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1. Librerías
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2. Funciones (intro)
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3. Variables
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4. Types
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Ejemplos
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Ejercicios:
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5. Listas
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6. Arrays
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<div class="section" id="clase-3-lo-basico">
<h1>Clase 3: lo básico<a class="headerlink" href="#clase-3-lo-basico" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Librerías</p></li>
<li><p>Funciones (intro)</p></li>
<li><p>Variables</p></li>
<li><p>Types</p></li>
<li><p>Listas</p></li>
<li><p>Arrays</p></li>
<li><p>Loops</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Conceptos básicos clases anteriores:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Qué es python</p></li>
<li><p>Anaconda</p></li>
<li><p>Jupyter lab</p></li>
<li><p>Archivo notebook -> crear un nuevo notebook</p></li>
<li><p>Terminal</p></li>
<li><p>Ruta donde están nuestros archivos</p></li>
<li><p>Cómo instalar una librería usando conda o pip</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="librerias">
<h2>1. Librerías<a class="headerlink" href="#librerias" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Antes de definir una librería necesitamos definir un <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">módulo</span></code>. Corresponde a un archivo con un código de Python.</p>
<p>Entonces, una <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">librería</span></code> va a ser una <em>colección de módulos</em>. Un <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">paquete</span></code> va a ser una librería que podemos instalar mediante un <em>package manager</em>.</p>
<p>¿Para qué utilizamos una librería?</p>
<p>Cada librería va a contener una colección de módulos, por ejemplo, funciones que nos van a permitir realizar operaciones matemáticas, graficar, importar datos, etc.</p>
<p>En esta clase vamos a utilizar la librería <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy</span></code> (la instalamos la clase 2). Esta librería es fundamental para la computación científica, entregando un gran número de operaciones matemáticas.</p>
<p>Si no la tiene instalada aún, se puede hacer mediante el código <strong>pip install numpy</strong>. La documentación de numpy la encuentra en <a class="reference external" href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/">https://numpy.org/doc/stable/</a></p>
<p>Algunos ejemplos de qué podemos hacer con esta librería:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#1. Importar librería</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="c1">#2. usar librería para crear un vector</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1">#3. Realizar suma de valores dentro de un vector</span>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">#4. Valor absoluto</span>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">abs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">#5. Raíz cuadrada</span>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sqrt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">#6. Transponer</span>
<span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">transpose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="funciones-intro">
<h2>2. Funciones (intro)<a class="headerlink" href="#funciones-intro" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Una función va a ser un código que almacena una tarea particular y puede ser llamada cuando uno quiera mediante el nombre de la función. Se le puede entregar un input y retorna un oputput.</p>
<p>En esta clase vamos a utilizar algunas funciones básicas como print() o type(). Las funciones se caracterizan por tener ‘nombre’ + ‘(input)’ o ‘nombre’ + ‘()’.</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hola mundo'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'hola mundo'</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>hola mundo
hola mundo
hola mundo <class 'str'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="variables">
<h2>3. Variables<a class="headerlink" href="#variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Corresponden a un elemento que almacena información. Esta información puede tener diferentes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">types</span></code>o características.
En lo que sigue veremos como crear una variable y los difentes tipos.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="types">
<h2>4. Types<a class="headerlink" href="#types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Los lenguajes de programación tienen <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tipos</span></code> de datos. Cada uno tiene diferentes propiedades y sirve para diferentes acciones.
Python tiene los siguientes tipos de datos:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Texto: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Número: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">comlex</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Secuencial: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">list</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tuple</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">range</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Mapping: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dict</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Set: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set,</span> <span class="pre">frozenset</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Boolean: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bool</span></code></p></li>
<li><p>Binario: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytearray</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">memoryview</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
<div class="section" id="ejemplos">
<h3>Ejemplos<a class="headerlink" href="#ejemplos" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Hola mundo"</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Hola mundo <class 'str'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">20</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>20 <class 'int'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">20.5</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>20.5 <class 'float'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="n">j</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>1j <class 'complex'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"gatos"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"perros"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"canarios"</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>['gatos', 'perros', 'canarios'] <class 'list'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"gatos"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"perros"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"canarios"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>('gatos', 'perros', 'canarios') <class 'tuple'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>range(0, 5) <class 'range'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"gatos"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"perros"</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>{'gatos': 2, 'perros': 3} <class 'dict'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>True <class 'bool'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ejercicios">
<h3>Ejercicios:<a class="headerlink" href="#ejercicios" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<ol class="simple">
<li><p>Strings (texto)</p></li>
<li><p>Int - Float</p></li>
<li><p>Boolean</p></li>
</ol>
<p>¿Cómo creamos una variable de texto?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#Para crear un string debe ser entre comillas</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">hola</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output traceback highlight-ipythontb notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gt">---------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="ne">NameError</span><span class="g g-Whitespace"> </span>Traceback (most recent call last)
<span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ipython</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">48173</span><span class="n">a3c27f5</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">module</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="g g-Whitespace"> </span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="c1">#Para crear un string debe ser entre comillas</span>
<span class="ne">----> </span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">hola</span>
<span class="ne">NameError</span>: name 'hola' is not defined
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#Se pueden agregar</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'hola'</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"mundo"</span>
<span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>holamundo
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#Se pueden crear de diferentes maneras</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"hola"</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"mundo"</span>
<span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">" "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">"un número puede ser string: "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s2">"10 o "</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>hola mundo
un número puede ser string: 10 o 10
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#Un número puede ser string -> no se pueden hacer operaciones matemáticas</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"10"</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"10"</span>
<span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">y</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>1010
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Una variable del tipo numérica nos permite realizar operaciones matemáticas</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">20.5</span>
<span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>30.5
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">**</span><span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>400
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>¿Se pueden juntar variables de diferentes tipos?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'10'</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output traceback highlight-ipythontb notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gt">---------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="g g-Whitespace"> </span>Traceback (most recent call last)
<span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ipython</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">47</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">013104e6</span><span class="n">ffaf</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">module</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="g g-Whitespace"> </span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'10'</span>
<span class="g g-Whitespace"> </span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="ne">----> </span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span>
<span class="ne">TypeError</span>: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'10'</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>20
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>¿Cómo evalúo si se cumple una condición?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">z</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>False
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>1
2
0
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>¿Se puede guardar una condición como variable?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="n">variable</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">11</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"variable= "</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">variable</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>variable= True
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="mi">11</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>True
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Para evaluar un “o” se utiliza “or”, mientras que para un “y” se usa “and”</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>True
False
False
True
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="listas">
<h2>5. Listas<a class="headerlink" href="#listas" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Una lista va a ser un contenedor de información. Permite diferentes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">types</span></code>.
Para crear una lista se pueden usar dos métodos:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Usando “[]”</p></li>
<li><p>o usando list()</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>['a', 1, 1.1, True]
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Otra forma de crear listas:</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[], []]
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>¿Se puede acceder a los elementos de una lista?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">1.1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>a
1
1.1
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="tip admonition">
<p class="admonition-title">Posición en una lista</p>
<p>La posición parte del índice 0.</p>
<p>Si la lista es [a, b, c], la posición de cada elemento será [0, 1, 2].</p>
</div>
<p>¿Se pueden hacer operaciones matemáticas con listas?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>['a', 1, 1.1, True, 'a', 1, 1.1, True]
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>y si son sólo elementos numéricos?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[1, 2, 2, 2]
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="output traceback highlight-ipythontb notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gt">---------------------------------------------------------------------------</span>
<span class="ne">TypeError</span><span class="g g-Whitespace"> </span>Traceback (most recent call last)
<span class="o"><</span><span class="n">ipython</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">36</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">d32218a19255</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">module</span><span class="o">></span>
<span class="g g-Whitespace"> </span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="g g-Whitespace"> </span><span class="mi">3</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="ne">----> </span><span class="mi">4</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="ne">TypeError</span>: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'list'
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Si podemos realizar operaciones matemáticas sobre los elementos de una lista</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>3
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>¿Cómo agregar elementos a una lista?</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hola'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[10, 'hola']
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Para acceder al total de elementos de una lista usamos la función len()</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output text_plain highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>2
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Para borrar elementos podemos usar pop() o remove()</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'hola'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>['hola']
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'hola'</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remove</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>['hola']
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="arrays">
<h2>6. Arrays<a class="headerlink" href="#arrays" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Cuando queremos hacer operaciones matemáticas con vectores o matrices vamos a utilizar <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">arrays</span></code>.</p>
<p>Para esto usamos <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy</span></code>: <strong>import numpy as np</strong></p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">x_arr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"x:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"x_arr:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x_arr</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>x: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
x_arr: [1 2 3 4 5]
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x_arr</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><class 'list'>
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>La ventaja de usar arrays es que nos permite hacer operaciones matemáticas</p>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[0 2 4]
[0 2 4]
[0 1 4]
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"len:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s2">" x "</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[1 2]
[3 4]]
len: 2 x 2
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>¿Si tenemos un vector y una matriz cómo realizamos una multiplicación?</p>
<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">
\[\begin{split}\left[ \begin{array}{cc}
2 & 2 \\
2 & 2 \end{array}\right]
\cdot
\left[
\begin{array}{cc}
2 & 2 \\
2 & 2 \\
\end{array}
\right] =
\left[ \begin{array}{cc}
8 & 8 \\
8 & 8 \\
\end{array}
\right]\end{split}\]</div>
<div class="cell docutils container">
<div class="cell_input docutils container">
<div class="highlight-ipython3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">([[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]])</span>
<span class="c1">#1. Multiplicación de cada elemento de la matriz</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Caso 1:</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1">#2. Multiplicación de matrices</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Caso 2:</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">@</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell_output docutils container">
<div class="output stream highlight-myst-ansi notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Caso 1:
[[4 4]
[4 4]]
Caso 2:
[[8 8]
[8 8]]
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="loops">
<h2>7. Loops<a class="headerlink" href="#loops" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Vamos a utilizar <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">loops</span></code> para crear iteraciones sobre una secuencia, un rango determinado, por ejemplo una lista, de 0 a 10, etc.</p>