diff --git a/src/main/scala/com/fulcrumgenomics/vcf/DownsampleVcf.scala b/src/main/scala/com/fulcrumgenomics/vcf/DownsampleVcf.scala
index d33f913d8..1f127902c 100644
--- a/src/main/scala/com/fulcrumgenomics/vcf/DownsampleVcf.scala
+++ b/src/main/scala/com/fulcrumgenomics/vcf/DownsampleVcf.scala
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import com.fulcrumgenomics.util.{Metric, ProgressLogger}
 import com.fulcrumgenomics.vcf.api.Allele.NoCallAllele
 import com.fulcrumgenomics.vcf.api.{Allele, Genotype, Variant, VcfCount, VcfFieldType, VcfFormatHeader, VcfHeader, VcfSource, VcfWriter}
 import com.fulcrumgenomics.cmdline.{ClpGroups, FgBioTool}
-import com.fulcrumgenomics.vcf.DownsampleVcf.{downsampleAndRegenotype, winnowVariants}
+import com.fulcrumgenomics.vcf.DownsampleVcf.{HasLikelihoods, downsampleAndRegenotype, winnowVariants}
 
 import scala.math.log10
 import scala.util.Random
@@ -102,7 +102,11 @@ object DownsampleVcf extends LazyLogging {
     ): Genotype = {
     val oldAds = gt.getOrElse[IndexedSeq[Int]]("AD", throw new Exception(s"AD tag not found for sample ${gt.sample}"))
     val newAds = downsampleADs(oldAds, proportion, random)
-    val likelihoods = Likelihoods(newAds)
+    val likelihoods = gt.ploidy match {
+      case 1 => HaploidLikelihoods(newAds)
+      case 2 => Likelihoods(newAds)
+      case _ => throw new RuntimeException(s"Got ploidy ${gt.ploidy}")
+    }
     val pls = likelihoods.pls
     val calls = likelihoods.mostLikelyCall(gt.alleles.toSeq)
     val totalAd = newAds.sum
@@ -116,6 +120,12 @@ object DownsampleVcf extends LazyLogging {
     }
   }
 
+  trait HasLikelihoods {
+    def pls: IndexedSeq[Int]
+
+    def mostLikelyCall(alleles: Seq[Allele]): IndexedSeq[Allele]
+  }
+
   object Likelihoods {
     /**Converts a sequence of log-likelihoods to phred-scale by 1) multiplying each by -10, 2)
      * subtracting from each the min value so the smallest value is 0, and 3) rounding to the
@@ -181,7 +191,7 @@ object DownsampleVcf extends LazyLogging {
    * @param numAlleles the number of alleles the variant has
    * @param genotypeLikelihoods sequence of GLs in the order specified in the VCF spec
    */
-  case class Likelihoods(numAlleles: Int, genotypeLikelihoods: IndexedSeq[Double]) {
+  case class Likelihoods(numAlleles: Int, genotypeLikelihoods: IndexedSeq[Double]) extends HasLikelihoods {
     /**
       * Returns the likelihoods as a list of phred-scaled integers (i.e, the value of the PL tag).
       * @return a list of phred-scaled likelihooodS for AA, AB, BB.
@@ -190,7 +200,7 @@ object DownsampleVcf extends LazyLogging {
       Likelihoods.logToPhredLikelihoods(genotypeLikelihoods)
     }
 
-    def mostLikelyGenotype: Option[(Int, Int)] = {
+    private def mostLikelyGenotype: Option[(Int, Int)] = {
       val minIndexes = pls.zipWithIndex.filter(pair => pair._1 == 0)
       minIndexes.length match {
         case 0 => throw new RuntimeException("expected the most likely PL to have a value of 0.0")
@@ -213,6 +223,96 @@ object DownsampleVcf extends LazyLogging {
   }
 }
 
+
+object HaploidLikelihoods {
+  /**Converts a sequence of log-likelihoods to phred-scale by 1) multiplying each by -10, 2)
+    * subtracting from each the min value so the smallest value is 0, and 3) rounding to the
+    * nearest integer.
+    */
+  def logToPhredLikelihoods(logLikelihoods: IndexedSeq[Double]): IndexedSeq[Int] = {
+    val rawPL = logLikelihoods.map(gl => gl * -10)
+    val minPL = rawPL.min
+    rawPL.map(pl => (pl - minPL).round.toInt)
+  }
+
+  /** Computes the likelihoods for each possible biallelic genotype.
+    * @param alleleDepthA the reference allele depth
+    * @param alleleDepthB the alternate allele depth
+    * @param epsilon      the error rate for genotyping
+    * @return a new `Likelihood` that has the likelihoods of AA, AB, and BB
+    */
+  def biallelic(alleleDepthA: Int, alleleDepthB: Int, epsilon: Double = 0.01): IndexedSeq[Double] = {
+    val aGivenA = log10(1 - epsilon)
+    val aGivenB = log10(epsilon)
+
+    val rawGlA = (alleleDepthA * aGivenA) + (alleleDepthB * aGivenB)
+    val rawGlB = (alleleDepthA * aGivenB) + (alleleDepthB * aGivenA)
+
+    IndexedSeq(rawGlA, rawGlB)
+  }
+
+  /** Computes the likelihoods for each possible genotype given a sequence of read depths for any
+    * number of alleles.
+    * @param alleleDepths the sequence of allele depths in the order specified in the VCF
+    * @param epsilon      the error rate for genotyping
+    * @return a new `Likelihood` that has the log likelihoods of all possible genotypes in the
+    * order specified in VFC spec for the GL/PL tags.
+    */
+  def generalized(alleleDepths: IndexedSeq[Int], epsilon: Double = 0.01): IndexedSeq[Double] = {
+    val numAlleles = alleleDepths.length
+    // probabilities associated with each possible genotype for a pair of alleles
+    val logProbs: Array[Double] = Array(
+      math.log10(epsilon),
+      math.log10(1 - epsilon)
+    )
+    // compute genotype log-likelihoods
+    (0 until numAlleles).map(a =>
+      (0 until numAlleles).map(allele =>
+        logProbs(if(a == allele) 1 else 0) * alleleDepths(allele)
+      ).sum
+    )
+  }
+
+  def apply(alleleDepths: IndexedSeq[Int], epsilon: Double = 0.01): HaploidLikelihoods = {
+    val numAlleles = alleleDepths.length
+    require(numAlleles >= 2, "at least two alleles are required to calculate genotype likelihoods")
+    HaploidLikelihoods(numAlleles, generalized(alleleDepths, epsilon))
+  }
+}
+
+/** Stores the log10(likelihoods) for all possible genotypes.
+  * @param numAlleles the number of alleles the variant has
+  * @param genotypeLikelihoods sequence of GLs in the order specified in the VCF spec
+  */
+case class HaploidLikelihoods(numAlleles: Int, genotypeLikelihoods: IndexedSeq[Double]) extends HasLikelihoods {
+  /**
+    * Returns the likelihoods as a list of phred-scaled integers (i.e, the value of the PL tag).
+    * @return a list of phred-scaled likelihooodS for AA, AB, BB.
+    */
+  def pls: IndexedSeq[Int] = {
+    HaploidLikelihoods.logToPhredLikelihoods(genotypeLikelihoods)
+  }
+
+  private def mostLikelyGenotype: Option[Int] = {
+    val minIndexes = pls.zipWithIndex.filter(pair => pair._1 == 0)
+    minIndexes.length match {
+      case 0 => throw new RuntimeException("expected the most likely PL to have a value of 0.0")
+      case 1 => {
+        Some(minIndexes.head._2)
+      }
+      case _ => None  // if multiple genotypes are most likely, don't make a call
+    }
+  }
+
+  def mostLikelyCall(alleles: Seq[Allele]): IndexedSeq[Allele] = {
+    mostLikelyGenotype match {
+      case None => IndexedSeq(NoCallAllele)
+      case Some(a) => IndexedSeq(alleles(a))
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
 @clp(group=ClpGroups.VcfOrBcf, description =
   """
     |Re-genotypes a VCF after downsampling the allele counts.
@@ -248,8 +348,8 @@ class DownsampleVcf
   @arg(flag='o', doc="Output file name.") val output: PathToVcf,
   @arg(flag='w', doc="Winnowing window size.") val windowSize: Int = 0,
   @arg(flag='e', doc="Sequencing Error rate for genotyping.") val epsilon: Double = 0.01,
-  @arg(flag='v', doc="Minimum allele depth to call HOMVAR (otherwise NO-CALL)") val minAdHomvar: Int = 4,
-  @arg(flag='r', doc="Minimum allele depth to call HOMREF (otherwise NO-CALL)") val minAdHomref: Int = 2,
+  @arg(flag='v', doc="Minimum allele depth to call HOMVAR (otherwise NO-CALL)") val minAdHomvar: Int = 3,
+  @arg(flag='r', doc="Minimum allele depth to call HOMREF (otherwise NO-CALL)") val minAdHomref: Int = 1,
   @arg(flag='c', doc="True to write out no-calls.") val writeNoCall: Boolean = false,
   @arg(flag='s', doc="Random seed value.") val seed: Int = 42,
   ) extends FgBioTool {