2 tftp + ``` + +1. Set up a useful alias to render templates: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:~# alias j2r="python3 -c 'import os; import sys; import jinja2 as j2; print(j2.Environment(undefined=j2.StrictUndefined).from_string(sys.stdin.read()).render(os.environ))'" + ``` + +1. Download the `netboot.tar.gz` file, which contains the network installer for Debian `12.4`: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:~# wget https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/Debian12.4/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz + ``` + +1. Create a `tftp` directory to store the files that will be served by the TFTP server, and navigate + into it: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:~# mkdir -p /srv/tftp && cd /srv/tftp + ``` + +1. Extract the `netboot.tar.gz` file: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# tar xzvf ~/netboot.tar.gz + ``` + +1. Remove any unnecessary files: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# rm ldlinux.c32 pxelinux.0 pxelinux.cfg + ``` + +1. Create a few extra symlinks for the `bootnetx64.efi` and `grubx64.efi` files: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# ln -s debian-installer/amd64/bootnetx64.efi . + ``` + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# ln -s debian-installer/amd64/grubx64.efi . + ``` + +1. Navigate to the `/etc/dnsmasq.d` directory: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# cd /etc/dnsmasq.d + ``` + +1. Export environment variables for your network settings. Replace the example values with values + specific to your network: + + * `DHCP_NETWORK`: The network address of the DHCP server. + * `DHCP_GATEWAY`: The gateway address of the DHCP server. + * `DHCP_NETMASK`: The netmaWsk of the DHCP server. + * `DHCP_DNS_SERVER`: The DNS server address of the DHCP server. + +
+ + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# export DHCP_NETWORK="192.168.1.0" + ``` + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# export DHCP_GATEWAY="192.168.1.1" + ``` + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# export DHCP_NETMASK="255.255.255.0" + ``` + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# export DHCP_DNS_SERVER="8.8.8.8" + ``` + +1. Configure the `dnsmasq` service to disable DNS, and enable DHCP and TFTP: + + a. Run the following command: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# j2r > virtlml.conf + ``` + + b. Copy and paste the following text: + + ``` + # DNS: Disable + port=0 + + # DHCP: Enable (for specific addresses) + dhcp-range={{ DHCP_NETWORK }},static + dhcp-option=option:netmask,{{ DHCP_NETMASK }} + dhcp-option=option:router,{{ DHCP_GATEWAY }} + dhcp-option=option:dns-server,{{ DHCP_DNS_SERVER }} + log-dhcp + + # TFTP: Enable + enable-tftp + tftp-root=/srv/tftp + dhcp-boot=/bootnetx64.efi + ``` + + c. Run `CTRL + D` to exit. + + + +1. Create a template for `dnsmaq` to respond to individual DHCP requests: + + a. Run the following command: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# cat > .template.j2 + ``` + + a. Copy and paste the following text: + + ``` + dhcp-host={{ CLIENT_MAC }},{{ CLIENT_HOSTNAME }},{{ CLIENT_IP }} + ``` + + a. Run `CTRL + D` to exit. + + + + ```{note} + You will later set the `{{ MAC_ADDRESS }}` with the MAC address of the machine you want to boot, + and assign the hostname and IP address you want via the corresponding environment variables + (i.e., CLIENT_HOSTNAME, CLIENT_IP). + ``` + +1. Restart the `dnsmasq` service: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# systemctl restart dnsmasq + ``` + +1. Return to your local machine: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# exit + user:~/virtlml$ + ``` + +1. Change the `grub.cfg` file to choose the "Automated Install" option by default, and pull the + preseed file from the network: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# EXPORT PXE_SERVER="192.168.122.16" + ``` + + ```{note} + Replace the `PXE_SERVER` IP value with your PXE server IP address. + ``` + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# j2 infra/grub.cfg.j2 > infra/grub.cfg + ``` + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# scp infra/grub.cfg root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp/debian-installer/amd64/grub/grub.cfg + ``` + +## Verify + +Verify that the `dnsmasq` service is running and serving files over TFTP: + +1. Ensure that the `dnsmasq` service is running: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# systemctl status dnsmasq.service + ● dnsmasq.service - dnsmasq - A lightweight DHCP and caching DNS server + Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service; enabled; preset: enabled) + Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-02-08 11:52:08 EET; 10min ago + Process: 469 ExecStartPre=/etc/init.d/dnsmasq checkconfig (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) + Process: 484 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/dnsmasq systemd-exec (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) + Process: 494 ExecStartPost=/etc/init.d/dnsmasq systemd-start-resolvconf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) + Main PID: 493 (dnsmasq) + Tasks: 1 (limit: 2307) + Memory: 4.3M + CPU: 72ms + CGroup: /system.slice/dnsmasq.service + └─493 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -x /run/dnsmasq/dnsmasq.pid -u dnsmasq -7 /etc/dnsmasq.d,.dpkg-dist,.dpkg-old,.dpkg-new --local-service --trust-anchor=.,2032> + + Feb 08 11:52:07 pxe-server systemd[1]: Starting dnsmasq.service - dnsmasq - A lightweight DHCP and caching DNS server... + Feb 08 11:52:07 pxe-server dnsmasq[493]: started, version 2.89 DNS disabled + ``` + +1. Confirm `dnsmasq` serves files over TFTP: + + ```console + root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# tftp localhost -c get /version.info /dev/stdout + Debian version: 12 (bookworm) + Installer build: 20230607+deb12u4 + ``` diff --git a/_sources/qemu-kvm.md.txt b/_sources/qemu-kvm.md.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c088cca --- /dev/null +++ b/_sources/qemu-kvm.md.txt @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +# Install QEMU/KVM on Debian/Ubuntu + +This guide walks you through installing QEMU/KVM on a Debian-based system. [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/) +is a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer, which allows for the emulation of +various hardware platforms. + +[KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)](https://linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page) is a virtualization +module in the Linux kernel that allows the kernel to function as a hypervisor, enabling the running +of multiple, isolated virtual environments. + +## What you'll need + +Το complete this guide, you will need the following: + +* A Debian-based system. + +```{note} +This project is tested on Debian 12 (Bookworm). It should work on other Debian-based distributions +but it will require some modifications. We also plan to support Rocky Linux in the future. +``` + +## Procedure + +Follow the steps below to install QEMU/KVM on your Debian-based system. The steps check if your CPU +supports virtualization technology, install the required packages, and enable the `libvirtd` +virtualization daemon. + +1. Change to root user: + + ```console + user:~$ sudo su - + root:~# + ``` + +1. Check if your CPU supports virtualization technology. If Virtualization is supported, the output + should be greater than `0`: + + ```console + root:~# egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo + 56 + ``` + +1. Check if KVM virtualization is supported: + + ```console + root:~# kvm-ok + INFO: /dev/kvm exists + KVM acceleration can be used + ``` + + ```{warning} + + If the `kvm-ok` utility is missing, install the `cpu-checker` package: + + ```console + root:~# apt update && apt install -y cpu-checker + ``` + +1. Install QEMU/KVM and other required packages: + + ```console + root:~# apt update && \ + apt install -y qemu-kvm libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system \ + bridge-utils virtinst virt-manager + ``` + + This will install the following packages: + + - **qemu-kvm**: An open-source emulator that emulates the hardware resources of a computer. + - **libvirt-clients**: APIs and client-side libraries for managing virtual machines from the + command line. + - **libvirt-daemon-system**: Provides configuration files needed to run the virtualization + service. + - **bridge-utils**: A set of command-line tools for managing bridge devices. + - **virtinst**: A collection of command-line utilities for creating and making changes to + virtual machines. + - **virt-manager**: A Qt-based GUI interface for creating and managing virtual machines using + the libvirt daemon. + +
+ +1. Enable and start the `libvirtd` virtualization daemon: + + ```console + root:~# systemctl enable --now libvirtd + ``` + +1. Change back to your user account: + + ```console + root:~# exit + user:~$ + ``` + +1. Add your user account to the `kvm` and `libvirt` groups: + + ```console + user:~$ sudo usermod -aG kvm,libvirt $USER + ``` + +## Verify + +Follow the steps below to verify that QEMU/KVM is correctly installed on your system, and launch the +Virtual Machine Manager desktop application: + +1. Verify that the `libvirtd` service is running: + + ```console + user:~$ sudo systemctl status libvirtd + ● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon + Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; preset: enabled) + Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-02-08 08:07:20 EET; 7h ago + ...skipping... + ``` + +1. Check that QEMU is correctly installed by querying its version: + + ```console + user:~$ qemu-system-x86_64 --version + QEMU emulator version 7.2.7 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-7+deb12u3) + Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers + ``` + +1. Launch the `virt-manager` application: + + ```console + user:~$ virt-manager + ``` diff --git a/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8141580 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/_sphinx_javascript_frameworks_compat.js @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +/* Compatability shim for jQuery and underscores.js. + * + * Copyright Sphinx contributors + * Released under the two clause BSD licence + */ + +/** + * small helper function to urldecode strings + * + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/decodeURIComponent#Decoding_query_parameters_from_a_URL + */ +jQuery.urldecode = function(x) { + if (!x) { + return x + } + return decodeURIComponent(x.replace(/\+/g, ' ')); +}; + +/** + * small helper function to urlencode strings + */ +jQuery.urlencode = encodeURIComponent; + +/** + * This function returns the parsed url parameters of the + * current request. Multiple values per key are supported, + * it will always return arrays of strings for the value parts. + */ +jQuery.getQueryParameters = function(s) { + if (typeof s === 'undefined') + s = document.location.search; + var parts = s.substr(s.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); + var result = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < parts.length; i++) { + var tmp = parts[i].split('=', 2); + var key = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[0]); + var value = jQuery.urldecode(tmp[1]); + if (key in result) + result[key].push(value); + else + result[key] = [value]; + } + return result; +}; + +/** + * highlight a given string on a jquery object by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +jQuery.fn.highlightText = function(text, className) { + function highlight(node, addItems) { + if (node.nodeType === 3) { + var val = node.nodeValue; + var pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if (pos >= 0 && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass(className) && + !jQuery(node.parentNode).hasClass("nohighlight")) { + var span; + var isInSVG = jQuery(node).closest("body, svg, foreignObject").is("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.className = className; + } + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + node.parentNode.insertBefore(span, node.parentNode.insertBefore( + document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)), + node.nextSibling)); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + if (isInSVG) { + var rect = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "rect"); + var bbox = node.parentElement.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute('class', className); + addItems.push({ + "parent": node.parentNode, + "target": rect}); + } + } + } + else if (!jQuery(node).is("button, select, textarea")) { + jQuery.each(node.childNodes, function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + } + } + var addItems = []; + var result = this.each(function() { + highlight(this, addItems); + }); + for (var i = 0; i < addItems.length; ++i) { + jQuery(addItems[i].parent).before(addItems[i].target); + } + return result; +}; + +/* + * backward compatibility for jQuery.browser + * This will be supported until firefox bug is fixed. + */ +if (!jQuery.browser) { + jQuery.uaMatch = function(ua) { + ua = ua.toLowerCase(); + + var match = /(chrome)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(webkit)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(opera)(?:.*version|)[ \/]([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + /(msie) ([\w.]+)/.exec(ua) || + ua.indexOf("compatible") < 0 && /(mozilla)(?:.*? rv:([\w.]+)|)/.exec(ua) || + []; + + return { + browser: match[ 1 ] || "", + version: match[ 2 ] || "0" + }; + }; + jQuery.browser = {}; + jQuery.browser[jQuery.uaMatch(navigator.userAgent).browser] = true; +} diff --git a/_static/basic.css b/_static/basic.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30fee9d --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/basic.css @@ -0,0 +1,925 @@ +/* + * basic.css + * ~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ + +/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.clearer { + clear: both; +} + +div.section::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: left; +} + +/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.related { + width: 100%; + font-size: 90%; +} + +div.related h3 { + display: none; +} + +div.related ul { + margin: 0; + padding: 0 0 0 10px; + list-style: none; +} + +div.related li { + display: inline; +} + +div.related li.right { + float: right; + margin-right: 5px; +} + +/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sphinxsidebarwrapper { + padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar { + float: left; + width: 230px; + margin-left: -100%; + font-size: 90%; + word-wrap: break-word; + overflow-wrap : break-word; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul { + list-style: none; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul, +div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points { + margin-left: 20px; + list-style: square; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar ul ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar form { + margin-top: 10px; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar input { + border: 1px solid #98dbcc; + font-family: sans-serif; + font-size: 1em; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search { + overflow: hidden; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] { + float: left; + width: 80%; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + +div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] { + float: left; + width: 20%; + border-left: none; + padding: 0.25em; + box-sizing: border-box; +} + + +img { + border: 0; + max-width: 100%; +} + +/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +ul.search { + margin: 10px 0 0 20px; + padding: 0; +} + +ul.search li { + padding: 5px 0 5px 20px; + background-image: url(file.png); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: 0 7px; +} + +ul.search li a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +ul.search li p.context { + color: #888; + margin: 2px 0 0 30px; + text-align: left; +} + +ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */ + +table.contentstable { + width: 90%; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.contentstable p.biglink { + line-height: 150%; +} + +a.biglink { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +span.linkdescr { + font-style: italic; + padding-top: 5px; + font-size: 90%; +} + +/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.indextable { + width: 100%; +} + +table.indextable td { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; +} + +table.indextable ul { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + list-style-type: none; +} + +table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul { + padding-left: 0em; +} + +table.indextable tr.pcap { + height: 10px; +} + +table.indextable tr.cap { + margin-top: 10px; + background-color: #f2f2f2; +} + +img.toggler { + margin-right: 3px; + margin-top: 3px; + cursor: pointer; +} + +div.modindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +div.genindex-jumpbox { + border-top: 1px solid #ddd; + border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; + margin: 1em 0 1em 0; + padding: 0.4em; +} + +/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.modindextable td { + padding: 2px; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.body { + min-width: 360px; + max-width: 800px; +} + +div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote { + -moz-hyphens: auto; + -ms-hyphens: auto; + -webkit-hyphens: auto; + hyphens: auto; +} + +a.headerlink { + visibility: hidden; +} + +a:visited { + color: #551A8B; +} + +h1:hover > a.headerlink, +h2:hover > a.headerlink, +h3:hover > a.headerlink, +h4:hover > a.headerlink, +h5:hover > a.headerlink, +h6:hover > a.headerlink, +dt:hover > a.headerlink, +caption:hover > a.headerlink, +p.caption:hover > a.headerlink, +div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +div.body p.caption { + text-align: inherit; +} + +div.body td { + text-align: left; +} + +.first { + margin-top: 0 !important; +} + +p.rubric { + margin-top: 30px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left { + clear: left; + float: left; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right { + clear: right; + float: right; + margin-left: 1em; +} + +img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default { + display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.align-left { + text-align: left; +} + +.align-center { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-default { + text-align: center; +} + +.align-right { + text-align: right; +} + +/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar, +aside.sidebar { + margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; + border: 1px solid #ddb; + padding: 7px; + background-color: #ffe; + width: 40%; + float: right; + clear: right; + overflow-x: auto; +} + +p.sidebar-title { + font-weight: bold; +} + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote { + clear: left; +} + +/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +nav.contents, +aside.topic, +div.topic { + border: 1px solid #ccc; + padding: 7px; + margin: 10px 0 10px 0; +} + +p.topic-title { + font-size: 1.1em; + font-weight: bold; + margin-top: 10px; +} + +/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.admonition { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + padding: 7px; +} + +div.admonition dt { + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.admonition-title { + margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px; + font-weight: bold; +} + +div.body p.centered { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 25px; +} + +/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */ + +div.sidebar > :last-child, +aside.sidebar > :last-child, +nav.contents > :last-child, +aside.topic > :last-child, +div.topic > :last-child, +div.admonition > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +div.sidebar::after, +aside.sidebar::after, +nav.contents::after, +aside.topic::after, +div.topic::after, +div.admonition::after, +blockquote::after { + display: block; + content: ''; + clear: both; +} + +/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.docutils { + margin-top: 10px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + border: 0; + border-collapse: collapse; +} + +table.align-center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table.align-default { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +table caption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +table caption span.caption-text { +} + +table.docutils td, table.docutils th { + padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px; + border-top: 0; + border-left: 0; + border-right: 0; + border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; +} + +th { + text-align: left; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +table.citation { + border-left: solid 1px gray; + margin-left: 1px; +} + +table.citation td { + border-bottom: none; +} + +th > :first-child, +td > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +th > :last-child, +td > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */ + +div.figure, figure { + margin: 0.5em; + padding: 0.5em; +} + +div.figure p.caption, figcaption { + padding: 0.3em; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-number, +figcaption span.caption-number { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.figure p.caption span.caption-text, +figcaption span.caption-text { +} + +/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.field-list td, table.field-list th { + border: 0 !important; +} + +.field-list ul { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 1em; +} + +.field-list p { + margin: 0; +} + +.field-name { + -moz-hyphens: manual; + -ms-hyphens: manual; + -webkit-hyphens: manual; + hyphens: manual; +} + +/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +table.hlist { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +table.hlist td { + vertical-align: top; +} + +/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */ + +.sig { + font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace; +} + +.sig-name, code.descname { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.sig-name { + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +code.descname { + font-size: 1.2em; +} + +.sig-prename, code.descclassname { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.optional { + font-size: 1.3em; +} + +.sig-paren { + font-size: larger; +} + +.sig-param.n { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* C++ specific styling */ + +.sig-inline.c-texpr, +.sig-inline.cpp-texpr { + font-family: unset; +} + +.sig.c .k, .sig.c .kt, +.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt { + color: #0033B3; +} + +.sig.c .m, +.sig.cpp .m { + color: #1750EB; +} + +.sig.c .s, .sig.c .sc, +.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc { + color: #067D17; +} + + +/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */ + +ol.arabic { + list-style: decimal; +} + +ol.loweralpha { + list-style: lower-alpha; +} + +ol.upperalpha { + list-style: upper-alpha; +} + +ol.lowerroman { + list-style: lower-roman; +} + +ol.upperroman { + list-style: upper-roman; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child, +:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +ol.simple ol p, +ol.simple ul p, +ul.simple ol p, +ul.simple ul p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p, +ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p { + margin-top: 0; +} + +ol.simple p, +ul.simple p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +aside.footnote > span, +div.citation > span { + float: left; +} +aside.footnote > span:last-of-type, +div.citation > span:last-of-type { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} +aside.footnote > p { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.citation > p { + margin-left: 4em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type, +div.citation > p:last-of-type { + margin-bottom: 0em; +} +aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after, +div.citation > p:last-of-type:after { + content: ""; + clear: both; +} + +dl.field-list { + display: grid; + grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto; +} + +dl.field-list > dt { + font-weight: bold; + word-break: break-word; + padding-left: 0.5em; + padding-right: 5px; +} + +dl.field-list > dd { + padding-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-left: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; +} + +dl { + margin-bottom: 15px; +} + +dd > :first-child { + margin-top: 0px; +} + +dd ul, dd table { + margin-bottom: 10px; +} + +dd { + margin-top: 3px; + margin-bottom: 10px; + margin-left: 30px; +} + +.sig dd { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +.sig dl { + margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 0px; +} + +dl > dd:last-child, +dl > dd:last-child > :last-child { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +dt:target, span.highlighted { + background-color: #fbe54e; +} + +rect.highlighted { + fill: #fbe54e; +} + +dl.glossary dt { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +.versionmodified { + font-style: italic; +} + +.system-message { + background-color: #fda; + padding: 5px; + border: 3px solid red; +} + +.footnote:target { + background-color: #ffa; +} + +.line-block { + display: block; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; +} + +.line-block .line-block { + margin-top: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-left: 1.5em; +} + +.guilabel, .menuselection { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +.accelerator { + text-decoration: underline; +} + +.classifier { + font-style: oblique; +} + +.classifier:before { + font-style: normal; + margin: 0 0.5em; + content: ":"; + display: inline-block; +} + +abbr, acronym { + border-bottom: dotted 1px; + cursor: help; +} + +.translated { + background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2) +} + +.untranslated { + background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2) +} + +/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */ + +pre { + overflow: auto; + overflow-y: hidden; /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ +} + +pre, div[class*="highlight-"] { + clear: both; +} + +span.pre { + -moz-hyphens: none; + -ms-hyphens: none; + -webkit-hyphens: none; + hyphens: none; + white-space: nowrap; +} + +div[class*="highlight-"] { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +td.linenos pre { + border: 0; + background-color: transparent; + color: #aaa; +} + +table.highlighttable { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tbody { + display: block; +} + +table.highlighttable tr { + display: flex; +} + +table.highlighttable td { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos { + padding-right: 0.5em; +} + +table.highlighttable td.code { + flex: 1; + overflow: hidden; +} + +.highlight .hll { + display: block; +} + +div.highlight pre, +table.highlighttable pre { + margin: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption + div { + margin-top: 0; +} + +div.code-block-caption { + margin-top: 1em; + padding: 2px 5px; + font-size: small; +} + +div.code-block-caption code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +table.highlighttable td.linenos, +span.linenos, +div.highlight span.gp { /* gp: Generic.Prompt */ + user-select: none; + -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */ + -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */ + -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */ + -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */ +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-number { + padding: 0.1em 0.3em; + font-style: italic; +} + +div.code-block-caption span.caption-text { +} + +div.literal-block-wrapper { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +code.xref, a code { + background-color: transparent; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code { + background-color: transparent; +} + +.viewcode-link { + float: right; +} + +.viewcode-back { + float: right; + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +div.viewcode-block:target { + margin: -1px -10px; + padding: 0 10px; +} + +/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */ + +img.math { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +div.body div.math p { + text-align: center; +} + +span.eqno { + float: right; +} + +span.eqno a.headerlink { + position: absolute; + z-index: 1; +} + +div.math:hover a.headerlink { + visibility: visible; +} + +/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */ + +@media print { + div.document, + div.documentwrapper, + div.bodywrapper { + margin: 0 !important; + width: 100%; + } + + div.sphinxsidebar, + div.related, + div.footer, + #top-link { + display: none; + } +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/check-solid.svg b/_static/check-solid.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..92fad4b --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/check-solid.svg @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + + + diff --git a/_static/clipboard.min.js b/_static/clipboard.min.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..54b3c46 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/clipboard.min.js @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +/*! + * clipboard.js v2.0.8 + * https://clipboardjs.com/ + * + * Licensed MIT © Zeno Rocha + */ +!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof exports?exports.ClipboardJS=e():t.ClipboardJS=e()}(this,function(){return n={686:function(t,e,n){"use strict";n.d(e,{default:function(){return o}});var e=n(279),i=n.n(e),e=n(370),u=n.n(e),e=n(817),c=n.n(e);function a(t){try{return document.execCommand(t)}catch(t){return}}var f=function(t){t=c()(t);return a("cut"),t};var l=function(t){var e,n,o,r=1 + + + + diff --git a/_static/copybutton.css b/_static/copybutton.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1916ec --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.css @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +/* Copy buttons */ +button.copybtn { + position: absolute; + display: flex; + top: .3em; + right: .3em; + width: 1.7em; + height: 1.7em; + opacity: 0; + transition: opacity 0.3s, border .3s, background-color .3s; + user-select: none; + padding: 0; + border: none; + outline: none; + border-radius: 0.4em; + /* The colors that GitHub uses */ + border: #1b1f2426 1px solid; + background-color: #f6f8fa; + color: #57606a; +} + +button.copybtn.success { + border-color: #22863a; + color: #22863a; +} + +button.copybtn svg { + stroke: currentColor; + width: 1.5em; + height: 1.5em; + padding: 0.1em; +} + +div.highlight { + position: relative; +} + +/* Show the copybutton */ +.highlight:hover button.copybtn, button.copybtn.success { + opacity: 1; +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:hover { + background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235); +} + +.highlight button.copybtn:active { + background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187); +} + +/** + * A minimal CSS-only tooltip copied from: + * https://codepen.io/mildrenben/pen/rVBrpK + * + * To use, write HTML like the following: + * + *

Short

+ */ + .o-tooltip--left { + position: relative; + } + + .o-tooltip--left:after { + opacity: 0; + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + content: attr(data-tooltip); + padding: .2em; + font-size: .8em; + left: -.2em; + background: grey; + color: white; + white-space: nowrap; + z-index: 2; + border-radius: 2px; + transform: translateX(-102%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); +} + +.o-tooltip--left:hover:after { + display: block; + opacity: 1; + visibility: visible; + transform: translateX(-100%) translateY(0); + transition: opacity 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1), transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.64, 0.09, 0.08, 1); + transition-delay: .5s; +} + +/* By default the copy button shouldn't show up when printing a page */ +@media print { + button.copybtn { + display: none; + } +} diff --git a/_static/copybutton.js b/_static/copybutton.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39cbaa7 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton.js @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +// Localization support +const messages = { + 'en': { + 'copy': 'Copy', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copy to clipboard', + 'copy_success': 'Copied!', + 'copy_failure': 'Failed to copy', + }, + 'es' : { + 'copy': 'Copiar', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiar al portapapeles', + 'copy_success': '¡Copiado!', + 'copy_failure': 'Error al copiar', + }, + 'de' : { + 'copy': 'Kopieren', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'In die Zwischenablage kopieren', + 'copy_success': 'Kopiert!', + 'copy_failure': 'Fehler beim Kopieren', + }, + 'fr' : { + 'copy': 'Copier', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copier dans le presse-papier', + 'copy_success': 'Copié !', + 'copy_failure': 'Échec de la copie', + }, + 'ru': { + 'copy': 'Скопировать', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Скопировать в буфер', + 'copy_success': 'Скопировано!', + 'copy_failure': 'Не удалось скопировать', + }, + 'zh-CN': { + 'copy': '复制', + 'copy_to_clipboard': '复制到剪贴板', + 'copy_success': '复制成功!', + 'copy_failure': '复制失败', + }, + 'it' : { + 'copy': 'Copiare', + 'copy_to_clipboard': 'Copiato negli appunti', + 'copy_success': 'Copiato!', + 'copy_failure': 'Errore durante la copia', + } +} + +let locale = 'en' +if( document.documentElement.lang !== undefined + && messages[document.documentElement.lang] !== undefined ) { + locale = document.documentElement.lang +} + +let doc_url_root = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.URL_ROOT; +if (doc_url_root == '#') { + doc_url_root = ''; +} + +/** + * SVG files for our copy buttons + */ +let iconCheck = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_success']} + + +` + +// If the user specified their own SVG use that, otherwise use the default +let iconCopy = ``; +if (!iconCopy) { + iconCopy = ` + ${messages[locale]['copy_to_clipboard']} + + + +` +} + +/** + * Set up copy/paste for code blocks + */ + +const runWhenDOMLoaded = cb => { + if (document.readyState != 'loading') { + cb() + } else if (document.addEventListener) { + document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', cb) + } else { + document.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', function() { + if (document.readyState == 'complete') cb() + }) + } +} + +const codeCellId = index => `codecell${index}` + +// Clears selected text since ClipboardJS will select the text when copying +const clearSelection = () => { + if (window.getSelection) { + window.getSelection().removeAllRanges() + } else if (document.selection) { + document.selection.empty() + } +} + +// Changes tooltip text for a moment, then changes it back +// We want the timeout of our `success` class to be a bit shorter than the +// tooltip and icon change, so that we can hide the icon before changing back. +var timeoutIcon = 2000; +var timeoutSuccessClass = 1500; + +const temporarilyChangeTooltip = (el, oldText, newText) => { + el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', newText) + el.classList.add('success') + // Remove success a little bit sooner than we change the tooltip + // So that we can use CSS to hide the copybutton first + setTimeout(() => el.classList.remove('success'), timeoutSuccessClass) + setTimeout(() => el.setAttribute('data-tooltip', oldText), timeoutIcon) +} + +// Changes the copy button icon for two seconds, then changes it back +const temporarilyChangeIcon = (el) => { + el.innerHTML = iconCheck; + setTimeout(() => {el.innerHTML = iconCopy}, timeoutIcon) +} + +const addCopyButtonToCodeCells = () => { + // If ClipboardJS hasn't loaded, wait a bit and try again. This + // happens because we load ClipboardJS asynchronously. + if (window.ClipboardJS === undefined) { + setTimeout(addCopyButtonToCodeCells, 250) + return + } + + // Add copybuttons to all of our code cells + const COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR = 'div.highlight pre'; + const codeCells = document.querySelectorAll(COPYBUTTON_SELECTOR) + codeCells.forEach((codeCell, index) => { + const id = codeCellId(index) + codeCell.setAttribute('id', id) + + const clipboardButton = id => + `` + codeCell.insertAdjacentHTML('afterend', clipboardButton(id)) + }) + +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} + + +var copyTargetText = (trigger) => { + var target = document.querySelector(trigger.attributes['data-clipboard-target'].value); + + // get filtered text + let exclude = '.linenos, .gp, .go'; + + let text = filterText(target, exclude); + return formatCopyText(text, '', false, true, true, true, '', '') +} + + // Initialize with a callback so we can modify the text before copy + const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.copybtn', {text: copyTargetText}) + + // Update UI with error/success messages + clipboard.on('success', event => { + clearSelection() + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_success']) + temporarilyChangeIcon(event.trigger) + }) + + clipboard.on('error', event => { + temporarilyChangeTooltip(event.trigger, messages[locale]['copy'], messages[locale]['copy_failure']) + }) +} + +runWhenDOMLoaded(addCopyButtonToCodeCells) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/copybutton_funcs.js b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbe1aaa --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/copybutton_funcs.js @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +function escapeRegExp(string) { + return string.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&'); // $& means the whole matched string +} + +/** + * Removes excluded text from a Node. + * + * @param {Node} target Node to filter. + * @param {string} exclude CSS selector of nodes to exclude. + * @returns {DOMString} Text from `target` with text removed. + */ +export function filterText(target, exclude) { + const clone = target.cloneNode(true); // clone as to not modify the live DOM + if (exclude) { + // remove excluded nodes + clone.querySelectorAll(exclude).forEach(node => node.remove()); + } + return clone.innerText; +} + +// Callback when a copy button is clicked. Will be passed the node that was clicked +// should then grab the text and replace pieces of text that shouldn't be used in output +export function formatCopyText(textContent, copybuttonPromptText, isRegexp = false, onlyCopyPromptLines = true, removePrompts = true, copyEmptyLines = true, lineContinuationChar = "", hereDocDelim = "") { + var regexp; + var match; + + // Do we check for line continuation characters and "HERE-documents"? + var useLineCont = !!lineContinuationChar + var useHereDoc = !!hereDocDelim + + // create regexp to capture prompt and remaining line + if (isRegexp) { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + copybuttonPromptText + ')(.*)') + } else { + regexp = new RegExp('^(' + escapeRegExp(copybuttonPromptText) + ')(.*)') + } + + const outputLines = []; + var promptFound = false; + var gotLineCont = false; + var gotHereDoc = false; + const lineGotPrompt = []; + for (const line of textContent.split('\n')) { + match = line.match(regexp) + if (match || gotLineCont || gotHereDoc) { + promptFound = regexp.test(line) + lineGotPrompt.push(promptFound) + if (removePrompts && promptFound) { + outputLines.push(match[2]) + } else { + outputLines.push(line) + } + gotLineCont = line.endsWith(lineContinuationChar) & useLineCont + if (line.includes(hereDocDelim) & useHereDoc) + gotHereDoc = !gotHereDoc + } else if (!onlyCopyPromptLines) { + outputLines.push(line) + } else if (copyEmptyLines && line.trim() === '') { + outputLines.push(line) + } + } + + // If no lines with the prompt were found then just use original lines + if (lineGotPrompt.some(v => v === true)) { + textContent = outputLines.join('\n'); + } + + // Remove a trailing newline to avoid auto-running when pasting + if (textContent.endsWith("\n")) { + textContent = textContent.slice(0, -1) + } + return textContent +} diff --git a/_static/css/badge_only.css b/_static/css/badge_only.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c718cee --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/css/badge_only.css @@ -0,0 +1 @@ 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font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */ +.highlight .sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */ +.highlight .si { color: #A45A77; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */ +.highlight .sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */ +.highlight .sr { color: #A45A77 } /* Literal.String.Regex */ +.highlight .s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */ +.highlight .ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */ +.highlight .bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */ +.highlight .fm { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function.Magic */ +.highlight .vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */ +.highlight .vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */ +.highlight .vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */ +.highlight .vm { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Magic */ +.highlight .il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/searchtools.js b/_static/searchtools.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7918c3f --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/searchtools.js @@ -0,0 +1,574 @@ +/* + * searchtools.js + * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + * + * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for the full-text search. + * + * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS. + * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details. + * + */ +"use strict"; + +/** + * Simple result scoring code. + */ +if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") { + var Scorer = { + // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result + // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + // and returns the new score. + /* + score: result => { + const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result + return score + }, + */ + + // query matches the full name of an object + objNameMatch: 11, + // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name + objPartialMatch: 6, + // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object + objPrio: { + 0: 15, // used to be importantResults + 1: 5, // used to be objectResults + 2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults + }, + // Used when the priority is not in the mapping. + objPrioDefault: 0, + + // query found in title + title: 15, + partialTitle: 7, + // query found in terms + term: 5, + partialTerm: 2, + }; +} + +const _removeChildren = (element) => { + while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild); +}; + +/** + * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping + */ +const _escapeRegExp = (string) => + string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string + +const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => { + const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER; + const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX; + const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX; + const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY; + const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root; + + const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item; + + let listItem = document.createElement("li"); + let requestUrl; + let linkUrl; + if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") { + // dirhtml builder + let dirname = docName + "/"; + if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/)) + dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6); + else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = ""; + requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname; + linkUrl = requestUrl; + } else { + // normal html builders + requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix; + linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix; + } + let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a")); + linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor; + linkEl.dataset.score = score; + linkEl.innerHTML = title; + if (descr) { + listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML = + " (" + descr + ")"; + // highlight search terms in the description + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + } + else if (showSearchSummary) + fetch(requestUrl) + .then((responseData) => responseData.text()) + .then((data) => { + if (data) + listItem.appendChild( + Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms) + ); + // highlight search terms in the summary + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) // set in sphinx_highlight.js + highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted")); + }); + Search.output.appendChild(listItem); +}; +const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => { + Search.stopPulse(); + Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results"); + if (!resultCount) + Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext( + "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories." + ); + else + Search.status.innerText = _( + `Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query.` + ); +}; +const _displayNextItem = ( + results, + resultCount, + searchTerms, + highlightTerms, +) => { + // results left, load the summary and display it + // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount) + if (results.length) { + _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms); + setTimeout( + () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms), + 5 + ); + } + // search finished, update title and status message + else _finishSearch(resultCount); +}; + +/** + * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a + * custom function per language. + * + * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters + * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters. + * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area. + */ +if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") { + var splitQuery = (query) => query + .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu) + .filter(term => term) // remove remaining empty strings +} + +/** + * Search Module + */ +const Search = { + _index: null, + _queued_query: null, + _pulse_status: -1, + + htmlToText: (htmlString) => { + const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html'); + htmlElement.querySelectorAll(".headerlink").forEach((el) => { el.remove() }); + const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]'); + if (docContent !== undefined) return docContent.textContent; + console.warn( + "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via '[role=main]'. Could you check your theme or template." + ); + return ""; + }, + + init: () => { + const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q"); + document + .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]') + .forEach((el) => (el.value = query)); + if (query) Search.performSearch(query); + }, + + loadIndex: (url) => + (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url), + + setIndex: (index) => { + Search._index = index; + if (Search._queued_query !== null) { + const query = Search._queued_query; + Search._queued_query = null; + Search.query(query); + } + }, + + hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null, + + deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query), + + stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1), + + startPulse: () => { + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return; + + const pulse = () => { + Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4; + Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status); + if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500); + }; + pulse(); + }, + + /** + * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded) + */ + performSearch: (query) => { + // create the required interface elements + const searchText = document.createElement("h2"); + searchText.textContent = _("Searching"); + const searchSummary = document.createElement("p"); + searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary"); + searchSummary.innerText = ""; + const searchList = document.createElement("ul"); + searchList.classList.add("search"); + + const out = document.getElementById("search-results"); + Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText); + Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span")); + Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary); + Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList); + + const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress"); + // Some themes don't use the search progress node + if (searchProgress) { + searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search..."); + } + Search.startPulse(); + + // index already loaded, the browser was quick! + if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query); + else Search.deferQuery(query); + }, + + /** + * execute search (requires search index to be loaded) + */ + query: (query) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles; + const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries; + + // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list + const stemmer = new Stemmer(); + const searchTerms = new Set(); + const excludedTerms = new Set(); + const highlightTerms = new Set(); + const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim())); + splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => { + const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase(); + + // maybe skip this "word" + // stopwords array is from language_data.js + if ( + stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 || + queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/) + ) + return; + + // stem the word + let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower); + // select the correct list + if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1)); + else { + searchTerms.add(word); + highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower); + } + }); + + if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) { // set in sphinx_highlight.js + localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" ")) + } + + // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:"); + // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]); + // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]); + + // array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] + let results = []; + _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress")); + + const queryLower = query.toLowerCase(); + for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) { + if (title.toLowerCase().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title, + id !== null ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // search for explicit entries in index directives + for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) { + if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) { + for (const [file, id] of foundEntries) { + let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length) + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + id ? "#" + id : "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + } + } + + // lookup as object + objectTerms.forEach((term) => + results.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms)) + ); + + // lookup as search terms in fulltext + results.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms)); + + // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function + if (Scorer.score) results.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item))); + + // now sort the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the + // display function below uses pop() to retrieve items) and then + // alphabetically + results.sort((a, b) => { + const leftScore = a[4]; + const rightScore = b[4]; + if (leftScore === rightScore) { + // same score: sort alphabetically + const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase(); + const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase(); + if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0; + return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional + } + return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1; + }); + + // remove duplicate search results + // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept + let seen = new Set(); + results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => { + let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(','); + if (!seen.has(resultStr)) { + acc.push(result); + seen.add(resultStr); + } + return acc; + }, []); + + results = results.reverse(); + + // for debugging + //Search.lastresults = results.slice(); // a copy + // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults); + + // print the results + _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms); + }, + + /** + * search for object names + */ + performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => { + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const objects = Search._index.objects; + const objNames = Search._index.objnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const results = []; + + const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => { + const name = match[4] + const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name; + const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase(); + if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return; + + let score = 0; + const parts = fullnameLower.split("."); + + // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or + // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part) + if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object) + score += Scorer.objNameMatch; + else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1) + score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name + + const objName = objNames[match[1]][2]; + const title = titles[match[0]]; + + // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be + // found in the name/title/description + const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms); + otherTerms.delete(object); + if (otherTerms.size > 0) { + const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase(); + if ( + [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0) + ) + return; + } + + let anchor = match[3]; + if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname; + else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname; + + const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title; + + // add custom score for some objects according to scorer + if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2])) + score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]]; + else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault; + + results.push([ + docNames[match[0]], + fullname, + "#" + anchor, + descr, + score, + filenames[match[0]], + ]); + }; + Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) => + objects[prefix].forEach((array) => + objectSearchCallback(prefix, array) + ) + ); + return results; + }, + + /** + * search for full-text terms in the index + */ + performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => { + // prepare search + const terms = Search._index.terms; + const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms; + const filenames = Search._index.filenames; + const docNames = Search._index.docnames; + const titles = Search._index.titles; + + const scoreMap = new Map(); + const fileMap = new Map(); + + // perform the search on the required terms + searchTerms.forEach((word) => { + const files = []; + const arr = [ + { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term }, + { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title }, + ]; + // add support for partial matches + if (word.length > 2) { + const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word); + Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !terms[word]) + arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm }); + }); + Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => { + if (term.match(escapedWord) && !titleTerms[word]) + arr.push({ files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.partialTitle }); + }); + } + + // no match but word was a required one + if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return; + + // found search word in contents + arr.forEach((record) => { + if (record.files === undefined) return; + + let recordFiles = record.files; + if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles]; + files.push(...recordFiles); + + // set score for the word in each file + recordFiles.forEach((file) => { + if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {}); + scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score; + }); + }); + + // create the mapping + files.forEach((file) => { + if (fileMap.has(file) && fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) + fileMap.get(file).push(word); + else fileMap.set(file, [word]); + }); + }); + + // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms + const results = []; + for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) { + // check if all requirements are matched + + // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded + const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter( + (term) => term.length > 2 + ).length; + if ( + wordList.length !== searchTerms.size && + wordList.length !== filteredTermCount + ) + continue; + + // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result + if ( + [...excludedTerms].some( + (term) => + terms[term] === file || + titleTerms[term] === file || + (terms[term] || []).includes(file) || + (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file) + ) + ) + break; + + // select one (max) score for the file. + const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w])); + // add result to the result list + results.push([ + docNames[file], + titles[file], + "", + null, + score, + filenames[file], + ]); + } + return results; + }, + + /** + * helper function to return a node containing the + * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list + * of stemmed words. + */ + makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords) => { + const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText); + if (text === "") return null; + + const textLower = text.toLowerCase(); + const actualStartPosition = [...keywords] + .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase())) + .filter((i) => i > -1) + .slice(-1)[0]; + const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0); + + const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "..."; + const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : ""; + + let summary = document.createElement("p"); + summary.classList.add("context"); + summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail; + + return summary; + }, +}; + +_ready(Search.init); diff --git a/_static/sphinx_highlight.js b/_static/sphinx_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a96c69 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/sphinx_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */ +"use strict"; + +const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true + +/** + * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in + * span elements with the given class name. + */ +const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => { + if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { + const val = node.nodeValue; + const parent = node.parentNode; + const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text); + if ( + pos >= 0 && + !parent.classList.contains(className) && + !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight") + ) { + let span; + + const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject"); + const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg"); + if (isInSVG) { + span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan"); + } else { + span = document.createElement("span"); + span.classList.add(className); + } + + span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length))); + const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length)); + parent.insertBefore( + span, + parent.insertBefore( + rest, + node.nextSibling + ) + ); + node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos); + /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this + * function recursively on the remaining fragment. + */ + _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className); + + if (isInSVG) { + const rect = document.createElementNS( + "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", + "rect" + ); + const bbox = parent.getBBox(); + rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x; + rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y; + rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width; + rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height; + rect.setAttribute("class", className); + addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect }); + } + } + } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) { + node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className)); + } +}; +const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => { + let addItems = []; + _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className); + addItems.forEach((obj) => + obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target) + ); +}; + +/** + * Small JavaScript module for the documentation. + */ +const SphinxHighlight = { + + /** + * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text + */ + highlightSearchWords: () => { + if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return; // bail if no highlight + + // get and clear terms from localstorage + const url = new URL(window.location); + const highlight = + localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + || url.searchParams.get("highlight") + || ""; + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + url.searchParams.delete("highlight"); + window.history.replaceState({}, "", url); + + // get individual terms from highlight string + const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x); + if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do + + // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body" + const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body"); + const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body"); + window.setTimeout(() => { + terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted")); + }, 10); + + const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox"); + if (searchBox === null) return; + searchBox.appendChild( + document + .createRange() + .createContextualFragment( + '

' + + '' + + _("Hide Search Matches") + + "

" + ) + ); + }, + + /** + * helper function to hide the search marks again + */ + hideSearchWords: () => { + document + .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link") + .forEach((el) => el.remove()); + document + .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted") + .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted")); + localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms") + }, + + initEscapeListener: () => { + // only install a listener if it is really needed + if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return; + + document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => { + // bail for input elements + if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return; + // bail with special keys + if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return; + if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) { + SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords(); + event.preventDefault(); + } + }); + }, +}; + +_ready(() => { + /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page. + * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query. + */ + if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords(); + SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener(); +}); diff --git a/debian-vm.html b/debian-vm.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7609f7f --- /dev/null +++ b/debian-vm.html @@ -0,0 +1,251 @@ + + + + + + + Create a Debian VM — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Create a Debian VM

+

This guide walks you through creating a new VM using libvirt and installing Debian on it. This is +the VM that you will later use as a PXE server to boot the Kubernetes nodes.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

+ +
+
+

Procedure

+

Follow the steps below to create a new VM and install Debian on it.

+
    +

  1. Change to root user:

    +
    user:~$ sudo su -
+root:~#
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Navigate to the project’s root directory:

    +
    root:~# cd /home/user/virtlml
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    Replace /home/user/virtlml with the path to the project’s root directory.

    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Create a new QCOW2 virtual disk for the VM:

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/pxe-server.qcow2 32G
+Formatting '/var/lib/libvirt/images/pxe-server.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=34359738368 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+
    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Define a new VM, using the XML file inside the infra directory:

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh define --file infra/pxe-server.xml
+Domain 'pxe-server' defined from pxe-server.xml
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    The pxe-server.xml file is a template for the PXE server VM. You can modify it to fit your +needs. Pay close attention to the sections where you specify the path to the QCOW2 file and +the Debian 12.4 ISO.

    +
    +
    5. +

  5. Start the PXE server VM:

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh start pxe-server
+Domain 'pxe-server' started
+
    +
    +
    6. +

  6. Connect to the PXE server VM through the “Virtual Machine Manager” UI and run the Debian +installer. The Debian installer will guide you through the installation process. You can use the +default settings for most of the options.

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# virt-manager
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    We recommend doing a minimal installation of Debian, without any graphical interface.

    +
    +
    7. +
+
+
+

Verify

+
    +

  1. Verify that the VM is running:

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh list --all
+Id   Name         State
+-----------------------------
+1    pxe-server   running
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Change back to your user:

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# exit
+user:~/virtlml$
+
    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Create an SSH key, if you don’t already have one:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ ssh-keygen
+
    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Copy the SSH public key to the PXE server VM:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ ssh-copy-id user@pxe-server
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    Replace user with your username. Also, replace pxe-server with the IP address of the VM. +Alternatively, you can add an entry to your /etc/hosts file with the IP address and hostname +of the VM.

    +
    +
    5. +

  5. Verify that you can SSH into the PXE server VM:

    +
    user:~/virtlml/infra$ ssh user@pxe-server
+The authenticity of host '192.168.122.89 (192.168.122.89)' can't be established.
+ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:dNnHdISPbUDbtJWqSLDpEdGEO3tGEIQ1TiSrfPxyRHg.
+This key is not known by any other names.
+Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
+Warning: Permanently added '192.168.122.89' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
+dimpo@192.168.122.89's password: 
+Linux pxe-server 6.1.0-17-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.69-1 (2023-12-30) x86_64
+
+The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
+the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
+individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
+
+Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
+permitted by applicable law.
+Last login: Wed Feb  7 18:10:32 2024
+user@pxe-server:~$
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    Replace user with your username and pxe-server with the IP address of the PXE server VM.

    +
    +
    6. +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/genindex.html b/genindex.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b9897e --- /dev/null +++ b/genindex.html @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ + + + + + + Index — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+
    +
    • +
  • Index
    • +
  • +
    • +
+
+
+
+
+ + +

Index

+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+
+ +
+ +
+

© Copyright 2024, Dimitris Poulopoulos.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/gpu-passthrough.html b/gpu-passthrough.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d429876 --- /dev/null +++ b/gpu-passthrough.html @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ + + + + + + + GPU Passthrough using VFIO — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

GPU Passthrough using VFIO

+

This guide walks you througη the process of passing a GPU through to a Virtual Machine (VM), an +essential step for setting up a VM to function as a Kubernetes GPU worker.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

Το complete this guide, you will need the following:

+ +
+
+

Step 1: Set your Primary Display for the Host

+

This step is essential for switching the primary display to the integrated GPU, thereby leaving the +dedicated GPU available for use by the VM.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

To complete this step, you will need:

+
    +

  • Access to the BIOS settings of the host machine.

    • +
+
+
+

Procedure

+

Follow the steps below to set the primary display for the host machine. The steps configure the X +server to use the integrated GPU and set the primary display in the BIOS settings.

+ +
    +

  1. Get the BusID of the integrated GPU by running the following command:

    +
     user:~/virtml$ lspci | grep VGA
+ 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Raptor Lake-S GT1 [UHD Graphics 770] (rev 04)
+ 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 [GeForce RTX 3060 Lite Hash Rate] (rev a1)
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    In this example, the BusID of the integrated GPU is PCI:0:2:0.

    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Export the BusID in an environment variable:

    +
    user:~/virtml$ export PCI_BUS_ID="PCI:0:2:0"
+
    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Create the configuration file for the X server, using the provided template:

    +
    user:~/virtml$ j2 infra/intel.conf.j2 > intel.conf
+
    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Copy the configuration file to the X server configuration directory:

    +
    user:~/virtml$ sudo cp intel.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
+
    +
    +
    5. +

  5. Change the ownership and the group of the configuration file to root:

    +
    user:~/virtml$ sudo chown root:root /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf
+
    +
    +
    6. +

  6. Boot to UEFI/BIOS settings, and set the primary display to the integrated GPU. Look under +“Advanced” settings, for an option like “Primary Display”. Set it to “Auto” and connect the +monitor directly to the motherboard. Alternativelly, set it to “CPU” or “iGPU” if available.

    +
    user:~/virtml$ sudo systemctl reboot --firmware-setup
+
    +
    +
    7. +
+
+
+
+

Step 2: Enable GPU Passthrough

+

In this section, you will bind the GPU to the VFIO driver and prevent the Linux Kernel from loading +the NVIDIA driver during boot.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

To complete this step, you will need:

+
    +

  • A dedicated GPU that is not being used by the host.

    • +
+
+
+

Procedure

+

Follow the steps below to bind the GPU to the VFIO driver and prevent the Linux Kernel from loading +the NVIDIA driver during boot.

+
    +

  1. Change to root user:

    +
    user:~/virtml$ sudo su -
+root:~#
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Get the PCIe ID of the GPU:

    +
    root:~# lspci -nn | grep -i nvidia
+01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 [GeForce RTX 3060 Lite Hash Rate] [10de:2504] (rev a1)
+01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:228e] (rev a1)
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    The PCIe ID of the VGA controller is 10de:2504 and the Audio device is 10de:228e. Take a +note of these IDs. You will need them later.

    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Change the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT variable in the /etc/default/grub file to include the +following options:

    +
      +

    • intel_iommu=on: Enable IOMMU for the integrated GPU.

      • +

    • iommu=pt: Enable IOMMU passthrough.

      • +
    +
    root:~# sed -i 's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="\(.*\)"/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="\1 intel_iommu=on iommu=pt"/' /etc/default/grub
+
    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Update the GRUB configuration:

    +
    root:~# update-grub
+
    +
    +
    5. +

  5. Create a configuration file to bind the GPU to the VFIO driver:

    +

    a. Run the following command:

    +
    root:~# cat > /etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf
+
    +
    +

    b. Copy and paste the following text:

    +
    options vfio-pci ids=10de:2504,10de:228e
+softdep nvidia pre: vfio-pci
+
    +
    +
    +

    Important

    +

    Replace 10de:2504,10de:228e with the PCIe IDs of your GPU.

    +
    +

    c. Run CTRL + D to exit.

    +
    6. +

  6. Update the initial ramdisk:

    +
    root:~# update-initramfs -c -k $(uname -r)
+
    +
    +
    7. +

  7. Reboot the system:

    +
    root:~# reboot
+
    +
    +
    8. +
+
+
+

Verify

+

Verify that the GPU is bound to the VFIO driver:

+
    +

  1. Check if the GPU is bound to the VFIO driver:

    +
    root:~# lspci -k | grep -E "vfio-pci|NVIDIA"
+01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 [GeForce RTX 3060 Lite Hash Rate] (rev a1)
+    Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci
+01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GA106 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
+    Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci
+
    +
    +
    2. +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b08c7f --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ + + + + + + + VirtML — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + VirtML Logo


+License: Apache 2.0 +Debian: Bookworm +Kubeflow: v1.8 +Kubernetes: v1.29.3 +


+

VirtML is a project dedicated to simplifying the process of setting up Kubeflow +in a virtualized environment, making it easier for data scientists to leverage the power of Machine +Learning (ML) workflows on Kubernetes.

+

Follow the guides below to get started with VirtML! You have two options:

+

👨‍🔬 Manual Deployment: Follow the step-by-step guides to set up a virtualized environment for +Kubeflow using a manual approach, setting everything by hand. This is a great way to learn the ins +and outs of the process.

+

🤖 Automated Deployment: Use Ansible playbooks to automate the deployment of a virtualized +environment for Kubeflow. This is a great way to quickly get started with VirtML.

+

In any case, you should follow complete the core guides first, as they lay the foundation for either +approach.

+
+

Note

+

This project is tested on Debian 12 (Bookworm). It should work on other Debian-based +distributions but it will require some modifications. We also plan to support Rocky Linux in the +future.

+
+

🚧 🚧 🚧 This is Work-in-Progress 🚧 🚧 🚧

+
+

Core Guides

+ +
+
+

Deployment Guides

+ +
+
+

Contact

+ +

We warmly welcome your feedback and look forward to hearing from you!

+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manual-deployment/debian-preseed.html b/manual-deployment/debian-preseed.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b001c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/manual-deployment/debian-preseed.html @@ -0,0 +1,364 @@ + + + + + + + Deploy Debian on KVM — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Deploy Debian on KVM

+

This guide walks you through booting a VM from the network and installing Debian 12 (Bookworm), +using a PXE server. Moreover, you will learn how to use a preseed +file to automate the installation of Debian 12 on any VM.

+
+

Step 1: Define the Worker VM

+

In this section, you define a new VM. We will use this as a use case. Then, you can deploy any VM +you want to create a Kubernetes cluster (e.g., a control plane, another worker, etc.) using exactly +the same process.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

+ +
+
+

Procedure

+

Follow the steps below to define a new VM:

+
    +

  1. Change to root user:

    +
    user:~$ sudo su -
+root:~#
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Navigate to the project’s root directory:

    +
    root:~# cd /home/user/virtlml
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    Replace /home/user/virtlml with the path to your project’s root directory.

    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Create a new QCOW2 virtual disk for the VM:

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/worker.qcow2 96G
+Formatting '/var/lib/libvirt/images/worker.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib size=103079215104 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+
    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Define a new VM, using the XML file inside the infra directory:

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh define --file infra/worker.xml
+Domain 'worker' defined from worker.xml
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    The worker.xml file is a template for the VM. You can modify it to fit your needs. Pay close +attention to the sections where you specify the path to the QCOW2 file.

    +
    +
    5. +
+
+
+

Verify

+

Verify that the VM has been defined correctly and is in the shut off state:

+
    +

  1. List the VMs you have defined:

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# virsh list --all
+Id   Name         State
+-----------------------------
+1    pxe-server   running
+-    worker       shut off
+
    +
    +
    2. +
+
+
+
+

Step 2: Configure the PXE Server

+

In this section, you configure your PXE Server to repond to request from this specific VM. To +achieve this, you use the MAC address of your newly created machine.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

+
    +

  • A defined worker VM.

    • +
+
+
+

Procedure

+
    +

  1. Change back to your user:

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# exit
+user:~$
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Navigate to your project’s directory:

    +
    user:~$ cd virtlml
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    Replace virtlml with the path to your project’s root directory.

    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Decide on login credentials for the root user of new worker VM:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ export ROOTPW_HASH=$(openssl passwd -6)
+
    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Export your public SSH key:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ export SSH_KEY=$(cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub)
+
    +
    +
    5. +

  5. Render the preseed file:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ j2 infra/preseed.cfg.j2 > preseed.cfg
+
    +
    +
    6. +

  6. Copy the preseed file onto the PXE Server:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ scp preseed.cfg root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp/preseed.cfg
+
    +
    +
    7. +

  7. Decide on the IP address and the hostname of the worker VM:

    +

    a. Set the VM’s IP address:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ export CLIENT_IP=192.168.1.16
+
    +
    +

    b. Set the VM’s MAC address:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ export CLIENT_MAC=$(virsh dumpxml worker | grep "<mac address=" | awk -F"'" '{print $2}')
+
    +
    +

    c. Set the VM’s hostname:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ export CLIENT_HOSTNAME=worker
+
    +
    +
    8. +

  8. Render the dnsmasq configuration:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ j2 infra/dnsmasq.conf.j2 > dnsmasq.conf-01-${CLIENT_MAC//:/-}
+
    +
    +
    9. +

  9. Copy the configuration file onto the PXE Server:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ scp dnsmasq.conf-01-<CLIENT_MAC> root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d/dnsmasq.conf-<CLIENT_MAC>
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    The <CLIENT_MAC> suffix is the MAC address of the worker VM.

    +
    +
    10. +

  10. SSH into the PXE server VM:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ ssh user@pxe-server
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    Replace user with your username. Also, replace pxe-server with the IP address of the VM. +Alternatively, you can add an entry to your /etc/hosts file with the IP address and hostname +of the VM.

    +
    +
    11. +

  11. Change to root user:

    +
    user@pxe-server:~$ sudo su -
+root@pxe-server:~#
+
    +
    +
    12. +

  12. Restart the dnsmasq service:

    +
    root@pxe-server:~# systemctl restart dnsmasq
+
    +
    +
    13. +

  13. Log out the PXE Server:

    +
    root@pxe-server:~# exit
+
    +
    +
    14. +
+
+
+
+

Step 3: Start the worker VM

+

In this final section, you start the worker VM and watch as it boots from the network and installs +Debian automatically.

+
+

What you’ll need

+
    +

  • A defined worker VM.

    • +

  • A configured PXE Server, ready to respond to DHCP discover requests from a spcific MAC address.

    • +
+
+
+

Procedure

+
    +

  1. Change to root user:

    +
    user:~$ sudo su -
+root:~#
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Start the worker VM:

    +
    root:~# virsh start worker
+Domain 'worker' started
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
+
+

Verify

+
    +

  1. Connect to the worker VM through the “Virtual Machine Manager” UI and watch as the Debian +installer automatically installs the OS, without any human intervention.

    +
    root:/home/user/virtlml# virt-manager
+
    +
    +
    2. +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manual-deployment/index.html b/manual-deployment/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b47f749 --- /dev/null +++ b/manual-deployment/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ + + + + + + + Manual Deployment — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Manual Deployment

+

This section walks you through the manual deployment of a Debian system using a PXE server and a +preseed file. This is a great way to learn the ins and outs of the process.

+

By following the steps in this section, you will learn to configure a Debian VM to act as a PXE +server, and use it to deploy a Debian system on a target machine. You will also learn how to +automate the Debian installation process using a preseed file.

+License: Apache 2.0 +Debian: Bookworm +
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manual-deployment/kubeflow.html b/manual-deployment/kubeflow.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b886d92 --- /dev/null +++ b/manual-deployment/kubeflow.html @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ + + + + + + + Deploy Kubeflow — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Deploy Kubeflow

+

In this section, you will learn how to deploy Kubeflow on your +Kubernetes cluster. Kubeflow is an open-source machine learning (ML) toolkit for Kubernetes. It is +designed to simplify the process of training, serving, and deploying ML models at scale.

+

Having a local instance of Kubeflow is useful for development and testing purposes. It allows you to +experiment with different ML models and workflows without incurring the costs of cloud resources. It +is an invaluable step for learning MLOps practices and understanding how Kubernetes works by +examing a real-world use case.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

+
    +

  • A running Kubernetes cluster. You can use the Kubernetes cluster you created in the +previous section.

    • +

  • Kustomize installed on your local machine. You can install it by following the instructions in the +official documentation.

    • +
+
+
+

Procedure

+

Follow the steps below to deploy Kubeflow on your Kubernetes cluster:

+
    +

  1. Clone the Kubeflow manifests repository:

    +
    user:~$ git clone https://github.com/kubeflow/manifests.git
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Change to the manifests directory:

    +
    user:~$ cd manifests
+
    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Checkout a specific version of the Kubeflow manifests repository:

    +
    user:~/manifests$ git checkout tags/v1.8.0
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    This documentation uses version 1.8.0 of the Kubeflow manifests. You can replace v1.8.0 with +the version you want to use.

    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Deploy Kubeflow using the Kustomize:

    +
    user:~/manifests$ while ! kustomize build example | kubectl apply -f -; do echo "Retrying to apply resources"; sleep 10; done
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    The while loop retries the kubectl apply command until it succeeds. The whole process can +take up to 10 minutes.

    +
    +
    5. +
+
+
+

Verify

+

Verify that Kubeflow is running.

+
    +

  1. Check the status of the pods in the kubeflow namespace:

    +
    user:~$ kubectl get pods -n kubeflow
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    The output should show a list of pods running in the kubeflow namespace.

    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Port-forward the Istio Ingress Gateway service to access the Kubeflow dashboard:

    +
    user:~$ kubectl port-forward svc/istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system 8080:80
+
    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Open a web browser and navigate to http://localhost:8080. You should see the Kubeflow +dashboard.

    +
    +

    Note

    +

    The default username is user@example.com and the default password is 12341234.

    +
    +
    4. +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manual-deployment/kubernetes.html b/manual-deployment/kubernetes.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58c9b90 --- /dev/null +++ b/manual-deployment/kubernetes.html @@ -0,0 +1,217 @@ + + + + + + + Deploy Kubernetes — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Deploy Kubernetes

+

In this section, you will learn how to deploy a Kubernetes cluster using kubespray. +Now that you have a few VMs running, you can use them as targets for the Kubernetes cluster.

+

Kubespray is a set of Ansible playbooks that you can use to deploy a Kubernetes cluster. It is +designed to be used in a variety of environments, including bare metal, virtual machines, and cloud +providers. In this case, you will use it to deploy a Kubernetes cluster on VMs running on your local +machine.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

+
    +

  • A set of running VMs. You can use the VMs you created in the previous sections.

    • +
+
+
+

Procedure

+

Follow the steps below to deploy a Kubernetes cluster:

+
    +

  1. Clone the kubespray repository:

    +
    user:~$ git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray.git
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Change to the kubespray directory:

    +
    user:~$ cd kubespray
+
    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Copy the inventory/sample file as inventory/mycluster:

    +
    user:~/kubespray$ cp -rfp inventory/sample inventory/mycluster
+
    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Update the Ansible inventory file using the inventory builder script:

    +
    user:~/kubespray$ declare -a IPS=(10.10.1.3 10.10.1.4 10.10.1.5 10.10.1.6)
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    Replace the IP addresses with the ones of your VMs.

    +
    +
    user:~/kubespray$ CONFIG_FILE=inventory/mycluster/hosts.yaml python3 contrib/inventory_builder/inventory.py ${IPS[@]}
+
    +
    +
    5. +

  5. Review and change parameters under inventory/mycluster/group_vars:

    +
    user:~/kubespray$ cat inventory/mycluster/group_vars/all/all.yml
+
    +
    +
    user:~/kubespray$ cat inventory/mycluster/group_vars/k8s_cluster/k8s-cluster.yml
+
    +
    +
    6. +

  6. Deploy Kubespray with Ansible Playbook:

    +
    user:~/kubespray$ ansible-playbook -i inventory/mycluster/hosts.yaml --user=root cluster.yml
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    This command will deploy a Kubernetes cluster on the VMs you specified in the inventory file.

    +
    +
    7. +
+
+
+

Verify

+

Follow the steps below to verify the Kubernetes deployment:

+
    +

  1. Verify that the Kubernetes cluster is up and running:

    +
    user:~/kubespray$ kubectl get nodes
+NAME       STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
+node1      Ready    control-plane   1m    v1.29.3
+node2      Ready    control-plane   1m    v1.29.3
+node3      Ready    <none>          1m    v1.29.3
+node4      Ready    <none>          1m    v1.29.3
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    The output should show the nodes in the cluster and their status. What you care about is that all +nodes are Ready.

    +
    +
    2. +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manual-deployment/longhorn.html b/manual-deployment/longhorn.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1799ea1 --- /dev/null +++ b/manual-deployment/longhorn.html @@ -0,0 +1,224 @@ + + + + + + + Deploy Longhorn — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Deploy Longhorn

+

This guide walks you through deploying Longhorn on a Kubernetes cluster. Longhorn is a distributed +block storage system for Kubernetes that is built using containers. It provides features such as +snapshots, backups, and volume expansion.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

To complete this guide, you’ll need the following:

+ +
+
+

Procedure

+

To deploy Longhorn on a Kubernetes cluster, run the following command:

+

Deploy the Longhorn kustomization:

+
user:~/virtlml$ kubectl apply -k manifests/longhorn/overlays/kubeflow
+
+
+
+

Note

+

This command will deploy Longhorn on the Kubernetes cluster. It may take a few minutes for the +deployment to complete.

+
+
+
+

Verify

+

To verify that Longhorn is running, run the following commands:

+
    +

  1. Check that the Longhorn pods are running:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ kubectl get pods -n longhorn-system
+csi-attacher-5c4bfdcf59-76dpt                       1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-attacher-5c4bfdcf59-zc96c                       1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-attacher-5c4bfdcf59-zpcrd                       1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-provisioner-667796df57-l4bvn                    1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-provisioner-667796df57-tn5mt                    1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-provisioner-667796df57-wr9gz                    1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-resizer-694f8f5f64-krdwn                        1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-resizer-694f8f5f64-q7r64                        1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-resizer-694f8f5f64-st9vb                        1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-snapshotter-959b69d4b-2trb4                     1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-snapshotter-959b69d4b-44bdw                     1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+csi-snapshotter-959b69d4b-nmxxz                     1/1     Running   0          6m34s
+engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-2cpx5                      1/1     Running   0          6m40s
+engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-5kkpx                      1/1     Running   0          6m40s
+engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-6lw22                      1/1     Running   0          6m40s
+engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-7tj7g                      1/1     Running   0          6m40s
+engine-image-ei-5cefaf2b-bmbxl                      1/1     Running   0          6m40s
+instance-manager-143975653f867415efd89c7528bfdfd9   1/1     Running   0          6m39s
+instance-manager-931660a4d81395a5ee4a44842096109a   1/1     Running   0          6m40s
+instance-manager-d7ddfb2f3c3853b122fcc734777e3447   1/1     Running   0          6m39s
+instance-manager-e3d1d6988014e64b4f12d6d513f72715   1/1     Running   0          6m40s
+instance-manager-e58918fd8369607e8bff43f3856618be   1/1     Running   0          6m39s
+longhorn-csi-plugin-8twkq                           3/3     Running   0          6m34s
+longhorn-csi-plugin-cq6pw                           3/3     Running   0          6m34s
+longhorn-csi-plugin-fvf6p                           3/3     Running   0          6m34s
+longhorn-csi-plugin-rwgg9                           3/3     Running   0          6m34s
+longhorn-csi-plugin-xzrlt                           3/3     Running   0          6m34s
+longhorn-driver-deployer-7449f56699-h52tj           1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-iscsi-installation-2jgww                   1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-iscsi-installation-6p9f8                   1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-iscsi-installation-r8bbc                   1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-iscsi-installation-v9pz2                   1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-iscsi-installation-vwphj                   1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-manager-4k2hl                              1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-manager-4zvhw                              1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-manager-7p99c                              1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-manager-96rnf                              1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-manager-rxfr6                              1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-nfs-installation-4h9qq                     1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-nfs-installation-7d847                     1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-nfs-installation-9krbq                     1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-nfs-installation-bt4x2                     1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-nfs-installation-pggtb                     1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-ui-6c8c4fcbb8-2p7ld                        1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+longhorn-ui-6c8c4fcbb8-fhrbh                        1/1     Running   0          6m47s
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    This command will list all the Longhorn pods in the longhorn-system namespace. After a couple of +minutes, all the pods should be in the Running state.

    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Launch the Longhorn UI:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ kubectl port-forward -n longhorn-system svc/longhorn-frontend 8080:80
+
    +
    +

    Open a web browser and navigate to http://localhost:8080. You should see the Longhorn UI:

    +

    Longhorn UI

    +
    3. +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/manual-deployment/pxe-server.html b/manual-deployment/pxe-server.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..96e0b84 --- /dev/null +++ b/manual-deployment/pxe-server.html @@ -0,0 +1,355 @@ + + + + + + + Configure a PXE server — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Configure a PXE server

+

This guide will walk you through configuring a PXE server to boot any machine that is connected to +the same network and install Debian 12.4 on it.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

To complete this guide, you will need the following:

+ +
+
+

Procedure

+

Follow the steps below to configure a PXE server:

+
    +

  1. SSH into the PXE server VM:

    +
    user:~/virtlml$ ssh user@pxe-server
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    Replace user with your username. Also, replace pxe-server with the IP address of the VM. +Alternatively, you can add an entry to your /etc/hosts file with the IP address and hostname +of the VM.

    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Change to root user:

    +
    user@pxe-server:~$ sudo su -
+root@pxe-server:~#
+
    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Install the required packages:

    +
    root@pxe-server:~# apt update && apt install -y dnsmasq python3-jinja2 tftp
+
    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Set up a useful alias to render templates:

    +
    root@pxe-server:~# alias j2r="python3 -c 'import os; import sys; import jinja2 as j2; print(j2.Environment(undefined=j2.StrictUndefined).from_string(sys.stdin.read()).render(os.environ))'"
+
    +
    +
    5. +

  5. Download the netboot.tar.gz file, which contains the network installer for Debian 12.4:

    +
    root@pxe-server:~# wget https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/Debian12.4/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
+
    +
    +
    6. +

  6. Create a tftp directory to store the files that will be served by the TFTP server, and navigate +into it:

    +
    root@pxe-server:~# mkdir -p /srv/tftp && cd /srv/tftp
+
    +
    +
    7. +

  7. Extract the netboot.tar.gz file:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# tar xzvf ~/netboot.tar.gz
+
    +
    +
    8. +

  8. Remove any unnecessary files:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# rm ldlinux.c32 pxelinux.0 pxelinux.cfg
+
    +
    +
    9. +

  9. Create a few extra symlinks for the bootnetx64.efi and grubx64.efi files:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# ln -s debian-installer/amd64/bootnetx64.efi .
+
    +
    +
    root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# ln -s debian-installer/amd64/grubx64.efi .
+
    +
    +
    10. +

  10. Navigate to the /etc/dnsmasq.d directory:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# cd /etc/dnsmasq.d
+
    +
    +
    11. +

  11. Export environment variables for your network settings. Replace the example values with values +specific to your network:

    +
      +

    • DHCP_NETWORK: The network address of the DHCP server.

      • +

    • DHCP_GATEWAY: The gateway address of the DHCP server.

      • +

    • DHCP_NETMASK: The netmaWsk of the DHCP server.

      • +

    • DHCP_DNS_SERVER: The DNS server address of the DHCP server.

      • +
    +
    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# export DHCP_NETWORK="192.168.1.0"
+
    +
    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# export DHCP_GATEWAY="192.168.1.1"
+
    +
    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# export DHCP_NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
+
    +
    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# export DHCP_DNS_SERVER="8.8.8.8"
+
    +
    +
    12. +

  12. Configure the dnsmasq service to disable DNS, and enable DHCP and TFTP:

    +

    a. Run the following command:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# j2r > virtlml.conf
+
    +
    +

    b. Copy and paste the following text:

    +
    # DNS: Disable
+port=0
+
+# DHCP: Enable (for specific addresses)
+dhcp-range={{ DHCP_NETWORK }},static
+dhcp-option=option:netmask,{{ DHCP_NETMASK }}
+dhcp-option=option:router,{{ DHCP_GATEWAY }}
+dhcp-option=option:dns-server,{{ DHCP_DNS_SERVER }}
+log-dhcp
+
+# TFTP: Enable
+enable-tftp
+tftp-root=/srv/tftp
+dhcp-boot=/bootnetx64.efi
+
    +
    +

    c. Run CTRL + D to exit.

    + +
    13. +

  13. Create a template for dnsmaq to respond to individual DHCP requests:

    +

    a. Run the following command:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# cat > .template.j2
+
    +
    +

    a. Copy and paste the following text:

    +
    dhcp-host={{ CLIENT_MAC }},{{ CLIENT_HOSTNAME }},{{ CLIENT_IP }}
+
    +
    +

    a. Run CTRL + D to exit.

    + +
    +

    Note

    +

    You will later set the {{ MAC_ADDRESS }} with the MAC address of the machine you want to boot, +and assign the hostname and IP address you want via the corresponding environment variables +(i.e., CLIENT_HOSTNAME, CLIENT_IP).

    +
    +
    14. +

  14. Restart the dnsmasq service:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# systemctl restart dnsmasq
+
    +
    +
    15. +

  15. Return to your local machine:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# exit
+user:~/virtlml$
+
    +
    +
    16. +

  16. Change the grub.cfg file to choose the “Automated Install” option by default, and pull the +preseed file from the network:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# EXPORT PXE_SERVER="192.168.122.16"
+
    +
    +
    +

    Note

    +

    Replace the PXE_SERVER IP value with your PXE server IP address.

    +
    +
    root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# j2 infra/grub.cfg.j2 > infra/grub.cfg
+
    +
    +
    root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp# scp infra/grub.cfg root@pxe-server:/srv/tftp/debian-installer/amd64/grub/grub.cfg
+
    +
    +
    17. +
+
+
+

Verify

+

Verify that the dnsmasq service is running and serving files over TFTP:

+
    +

  1. Ensure that the dnsmasq service is running:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# systemctl status dnsmasq.service
+● dnsmasq.service - dnsmasq - A lightweight DHCP and caching DNS server
+    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
+    Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-02-08 11:52:08 EET; 10min ago
+   Process: 469 ExecStartPre=/etc/init.d/dnsmasq checkconfig (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
+   Process: 484 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/dnsmasq systemd-exec (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
+   Process: 494 ExecStartPost=/etc/init.d/dnsmasq systemd-start-resolvconf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
+  Main PID: 493 (dnsmasq)
+     Tasks: 1 (limit: 2307)
+    Memory: 4.3M
+       CPU: 72ms
+    CGroup: /system.slice/dnsmasq.service
+            └─493 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -x /run/dnsmasq/dnsmasq.pid -u dnsmasq -7 /etc/dnsmasq.d,.dpkg-dist,.dpkg-old,.dpkg-new --local-service --trust-anchor=.,2032>
+
+Feb 08 11:52:07 pxe-server systemd[1]: Starting dnsmasq.service - dnsmasq - A lightweight DHCP and caching DNS server...
+Feb 08 11:52:07 pxe-server dnsmasq[493]: started, version 2.89 DNS disabled
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Confirm dnsmasq serves files over TFTP:

    +
    root@pxe-server:/etc/dnsmasq.d# tftp localhost -c get /version.info /dev/stdout
+Debian version:  12 (bookworm)
+Installer build: 20230607+deb12u4
+
    +
    +
    3. +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/objects.inv b/objects.inv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f752498 Binary files /dev/null and b/objects.inv differ diff --git a/qemu-kvm.html b/qemu-kvm.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d36475 --- /dev/null +++ b/qemu-kvm.html @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ + + + + + + + Install QEMU/KVM on Debian/Ubuntu — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ +
+

Install QEMU/KVM on Debian/Ubuntu

+

This guide walks you through installing QEMU/KVM on a Debian-based system. QEMU +is a generic and open source machine emulator and virtualizer, which allows for the emulation of +various hardware platforms.

+

KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a virtualization +module in the Linux kernel that allows the kernel to function as a hypervisor, enabling the running +of multiple, isolated virtual environments.

+
+

What you’ll need

+

Το complete this guide, you will need the following:

+
    +

  • A Debian-based system.

    • +
+
+

Note

+

This project is tested on Debian 12 (Bookworm). It should work on other Debian-based distributions +but it will require some modifications. We also plan to support Rocky Linux in the future.

+
+
+
+

Procedure

+

Follow the steps below to install QEMU/KVM on your Debian-based system. The steps check if your CPU +supports virtualization technology, install the required packages, and enable the libvirtd +virtualization daemon.

+
    +

  1. Change to root user:

    +
    user:~$ sudo su -
+root:~#
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Check if your CPU supports virtualization technology. If Virtualization is supported, the output +should be greater than 0:

    +
    root:~# egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
+56
+
    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Check if KVM virtualization is supported:

    +
    root:~# kvm-ok
+INFO: /dev/kvm exists
+KVM acceleration can be used
+
    +
    +
    +

    Warning

    +

    If the kvm-ok utility is missing, install the cpu-checker package:

    +
    root:~# apt update && apt install -y cpu-checker
+
    +
    +
    +
    4. +

  4. Install QEMU/KVM and other required packages:

    +
    root:~# apt update && \
+apt install -y qemu-kvm libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system \
+bridge-utils virtinst virt-manager
+
    +
    +

    This will install the following packages:

    +
      +

    • qemu-kvm: An open-source emulator that emulates the hardware resources of a computer.

      • +

    • libvirt-clients: APIs and client-side libraries for managing virtual machines from the +command line.

      • +

    • libvirt-daemon-system: Provides configuration files needed to run the virtualization +service.

      • +

    • bridge-utils: A set of command-line tools for managing bridge devices.

      • +

    • virtinst: A collection of command-line utilities for creating and making changes to +virtual machines.

      • +

    • virt-manager: A Qt-based GUI interface for creating and managing virtual machines using +the libvirt daemon.

      • +
    +
    +
    5. +

  5. Enable and start the libvirtd virtualization daemon:

    +
    root:~# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
+
    +
    +
    6. +

  6. Change back to your user account:

    +
    root:~# exit
+user:~$
+
    +
    +
    7. +

  7. Add your user account to the kvm and libvirt groups:

    +
    user:~$ sudo usermod -aG kvm,libvirt $USER
+
    +
    +
    8. +
+
+
+

Verify

+

Follow the steps below to verify that QEMU/KVM is correctly installed on your system, and launch the +Virtual Machine Manager desktop application:

+
    +

  1. Verify that the libvirtd service is running:

    +
    user:~$ sudo systemctl status libvirtd
+● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
+ Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
+ Active: active (running) since Thu 2024-02-08 08:07:20 EET; 7h ago
+...skipping...
+
    +
    +
    2. +

  2. Check that QEMU is correctly installed by querying its version:

    +
    user:~$ qemu-system-x86_64 --version
+QEMU emulator version 7.2.7 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-7+deb12u3)
+Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
+
    +
    +
    3. +

  3. Launch the virt-manager application:

    +
    user:~$ virt-manager
+
    +
    +
    4. +
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search.html b/search.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9053a74 --- /dev/null +++ b/search.html @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ + + + + + + Search — VirtML 0.0.1 documentation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ +
+
+
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    +
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    • +
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+
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+

© Copyright 2024, Dimitris Poulopoulos.

+
+ + Built with Sphinx using a + theme + provided by Read the Docs. + + +
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+
+ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/searchindex.js b/searchindex.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db1b7bf --- /dev/null +++ b/searchindex.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Search.setIndex({"docnames": ["debian-vm", "gpu-passthrough", "index", "manual-deployment/debian-preseed", "manual-deployment/index", "manual-deployment/kubeflow", "manual-deployment/kubernetes", "manual-deployment/longhorn", "manual-deployment/pxe-server", "qemu-kvm"], "filenames": ["debian-vm.md", "gpu-passthrough.md", "index.rst", "manual-deployment/debian-preseed.md", "manual-deployment/index.rst", "manual-deployment/kubeflow.md", "manual-deployment/kubernetes.md", "manual-deployment/longhorn.md", "manual-deployment/pxe-server.md", "qemu-kvm.md"], "titles": ["Create a Debian VM", "GPU Passthrough using VFIO", "VirtML", "Deploy Debian on KVM", "Manual Deployment", "Deploy Kubeflow", "Deploy Kubernetes", "Deploy Longhorn", "Configure a PXE server", "Install QEMU/KVM on Debian/Ubuntu"], "terms": {"thi": 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