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Running a simulation with standalone on-demand services (using the DRT module).

The functionalities for supporting DRT services in Eqasim are mainly implemented in the org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt package. MATSim config files that include a multiModeDrt config are natively supported by the RunSimulation scripts of the Eqasim pipeline. If you write your own run script, make sure you use the org.eqasim.core.EqasimConfigurator (either directly or by defining a subclass of it) and call the addOptionalConfigGroups and configureController methods. If your MATSim config files are not already configured to simulate DRT, two tools present in the org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt.utils package that help you do so are documented below.

Note: Keep in mind that just adding a multiModeDrt config will enable simulating DRT trips that already exist in your population file. Further configurations are needed to fully support DRT modes in the mode choice model. Refer to the parts about AdaptConfigForDrt and Mode choice integration of DRT for more details.

Quick usage

CreateDrtVehicles

The org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt.utils.AdaptConfigForDrt script allows to create a drt vehicles xml file with a certain number of vehicles distributed randomly through the network. This tool accepts the following command line arguments:

  • network-path: (required) the path to the network file on which the vehicles should be generated.
  • output-vehicles-path (required) the path to the resulting vehicles file.
  • vehicles-number: (required) the number of vehicles to generate.
  • vehicles-capacity: (optional) the capacity (number of seats) of the generated vehicles. Default value is 4.
  • service-begin-time: (optional) the start time (in seconds) of the vehicles availability for the operator. Default value is 0.
  • service-end-time: (optional) the end time (in seconds) of the vehicles availability for the operator. Default value is 24 * 3600.
  • vehicle-id-prefix: (optional) the prefix to put at the beginning of the vehicles' IDs. The whole ID will be constructed by appending to vehicles' number (in the generation sequence) to this prefix. default prefix value is vehicle_drt_
  • random-seed: (optional) the seed to use for the random number generator that is used to select links from the network as starting locations for the vehicles. Default seed is 1234.

AdaptConfigForDrt

If your config file is already set to use DRT, you can skip to the next step. Otherwise, you need to first create a drt vehicles file. This can be done using the org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt.utils.CreateDrtVehicles. Then you can run the org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt.utils.AdaptConfigForDrt script introduced in #185 to generate a config file for DRT.
This scripts takes the following command line arguments:

  • input-config-path: (required) the path to base config file.
  • output-config-path: (required) the path to the resulting config file.
  • vehicles-paths: (required) a comma separated list of the paths of the drt vehicles files to use for the drt modes.
  • mode-names: (optional) a comma separated list of the names of the DRT modes to add to the configs. Default value is drt.
  • operational-schemes: (optional) a comma separated list of the operational schemes (door2door or stopbased or serivceAreaBased). Default value is door2door.
  • cost-models: a comma separated list of the names of the cost models to configure Eqasim to use in the estimation of the cost of drt trips. Default value is the ZeroCostModel.
  • estimators: a comma separated list of the names of the estimators to configure in eqasim to be used for the evaluation of trip alternatives using the new added drt modes. Default value is DrtUtilityEstimator.
  • qsim-endtime: the value by which the end time of the qsim module config will be replaced. Default value is 30:00:00.
  • mode-availability: if provided, will replace the modeAvailability in the DiscreteModeChoice config group.
  • configurator-class: the canonical name of a class extending the org.eqasim.core.simulation.EqasimConfigurator class. If provided, a configurator instance of this class will be used to load the input config file and handle potential extra config groups. Otherwise, the base EqasimConfigurator is used. Note that the class to use needs to be present in your classpath.

The comma separated list arguments are applied on the drt modes according to their respective order of appearence. However if one list contains only one element, that element will be applied on all the modes. Other configuration parameters to override at the end of the process can be supplied in the command line using the usual --config:module.param=value syntax.

Implementation details

Analysis

A DrtAnalysisModule is provided in the org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt.analysis and used by default in simulations feature drt modes. It follows the same logic as other analyses in the Eqasim pipeline by generating files at the frequency specified in the analysisInterval param of the eqasim xml config and at the end of the simulation. The following CSV files are generated:

  • eqasim_drt_passenger_rides.csv
person_id operator_id vehicle_id origin_link_id origin_x origin_y destination_link_id destination_x destination_y departure_time arrival_time waiting_time distance
  • eqasim_drt_vehicle_movements.csv
operator_id vehicle_id origin_link_id origin_x origin_y destination_link_id destination_x destination_y departure_time arrival_time distance number_of_passengers
  • eqasim_drt_vehicle_activities.csv
operator_id vehicle_id link_id x y start_time end_time type

Mode choice integration of DRT

  • To make your DRT modes considered in the mode choice modules, you need to make sure they are allowed by your ModeAvailability. If you want to consider all DRT mode alternatives for all trips, you can simply wrap your existing ModeAvailability implementation by a DrtModeAvailabilityWrapper.
  • Since the DRT router can build a route that consists only a walk leg, it is necessary to make sure that trips using a DRT mode contain at least a DRT leg. This is ensured by the org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt.mode_choice.constraints.DrtWalkConstraint. It can be used in the mode choice module by adding DrtWalkConstraint to the tripConstraints param in the DiscreteModeChoice xml config.
  • A default DrtUtilityEstimator is proposed in org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt.mode_choice.utilities.estimators. It relies on an implementation of org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt.mode_choice.predictors.DrtPredictor interface to predict org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.drt.mode_choice.variables.DrtVariables that consist of a waiting time, travel time, access-egress time, euclidean distance and monetary cost.
  • A DefaultDrtPredictor is proposed in the same package, all the variables are estimated directly from the DRT route except the monetary cost. A cost model is used for the latter one. No default cost model is implemented yet, you'll need to implement your own. If you want to use the default estimator with the default predictor but without a cost model, you can use the ZeroCostModel as configured by the AdaptConfigForDrt script.

Running a simulation with on-demand services acting as transit feeders

Similar to the features presented above, the functionalities for supporting intermodal drt services are implemented in the org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.feeder_drt. This functionality is mainly enabled by a MultiModeFeederDrtModule that allows to define and simulate multiple intermodal drt modes. In the current implementation, the intermodal routing is done heuristically by choosing the closest PT stations from the origin and destination of the trip as access and egress stops. Whereas this feature is currently targeted for the combination between DRT and PT, some effort is already done here to be able to move towards a combination of PT and any other mode, and maybe later a combination of any main mode and any secondary mode for access and egress.

Quick usage

AdaptConfigForFeederDrt

The org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.feeder_drt.utils.AdaptConfigForFeederDrt script allows to go from a config file featuring a multiModeDrtModule to a config file where the drt modes are usable in an intermodal setting. This script typically take a config generated by the AdaptConfigForDrt script. Below the exhaustive list of supported parameters:

  • input-config-path: (required) the path to base config file containing the definitions of one or more DRT modes.
  • output-config-path: (required) the path to the resulting config file.
  • mode-names: a comma separated list of the names of the feeder drt modes to configure. Default value is feeder_drt
  • base-pt-modes: a comma separated list of the names of the main modes on which the feeder modes will rely to build the central segments. Default value is pt.
  • base-drt-modes: a comma separated list of the names of the access/egress drt modes on which the feeder modes will rely to build access and egress segments. Default value is drt.
  • access-egress-transit-stop-modes: a comma separated list of lists. Each inner list contains the transit modes (rail, tram...) that should be matched by transit stops where intermodality between pt and drt can happen. these modes are separated by a pipe | in the inner lists.
  • access-egress-transit-stop-ids: a comma separated list of lists. Each inner list contains the IDs of transit stops where intermodality is allowed. Can be used in addition to the previous parameter to extend the set of transit stops with a few specific ones.
  • estimators: a comma separated list of the names of the estimators to configure in eqasim to be used for the evaluation of trip alternatives using the new added modes.
  • mode-availability: same function as the mode-availability argument detailed above.
  • configurator-class: same function as the configurator-class argument detailed above.

Same as for AdaptConfigForDrt, the comma separated list arguments are applied on the drt modes according to their respective order of appearence. However if one list contains only one element, that element will be applied on all the modes. The script also add activityParams for the stage activities related to the new modes.

XML config format for the multiModeFeederDrtModule

The MultiModeFeederDrt config can also be edited directly in the xml. Below an example:

<module name="multiModeFeederDrt" >
    <!-- Whether or not to perform the analysis for feeder drt services. If set to true, will follow the analysis interval specified in the configuration of the eqasim module -->
    <param name="performAnalysis" value="true" />
    <parameterset type="feederDrt" >
        <!-- The name of the drt mode to use for access and egress segments -->
        <param name="accessEgressModeName" value="drt_for_feeder_b" />
        <!-- Possible values: CLOSEST -->
        <param name="accessEgressStopSelection" value="CLOSEST" />
        <!-- Mode which will be handled by PassengerEngine and VrpOptimizer (passengers'/customers' perspective) -->
        <param name="mode" value="feeder_b" />
        <!-- The name by which the pt mode is known to the agents. Most usually pt -->
        <param name="ptModeName" value="pt" />
        <!-- A regex that if matches with the from facility id (resp to facility id) will result in an access (resp egress) drt leg not being constructed. Leave empty to consider access and egress segments at all times -->
        <param name="skipAccessAndEgressAtFacilities" value="^outside*+" />
        <parameterset type="CompositeAccessEgressStopSearchParameterSet" >
            <parameterset type="TransitStopByIdAccessEgressStopSearch" >
                <param name="ids" value="IDFM:482345.link:305887,IDFM:31170.link:618272,IDFM:462597.link:511974" />
            </parameterset>
            <parameterset type="TransitStopByModeAccessEgressStopSearch" >
                <!-- Comma separated list of PT transit modes (rail, bus...) where intermodality can happen, leave empty to allow intermodality everywhere -->
                <param name="accessEgressTransitStopModes" value="rail,tram,subway" />
            </parameterset>
        </parameterset>
    </parameterset>
    <parameterset type="feederDrt" >
        <param name="accessEgressModeName" value="drt_for_feeder_a" />
        <param name="accessEgressStopSelection" value="CLOSEST" />
        <param name="mode" value="feeder_a" />
        <param name="ptModeName" value="pt" />
        <param name="skipAccessAndEgressAtFacilities" value="^outside*+" />
        <parameterset type="CompositeAccessEgressStopSearchParameterSet" >
            <parameterset type="TransitStopByIdAccessEgressStopSearch" >
                <param name="ids" value="IDFM:482345.link:305887,IDFM:31170.link:618272,IDFM:462597.link:511974" />
            </parameterset>
            <parameterset type="TransitStopByModeAccessEgressStopSearch" >
                <param name="accessEgressTransitStopModes" value="rail,tram,subway" />
            </parameterset>
        </parameterset>
    </parameterset>
</module>

The example above defines two intermodal feeder drt services relying on two separate drt modes for access and egress. Both allowing intermodality at transit stops located on rail, tram and subway pt routes, plus a few other transit stops specified by their IDs (not included in the previous ones). Whereas adding this to your xml config is enough to make the routing and simulation of feeder modes possible. Further configuration of eqasim is needed to fully support these modes in the mode choice. This is what the AdaptConfigForFeederDrt script is for.

Implementation details

Simulation and routing side

This feature is primarily allowed by the MultiModeFeederDrtModule which is inspired by the MultiModeDrtModule of the drt contrib. Each Feeder DRT mode is set up by a FeederDrtModeModule that extends the AbstractDvrpModeModule class to make use of modal bindings. This module adds a FeederDrtRoutingModule responsible for computing routes which requires: a router for access and egress modes (DRT); a router for PT; a PopulationFactory; an AccessEgressStopSearch and an AccessEgressStopSelector instance. The latter is an interface encapsulating the selection process of access and egress stops (where switching between DRT and PT happens). The FeederDrtRoutingModule computes three route segments using the respective router: a first DRT segment is built from the origin to the access stop using the DRT router. Then a PT segment from the access to the egress stop is built using the PT router. Then another DRT segment from the egress stop to the origin. However, one of the access and egress stops is null or if the DRT router fails to calculate one of the access and egress segments, the PT route is prolonged to either start from the origin or end at the destination of the trip. The final trip then contains either 1, 2 or 3 segments, so possibly no DRT segment at all. The plan elements generated by the router is a concatenation of the plan elements generated by the DRT and PT routers for each segment separated by interaction activities. These activities are equipped with a previousSegmentType attribute (instance of the FeederDrtRoutingModule.FeederDrtTripSegmentType enum) that specifies whether the previous segment is a PT segment (MAIN) or a DRT segment (DRT).

The logic of determining the access and egress stops is split into two parts. First, the AccessEgressStopSearch determines which stops are considered. Three implementations are proposed:

  • The TransitStopByModeAccessEgressStopSearch allows to target transit stops that are located on routes with specific modes (e.g rail)
  • The TransitStopByIdAccessEgressStopSearch allows to target transit stops by their IDs
  • The CompositeAccessEgressStopSearch allows to combine multiple AccessEgressStopSearch defined below as shown in the XML above.

Then, among the set of considered transit stops the AccessEgressStopsSelector is in charge of performing the actual choice. The ClosestAccessEgressStopSelector which selects the closest stops from the origin and destination for access and egress.

Moreover, the feederDrt parameter set allows to specify a regex that if matches with the from facility id (resp to facility id) will return null as access and egress stops which will lead the router to not construct drt segments for access (resp egress). We typically use this to prevent the router from adding a DRT segment immediately next to an ouside activity.

Analysis

A FeederDrtAnalysisModule is implemented in the analysis package allowing to generate eqasim_feeder_drt_trips.csv file containing the details of trips performed with an intermodal drt mode. This module is used only if the performAnalysis of the MultiModeFeederDrt config is set to true. In which case the frequency of analysis follows the one defined for other eqasim analyses in the eqasim.analysisInterval.

The csv resulting file has the header below:

person_id origin_link_id origin_x origin_y destination_link_id destination_x destination_y access_vehicle_id egress_vehicle_id access_departure_time egress_departure_time access_arrival_time egress_arrival_time access_transit_stop_id egress_transit_stop_id access_transit_line_id egress_transit_line_id access_transit_route_id egress_transit_route_id

Mode choice integration of Feeder DRT

  • This base functionality comes with a FeederConstraint that ensures that the route of a feeder drt alternative contains at least one PT and one DRT leg as this is not ensured by the router. This constraint also checks that a DRT segment is not immediately next to an outside activity.
  • Morevoer, a basic utility estimator for feeder drt modes is proposed here (DefaultFeederDrtUtilityEstimator). It simply treats the segments as a sequence of trips and delegates the evaluation of each segment to the utility estimator of its related mode (PT or DRT) and sums the values. These base estimators then need to be configured properly in the eqasim config.
  • You will still need to modify your mode availability for the new modes to be considered in the mode choice. If you just want to enable them for all agents, you can wrap your existing ModeAvailability object under the org.eqasim.core.simulation.modes.feeder_drt.mode_choice.FeederDrtModeAvailabilityWrapper, this will add all feeder modes declared under the MultiModeFeederDrt config as well as the drt modes under the multiModeDrt config that are not covered by a feeder mode.