-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Clase8.html
767 lines (644 loc) · 61.7 KB
/
Clase8.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>Clase 8: Introducción a los gráficos — Introducción a python</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/css/index.f658d18f9b420779cfdf24aa0a7e2d77.css">
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="_static/vendor/fontawesome/5.13.0/css/all.min.css">
<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin
href="_static/vendor/fontawesome/5.13.0/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff2">
<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin
href="_static/vendor/fontawesome/5.13.0/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff2">
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="_static/vendor/open-sans_all/1.44.1/index.css">
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="_static/vendor/lato_latin-ext/1.44.1/index.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/sphinx-book-theme.e7340bb3dbd8dde6db86f25597f54a1b.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/togglebutton.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/copybutton.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/mystnb.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/sphinx-thebe.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/panels-main.c949a650a448cc0ae9fd3441c0e17fb0.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/panels-variables.06eb56fa6e07937060861dad626602ad.css" />
<link rel="preload" as="script" href="_static/js/index.d3f166471bb80abb5163.js">
<script id="documentation_options" data-url_root="./" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script>
<script src="_static/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="_static/underscore.js"></script>
<script src="_static/doctools.js"></script>
<script src="_static/togglebutton.js"></script>
<script src="_static/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script src="_static/copybutton.js"></script>
<script >var togglebuttonSelector = '.toggle, .admonition.dropdown, .tag_hide_input div.cell_input, .tag_hide-input div.cell_input, .tag_hide_output div.cell_output, .tag_hide-output div.cell_output, .tag_hide_cell.cell, .tag_hide-cell.cell';</script>
<script src="_static/sphinx-book-theme.7d483ff0a819d6edff12ce0b1ead3928.js"></script>
<script async="async" src="https://unpkg.com/thebelab@latest/lib/index.js"></script>
<script >
const thebe_selector = ".thebe"
const thebe_selector_input = "pre"
const thebe_selector_output = ".output"
</script>
<script async="async" src="_static/sphinx-thebe.js"></script>
<script async="async" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.7/latest.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">MathJax.Hub.Config({"tex2jax": {"inlineMath": [["\\(", "\\)"]], "displayMath": [["\\[", "\\]"]], "processRefs": false, "processEnvironments": false}})</script>
<link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
<link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<meta name="docsearch:language" content="en" />
</head>
<body data-spy="scroll" data-target="#bd-toc-nav" data-offset="80">
<div class="container-xl">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12 col-md-3 bd-sidebar site-navigation show" id="site-navigation">
<div class="navbar-brand-box">
<a class="navbar-brand text-wrap" href="index.html">
<img src="_static/logo_fae.png" class="logo" alt="logo">
<h1 class="site-logo" id="site-title">Introducción a python</h1>
</a>
</div><form class="bd-search d-flex align-items-center" action="search.html" method="get">
<i class="icon fas fa-search"></i>
<input type="search" class="form-control" name="q" id="search-input" placeholder="Search this book..." aria-label="Search this book..." autocomplete="off" >
</form>
<nav class="bd-links" id="bd-docs-nav" aria-label="Main navigation">
<ul class="nav sidenav_l1">
<li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="intro.html">
Python para Ingeniería Comercial
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav sidenav_l1">
<li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="About_python.html">
Clase 2: About Python
</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="clase3_4.html">
Clase 3-4: lo básico
</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="Clase5_6.html">
Clase 5-6: lo básico (continuación)
</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="Clase5_6.html#actividad">
Actividad
</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="Clase7_8.html">
Clase 7-8
</a>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="Clase9_10.html">
Clase 9-10: Funciones, diccionarios y condicionales
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav> <!-- To handle the deprecated key -->
<div class="navbar_extra_footer">
Powered by <a href="https://jupyterbook.org">Jupyter Book</a>
</div>
</div>
<main class="col py-md-3 pl-md-4 bd-content overflow-auto" role="main">
<div class="topbar container-xl fixed-top">
<div class="topbar-contents row">
<div class="col-12 col-md-3 bd-topbar-whitespace site-navigation show"></div>
<div class="col pl-md-4 topbar-main">
<button id="navbar-toggler" class="navbar-toggler ml-0" type="button" data-toggle="collapse"
data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" data-target=".site-navigation" aria-controls="navbar-menu"
aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle navigation" aria-controls="site-navigation"
title="Toggle navigation" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left">
<i class="fas fa-bars"></i>
<i class="fas fa-arrow-left"></i>
<i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i>
</button>
<div class="dropdown-buttons-trigger">
<button id="dropdown-buttons-trigger" class="btn btn-secondary topbarbtn" aria-label="Download this page"><i
class="fas fa-download"></i></button>
<div class="dropdown-buttons">
<!-- ipynb file if we had a myst markdown file -->
<!-- Download raw file -->
<a class="dropdown-buttons" href="_sources/Clase8.ipynb"><button type="button"
class="btn btn-secondary topbarbtn" title="Download source file" data-toggle="tooltip"
data-placement="left">.ipynb</button></a>
<!-- Download PDF via print -->
<button type="button" id="download-print" class="btn btn-secondary topbarbtn" title="Print to PDF"
onClick="window.print()" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left">.pdf</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Source interaction buttons -->
<div class="dropdown-buttons-trigger">
<button id="dropdown-buttons-trigger" class="btn btn-secondary topbarbtn"
aria-label="Connect with source repository"><i class="fab fa-github"></i></button>
<div class="dropdown-buttons sourcebuttons">
<a class="repository-button"
href="https://github.com/executablebooks/jupyter-book"><button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary topbarbtn"
data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="Source repository"><i
class="fab fa-github"></i>repository</button></a>
<a class="issues-button"
href="https://github.com/executablebooks/jupyter-book/issues/new?title=Issue%20on%20page%20%2FClase8.html&body=Your%20issue%20content%20here."><button
type="button" class="btn btn-secondary topbarbtn" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left"
title="Open an issue"><i class="fas fa-lightbulb"></i>open issue</button></a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Full screen (wrap in <a> to have style consistency -->
<a class="full-screen-button"><button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary topbarbtn" data-toggle="tooltip"
data-placement="bottom" onclick="toggleFullScreen()" aria-label="Fullscreen mode"
title="Fullscreen mode"><i
class="fas fa-expand"></i></button></a>
<!-- Launch buttons -->
<div class="dropdown-buttons-trigger">
<button id="dropdown-buttons-trigger" class="btn btn-secondary topbarbtn"
aria-label="Launch interactive content"><i class="fas fa-rocket"></i></button>
<div class="dropdown-buttons">
<a class="binder-button" href="https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/executablebooks/jupyter-book/master?urlpath=tree/docs/Clase8.ipynb"><button type="button"
class="btn btn-secondary topbarbtn" title="Launch Binder" data-toggle="tooltip"
data-placement="left"><img class="binder-button-logo"
src="_static/images/logo_binder.svg"
alt="Interact on binder">Binder</button></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Table of contents -->
<div class="d-none d-md-block col-md-2 bd-toc show">
<div class="tocsection onthispage pt-5 pb-3">
<i class="fas fa-list"></i>
Contents
</div>
<nav id="bd-toc-nav">
<ul class="nav section-nav flex-column">
<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry">
<a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#ejemplo-de-visualizaciones-no-marearse-con-el-codigo">
Ejemplo de visualizaciones (no marearse con el código)
</a>
</li>
<li class="toc-h2 nav-item toc-entry">
<a class="reference internal nav-link" href="#introduccion-a-los-graficos">
Introducción a los gráficos
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="main-content" class="row">
<div class="col-12 col-md-9 pl-md-3 pr-md-0">
<div>
<div class="section" id="clase-8-introduccion-a-los-graficos">
<h1>Clase 8: Introducción a los gráficos<a class="headerlink" href="#clase-8-introduccion-a-los-graficos" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>En esta clase vamos introducir una librería para realizar visualizaciones.
Para estas visualizaciones vamos a poder utilizar diferentes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">types</span></code>como números, textos, listas o diccionarios.</p>
<p>Hoy vamos a revisar la librería <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">matplotlib</span></code> que abreviamos como <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plt</span></code>.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Todo sobre esta librería la pueden encontrar en su página web (link 1): <a class="reference external" href="https://matplotlib.org/">https://matplotlib.org/</a></p></li>
<li><p>Algunos ejemplos simples en el link 2: <a class="reference external" href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/introductory/pyplot.html">https://matplotlib.org/stable/tutorials/introductory/pyplot.html</a></p></li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="ejemplo-de-visualizaciones-no-marearse-con-el-codigo">
<h2>Ejemplo de visualizaciones (no marearse con el código)<a class="headerlink" href="#ejemplo-de-visualizaciones-no-marearse-con-el-codigo" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="cell tag_hide-input docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="c1"># Fixing random state for reproducibility</span>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19680801</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">N</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">50</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">colors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">area</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">30</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="c1"># 0 to 15 point radii</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">scatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">area</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">colors</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_2_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_2_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell tag_hide-input docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[[</span> <span class="mi">66386</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">174296</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">75131</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">577908</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">32015</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">58230</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">381139</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">78045</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">99308</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">160454</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">89135</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">80552</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">152558</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">497981</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">603535</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">[</span> <span class="mi">78415</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">81858</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">150656</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">193263</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">69638</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">139361</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">331509</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">343164</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">781380</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">52269</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="n">columns</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Freeze'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Wind'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Flood'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Quake'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Hail'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1"> year'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)]</span>
<span class="n">values</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2500</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">value_increment</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1000</span>
<span class="c1"># Get some pastel shades for the colors</span>
<span class="n">colors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cm</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">BuPu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">)))</span>
<span class="n">n_rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">0.3</span>
<span class="n">bar_width</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span>
<span class="c1"># Initialize the vertical-offset for the stacked bar chart.</span>
<span class="n">y_offset</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Plot bars and create text labels for the table</span>
<span class="n">cell_text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">row</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n_rows</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">bar_width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">y_offset</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">colors</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">y_offset</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">y_offset</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">cell_text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%1.1f</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mf">1000.0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">y_offset</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># Reverse colors and text labels to display the last value at the top.</span>
<span class="n">colors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">colors</span><span class="p">[::</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">cell_text</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reverse</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># Add a table at the bottom of the axes</span>
<span class="n">the_table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">cellText</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">cell_text</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">rowLabels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rows</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">rowColours</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">colors</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">colLabels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">columns</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">loc</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bottom'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Adjust layout to make room for the table:</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots_adjust</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bottom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Loss in $</span><span class="si">{0}</span><span class="s2">'s"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">value_increment</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yticks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">values</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">value_increment</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%d</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">val</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">values</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xticks</span><span class="p">([])</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Loss by Disaster'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_3_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_3_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell tag_hide-input docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19680801</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># example data</span>
<span class="n">mu</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span class="c1"># mean of distribution</span>
<span class="n">sigma</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">15</span> <span class="c1"># standard deviation of distribution</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mu</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">sigma</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">437</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">num_bins</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">50</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ax</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># the histogram of the data</span>
<span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bins</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">patches</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hist</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_bins</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">density</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># add a 'best fit' line</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pi</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">sigma</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">0.5</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">sigma</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bins</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">mu</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bins</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'--'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Smarts'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Probability density'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">ax</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="s1">'Histogram of IQ: $\mu=100$, $\sigma=15$'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Tweak spacing to prevent clipping of ylabel</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tight_layout</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_4_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_4_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell tag_hide-input docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">19680801</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fig</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">axs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">subplots</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">figsize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hist</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">scatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">axs</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hist2d</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_5_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_5_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="introduccion-a-los-graficos">
<h2>Introducción a los gráficos<a class="headerlink" href="#introduccion-a-los-graficos" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Para hacer un gráfico vamos a usar la función <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">plot</span></code> y <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">show</span></code> para mostrar (es como el print() de los gráficos).</p>
<p>Utilizando la lista [1,2,3,4] podemos hacer una línea recta</p>
<p>¿Es de 45°?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_10_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_10_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Lo anterior es equivalente a graficar</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_12_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_12_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Entonces si queremos hacer una línea de 45°</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_14_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_14_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Los gŕaficos funcionan como <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">capas</span></code>, si colocamos un código seguido del otro (sin el plt.show()) se agregan al mismo plot.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#No es de 45°</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Es de 45°</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_16_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_16_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Entonces si queremos graficar (x, y) donde x = [1, 2, …, 10], <span class="math notranslate nohighlight">\(y = 2x^2+1\)</span>.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span> <span class="c1">#Importamos la librería numérica</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Creamos un vector numérico entre 1-10 con 10 elementos</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">#Creamos la ecuación</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Graficamos</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_18_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_18_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Otro gráfico y = log(x)</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Creamos un vector entre 1-100 con 1000 elementos</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Sacamos el logaritmo de cada valor de x</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Graficamos (x, y)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_20_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_20_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>¿Cómo agregamos títlo y nombres de ejes?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Valores de x</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Valores de y</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Gráfico Logaritmo"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#título</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"x"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#título eje x</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"y"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#título eje y</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_22_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_22_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Para agregar una leyenda usamos plt.legend()</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Gráfico Logaritmo"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#título</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"x"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#título eje x</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"y"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#título eje y</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">legend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"A"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Leyenda</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_24_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_24_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Entonces podemos graficar varias situaciones a partir de las diferentes capas.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#Ponderadores</span>
<span class="n">α1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.1</span>
<span class="n">α2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span>
<span class="n">α3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">α4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">1.5</span>
<span class="c1">#Valores de x e y</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">α1</span>
<span class="n">y2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">α2</span>
<span class="n">y3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">α3</span>
<span class="n">y4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">log</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">α4</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"α1="</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">α1</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"α2="</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">α2</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"α3="</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">α3</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"α4="</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">α4</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Gráfico Logaritmo"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#título</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"x"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#título eje x</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"y"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#título eje y</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">legend</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_26_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_26_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Gráfico de barra: <em>recordar que los gráficos funcionan como capas</em></p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span>
<span class="c1"># Datos</span>
<span class="n">Valor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">barras</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'B'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'C'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'E'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y_pos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos las barras</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Valor</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos los nombres en el eje</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xticks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Mostrar el gráfico</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_28_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_28_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Le podemos cambiar la intensidad del color</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Datos</span>
<span class="n">Valor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">barras</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'B'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'C'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'E'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y_pos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos las barras</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Valor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#Con el parámetro alpha cambiamos la intensidad del color</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos los nombres en el eje</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xticks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Mostrar el gráfico</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_30_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_30_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Podemos cambiar el color usando el argumento “color”.</p>
<p>Para ver las opciones de colores pueden revisar el siguiente link 3: <a class="reference external" href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/named_colors.html">https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/named_colors.html</a></p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Datos</span>
<span class="n">Valor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">barras</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'B'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'C'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'E'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y_pos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos las barras</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Valor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'red'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#con "color" modificamos el color</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos los nombres en el eje</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xticks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Mostrar el gráfico</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_32_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_32_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Para modificar la orientación del gráfico usamos “plt.barh” en lugar de “plt.bar” y los nombres de eje ahora se ponen en “plt.yticks”.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Datos</span>
<span class="n">Valor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">barras</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'B'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'C'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'E'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y_pos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos las barras</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">barh</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Valor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'red'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">#con "color" modificamos el color</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos los nombres en el eje</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">yticks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Mostrar el gráfico</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_34_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_34_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Con estos ejemplos básicos, junto a un poco de información adicional podemos crear un gráfico de barras para dos grupos diferentes.</p>
<p>Para esto vamos a utilizar el argumento “width” que nos va a permitir <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">separar</span></code> las barras.</p>
<p>Para ver los otros argumentos de los “plot.bar” pueden ver el siguiente link 4: <a class="reference external" href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.bar.html">https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.bar.html</a></p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Valor1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">Valor2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">barras</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'A'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'B'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'C'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'E'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y_pos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">bar_width</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.35</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos las barras</span>
<span class="sd">'''barra 1'''</span> <span class="c1">#Podemos escribir los elementos del gráfico separados por coma y por saltos de línea</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Valor1</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">bar_width</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'red'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.8</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Caso 1"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="sd">'''barra 2'''</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">bar_width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Valor2</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">bar_width</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">color</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'green'</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Caso 2"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Creamos los nombres en el eje</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">xticks</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y_pos</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">bar_width</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">barras</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">legend</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1">#Para que nos muestre los labels</span>
<span class="c1"># Mostrar el gráfico</span>
<span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<img alt="_images/Clase8_36_0.png" src="_images/Clase8_36_0.png" />
</div>
</div>
<p>Algunas preguntas para seguir utilizando gráficos:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>¿Podemos colocar un gráfico dentro de una función?</p></li>
<li><p>¿Nos sirven los condicionales para un gráfico?</p></li>
<li><p>¿Qué otros tipos de gráficos podemos crear?</p></li>
<li><p>¿Nos sirven los loops para simplificar los códigos de un gráfico?</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/x-thebe-config">
{
requestKernel: true,
binderOptions: {
repo: "binder-examples/jupyter-stacks-datascience",
ref: "master",
},
codeMirrorConfig: {
theme: "abcdef",
mode: "python"
},
kernelOptions: {
kernelName: "python3",
path: "./."
},
predefinedOutput: true
}
</script>
<script>kernelName = 'python3'</script>
</div>
<div class='prev-next-bottom'>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer class="footer mt-5 mt-md-0">
<div class="container">
<p>
By Félix Ordóñez<br/>
© Copyright 2020.<br/>
</p>
</div>
</footer>
</main>
</div>
</div>
<script src="_static/js/index.d3f166471bb80abb5163.js"></script>
</body>
</html>