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copyright lastupdated keywords subcollection content-type services account-plan completion-time
years
2021, 2025
2025-01-15
MPIO, iSCSI LUNs, multipath configuration file, Ubuntu 20, multipath, mpio, Linux, Ubuntu
BlockStorage
tutorial
paid
1h

{{site.data.keyword.attribute-definition-list}}

Mount iSCSI volume on Ubuntu 20

{: #mountingUbu20} {: toc-content-type="tutorial"} {: toc-services=""} {: toc-completion-time="1h"}

This tutorial guides you through how to mount an {{site.data.keyword.blockstoragefull}} volume on a server with the Ubuntu 20.04 Server Edition operating system. You're going to create two connections from one network interface of your host to two target IP addresses of the storage array. {: shortdesc}

If you're using another Linux® operating system, refer to the Documentation of your specific distribution, and make sure that the multipath supports ALUA for path priority. {: tip}

Before you begin

{: #beforemountingUbu20}

If multiple hosts mount the same {{site.data.keyword.blockstorageshort}} volume without being cooperatively managed, your data is at risk for corruption. Volume corruption can occur if changes are made to the volume by multiple hosts at the same time. You need a cluster-aware, shared-disk file system to prevent data loss such as Microsoft Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV), Red Hat Global File System (GFS2), VMware® VMFS, and others. For more information, see your host's OS Documentation. {: attention}

It's best to run storage traffic on a VLAN, which bypasses the firewall. Running storage traffic through software firewalls increases latency and adversely affects storage performance. For more information about routing storage traffic to its own VLAN interface, see the FAQs. {: important}

Before you start configuring iSCSI, make sure to have the network interfaces correctly set and configured in order for the open-iscsi package to work correctly, especially during startup time. In Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, the default network configuration tool is netplan.io{: external}. For more information about how the iSCSI service works on the Ubuntu OS, see iSCSI Initiator (or Client){: external} Documentation.

Also, make sure that the host that is to access the {{site.data.keyword.blockstorageshort}} volume is authorized. For more information, see Authorizing the host in the console{: ui}Authorizing the host from the CLI{: cli}Authorizing the host with Terraform{: terraform}. {: requirement}

Install the iSCSI and multipath utilities

{: #installutilsubu20} {: step}

Make sure that your system is updated and includes the open-iscsi and multipath-tools packages. Use the following commands to install the packages.

  • Install open-iscsi.

    sudo apt install open-iscsi

    {: pre}

    When the package is installed, it creates the following two files.

    • /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf
    • /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi

  • Install multipath-tools.

    sudo apt install multipath-tools

    {: pre}

    If you want to boot from the volume, then the multipath-tools-boot package needs to be installed as well. {: tip}

Set up the multipath

{: #setupmultipathdubu20} {: step}

  1. After you installed the multipath utility, create an empty configuration file that is called /etc/multipath.conf.

  2. Modify the default values of /etc/multipath.conf.

    defaults {
user_friendly_names no
max_fds max
flush_on_last_del yes
queue_without_daemon no
dev_loss_tmo infinity
fast_io_fail_tmo 5
}
# All data in the following section must be specific to your system.
blacklist {
wwid "SAdaptec*"
devnode "^hd[a-z]"
devnode "^(ram|raw|loop|fd|md|dm-|sr|scd|st)[0-9]*"
devnode "^cciss.*"
}
devices {
device {
vendor "NETAPP"
product "LUN"
path_grouping_policy group_by_prio
features "3 queue_if_no_path pg_init_retries 50"
prio "alua"
path_checker tur
failback immediate
path_selector "round-robin 0"
hardware_handler "1 alua"
rr_weight uniform
rr_min_io 128
}
}

    {: screen}

    The initial defaults section of the configuration file configures your system so that the names of the multipath devices are of the form /dev/mapper/mpathn, where mpathn is the WWID number of the device.

  3. Save the configuration file and exit the editor, if necessary.

  4. Start the multipath service.

    service multipath-tools start

    {: pre}

    If you need to edit the multipath configuration file after you started the multipath daemon, you must restart the multipathd service for the changes to take effect. {: note}

    For more information about using the Device Mapper Multipath feature on Ubuntu 20, see Device Mapper Multipathing - Introduction{: external}.

Update /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi file

{: #updateinitiatorubu20} {: step}

Update the /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi file with the IQN from the {{site.data.keyword.cloud}} console. Enter the value as lowercase.

InitiatorName=<value-from-the-Portal>

{: pre}

Configure credentials

{: #configcredubu20} {: step}

Edit the following settings in /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf by using the username and password from the {{site.data.keyword.cloud}} console. Use uppercase for CHAP names.

node.session.auth.authmethod = CHAP
node.session.auth.username = <Username-value-from-Portal>
node.session.auth.password = <Password-value-from-Portal>
discovery.sendtargets.auth.authmethod = CHAP
discovery.sendtargets.auth.username = <Username-value-from-Portal>
discovery.sendtargets.auth.password = <Password-value-from-Portal>

{: codeblock}

Leave the other CHAP settings commented. {{site.data.keyword.cloud}} storage uses only one-way authentication. Do not enable Mutual CHAP. {: important}

Restart the iscsi service for the changes to take effect.

systemctl restart iscsid.service

{: pre}

Discover the storage device and login

{: #discoverandloginubu20} {: step}

The iscsiadm utility is a command-line tool that is used for the discovery and login to iSCSI targets, plus access and management of the open-iscsi database. For more information, see the iscsiadm(8) man page{: external}. In this step, discover the device by using the Target IP address that was obtained from the {{site.data.keyword.cloud}} console.

  1. Run the discovery against the iSCSI array.

    iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p <ip-value-from-IBM-Cloud-console>

    {: pre}

    If the IP information and access details are displayed, then the discovery is successful.

  2. Configure automatic login.

    sudo iscsiadm -m node --op=update -n node.conn[0].startup -v automatic
sudo iscsiadm -m node --op=update -n node.startup -v automatic

  3. Enable the necessary services.

    systemctl enable open-iscsi
systemctl enable iscsid

  4. Restart the iscsid service.

    systemctl restart iscsid.service

  5. Log in to the iSCSI array.

    sudo iscsiadm -m node --loginall=automatic

    {: pre}

Verifying configuration

{: #verifyconfigubu20} {: step}

  1. Validate that the iSCSI session is established.

    iscsiadm -m session -o show

    {: pre}

  2. Validate that multiple paths exist.

    multipath -ll

    {: pre}

    This command reports the paths. If it is configured correctly, then each volume has a single group, with a number of paths equal to the number of iSCSI sessions. It's possible to attach {{site.data.keyword.blockstorageshort}} with only a single path, but it is important that connections are established on both paths to make sure that no disruption of service occurs.

    $ sudo multipath -ll
mpathb (360014051f65c6cb11b74541b703ce1d4) dm-1 LIO-ORG,TCMU device
size=1.0G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
|-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
| `- 7:0:0:2 sdh 8:112 active ready running
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=enabled
  `- 8:0:0:2 sdg 8:96  active ready running
mpatha (36001405b816e24fcab64fb88332a3fc9) dm-0 LIO-ORG,TCMU device
size=1.0G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
|-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
| `- 7:0:0:1 sdj 8:144 active ready running
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=enabled
  `- 8:0:0:1 sdi 8:128 active ready running

    If MPIO isn't configured correctly, your storage device might disconnect and appear offline when a network outage occurs or when {{site.data.keyword.cloud}} teams perform maintenance. MPIO provides an extra level of connectivity during those events, and keeps an established session to the volume with active read/write operations.

    In the example,36001405b816e24fcab64fb88332a3fc9 is the WWID that is persistent while the volume exists. It is recommended that your application uses the WWID. It's also possible to assign more easier-to-read names by using "user_friendly_names" or "alias" keywords in multipath.conf. For more information, see the multipath.conf man page{: external}. {: tip}

  3. Check dmesg to make sure that the new disks are detected.

    dmesg

    {: pre}

Creating a partition and a file system (optional)

{: #createfilesysubu20} {: step}

After the volume is mounted and accessible on the host, you can create a file system. Follow these steps to create a file system on the newly mounted volume.

  1. Create a partition.

    $ sudo fdisk /dev/mapper/mpatha

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x92c0322a.

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mapper/mpatha: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 65536 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x92c0322a

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2097151, default 2097151):

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1023 MiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.

  2. Create the file system.

    $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/mpatha-part1
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Creating filesystem with 261888 4k blocks and 65536 inodes
Filesystem UUID: cdb70b1e-c47c-47fd-9c4a-03db6f038988
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

  3. Mount the block device.

    sudo mount /dev/mapper/mpatha-part1 /mnt

  4. Access the data to confirm that the new partition and file system are ready for use.

    ls /mnt

Unmounting {{site.data.keyword.blockstorageshort}} volumes

{: #unmountingUbu}

When you no longer need the volume, unmount it before you delete it.

  1. Unmount the file system.

    umount /dev/mapper/XXXp1 /PerfDisk

    {: pre}

  2. If you do not have any other volumes in that target portal, you can log out of the target.

    iscsiadm -m node -t <TARGET NAME> -p <PORTAL IP:PORT> --logout

    {: pre}

  3. If you do not have any other volumes in that target portal, delete the target portal record to prevent future login attempts.

    iscsiadm -m node -o delete -t <TARGET IQN> -p <PORTAL IP:PORT>

    {: pre}

    For more information, see the iscsiadm manual{: external}. {: tip}