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Máster en Programación FullStack con JavaScript y Node.js

JS, Node.js, Frontend, Backend, Firebase, Express, Patrones, HTML5_APIs, Asincronía, Websockets, Testing

Clase 62

JS Frameworks: Un poco de historia

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Lista de Frameworks y librerías

  • Los tres grandes:
    • React A declarative, efficient, and flexible JavaScript library for building user interfaces
    • Angular One framework. Mobile & desktop
    • Vue 🖖 Vue.js is a progressive, incrementally-adoptable JavaScript framework for building UI on the web
  • Historicamente significativos:
    • Angular.js Superheroic JavaScript MVW Framework
    • Backbone.js Give your JS App some Backbone with Models, Views, Collections, and Events
    • Ember.js A JavaScript framework for creating ambitious web applications
  • Notables:
    • Aurelia The aurelia framework brings together all the required core aurelia libraries into a ready-to-go application-building platform
    • Elm A delightful language for reliable webapps. Generate JavaScript with great performance and no runtime exceptions.
    • Inferno An extremely fast, React-like JavaScript library for building modern user interfaces
    • Polymer Our original Web Component library
    • Preact Fast 3kB React alternative with the same modern API. Components & Virtual DOM
    • ReasonML Simple, fast & type safe code that leverages the JavaScript & OCaml ecosystems
    • Svelte The magical disappearing UI framework
    • Knockout Knockout makes it easier to create rich, responsive UIs with JavaScript
  • El resto:
    • AppRun AppRun is a 3K library for developing high-performance and reliable web applications using the elm inspired architecture, events and components
    • Binding.scala Reactive data-binding for Scala
    • Bobril Component oriented framework with Virtual dom (fast, stable, with tooling)
    • Choo 🚂🚋 - sturdy 4kb frontend framework
    • CxJS Advanced JavaScript UI framework for admin and dashboard applications with ready to use grid, form and chart components
    • Cycle.js A functional and reactive JavaScript framework for predictable code
    • DIO A powerful Http client for Dart, which supports Interceptors, FormData, Request Cancellation, File Downloading, Timeout etc
    • Dojo Framework A Progressive Framework for Modern Web Apps
    • Domvm DOM ViewModel - A thin, fast, dependency-free vdom view layer
    • DoneJS An open source JavaScript framework that makes it easy to build high performance, real-time web and mobile applications
    • Etch Builds components using a simple and explicit API around virtual-dom
    • glimmer.js Fast and light-weight UI components for the web. With the attention to detail you've come to expect from Ember
    • Hyperapp 1 kB JavaScript micro-framework for building declarative web applications
    • Hyperdom A fast, feature rich and simple framework for building dynamic browser applications
    • hyperHTML A Fast & Light Virtual DOM Alternative
    • Ivi 🔥 Javascript (TypeScript) library for building web user interfaces
    • Maquette Pure and simple virtual DOM library
    • Marko A friendly (and fast!) UI library from eBay that makes building web apps fun
    • Mithril A Javascript Framework for Building Brilliant Applications
    • Moon 🌙 The minimal & fast UI library
    • Nerv A blazing fast React alternative, compatible with IE8 and React 16
    • NX A modular front-end framework - inspired by the server-side and Web Components
    • petit-dom Minimalist virtual dom library
    • Pux Build type-safe web applications with PureScript
    • Ractive Next-generation DOM manipulation
    • Stencil A Web Component compiler for building fast, reusable UI components and Progressive Web Apps 💎 Built by the Ionic Framework team
    • Y muchos más...

Recursos

JS Frameworks - Avances Tecnológicos: TypeScript

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TypeScript es un lenguaje de programación libre y de código abierto desarrollado y mantenido por Microsoft. Es un superconjunto de JavaScript, que esencialmente añade tipado estático y objetos basados en clases. Anders Hejlsberg, diseñador de C# y creador de Delphi y Turbo Pascal, ha trabajado en el desarrollo de TypeScript. TypeScript puede ser usado para desarrollar aplicaciones JavaScript que se ejecutarán en el lado del cliente o del servidor (Node.js). Wikipedia

Tipado

function Greeter(greeting: string) {
    this.greeting = greeting;
}

Greeter.prototype.greet = function() {
    return "Hello, " + this.greeting;
}

let greeter = new Greeter("world");

let button = document.createElement('button');
button.textContent = "Say Hello";
button.onclick = function() {
    alert(greeter.greet());
};

document.body.appendChild(button);

Clases

class Greeter {
    greeting: string;
    constructor(message: string) {
        this.greeting = message;
    }
    greet() {
        return "Hello, " + this.greeting;
    }
}

let greeter = new Greeter("world");

let button = document.createElement('button');
button.textContent = "Say Hello";
button.onclick = function() {
    alert(greeter.greet());
}

document.body.appendChild(button);

Herencia

class Animal {
    constructor(public name: string) { }
    move(distanceInMeters: number = 0) {
        console.log(`${this.name} moved ${distanceInMeters}m.`);
    }
}

class Snake extends Animal {
    constructor(name: string) { super(name); }
    move(distanceInMeters = 5) {
        console.log("Slithering...");
        super.move(distanceInMeters);
    }
}

class Horse extends Animal {
    constructor(name: string) { super(name); }
    move(distanceInMeters = 45) {
        console.log("Galloping...");
        super.move(distanceInMeters);
    }
}

let sam = new Snake("Sammy the Python");
let tom: Animal = new Horse("Tommy the Palomino");

sam.move();
tom.move(34);

Recursos

JS Frameworks - Avances Tecnológicos: Flow

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Flow is a static type checker for your JavaScript code. It does a lot of work to make you more productive. Making you code faster, smarter, more confidently, and to a bigger scale. Flow

Type Annotations

// @flow
function concat(a: string, b: string) {
  return a + b;
}

concat("A", "B"); // Works!
concat(1, 2); // Error!

Comment Types

// @flow

/*::
type MyAlias = {
  foo: number,
  bar: boolean,
  baz: string,
};
*/

function method(value /*: MyAlias */) /*: boolean */ {
  return value.bar;
}

method({ foo: 1, bar: true, baz: ["oops"] });

Recursos

JS Frameworks - Avances Tecnológicos: GraphQL

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Arquitectura Cliente <-> Servidor

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Peticiones desde Cliente

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Pruebalo

Recursos

JS Frameworks - Avances Tecnológicos: Gestión de estados con Redux y similaress...

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Redux es una biblioteca de código abierto de JavaScript para administrar el estado de la aplicación. Se usa más comúnmente con bibliotecas como React o Angular para crear interfaces de usuario. Similar a la arquitectura Flux de Facebook, fue creada por Dan Abramov y Andrew Clark. Wikipedia

Principios

  • Una sola fuente de la verdad. Todo el estado de tu aplicación esta contenido en un único store
  • El estado es de solo lectura. La única forma de modificar el estado es emitir una acción que indique que cambió
  • Los cambios se hacen mediante funciones puras. Para controlar como el store es modificado por las acciones se usan reducers puros

Funcionamiento

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Mecánica interna

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En resumen

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Ejemplo rápido

<p>
    Counter: <span id="value">0</span> times
    <button id="increment">+</button>
    <button id="decrement">-</button>
    <button id="incrementIfOdd">Increment if odd</button>
    <button id="incrementAsync">Increment async</button>
</p>
// <script src="https://unpkg.com/redux@latest/dist/redux.min.js"></script>
// @see: https://gist.github.com/Arieg419/095a619371b9a62aaa7f474ac8d64740#file-index-html
const valueEl = document.getElementById('value')

function counter(state = 0, action) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case 'INCREMENT':
      return state + 1
    case 'DECREMENT':
      return state - 1
    default:
      return state
  }
}

const store = Redux.createStore(counter)

function render() {
  valueEl.innerHTML = store.getState().toString()
}

render()
store.subscribe(render)

document.getElementById('increment')
  .addEventListener('click', function() {
    store.dispatch({
      type: 'INCREMENT'
    })
  })

document.getElementById('decrement')
  .addEventListener('click', function() {
    store.dispatch({
      type: 'DECREMENT'
    })
  })

document.getElementById('incrementIfOdd')
  .addEventListener('click', function() {
    if (store.getState() % 2 !== 0) {
      store.dispatch({
        type: 'INCREMENT'
      })
    }
  })

document.getElementById('incrementAsync')
  .addEventListener('click', function() {
    setTimeout(function() {
      store.dispatch({
        type: 'INCREMENT'
      })
    }, 1000)
  })

Similares

  • Flux Application Architecture for Building User Interfaces
  • Reflux A simple library for uni-directional dataflow application architecture with React extensions inspired by Flux
  • Relay JavaScript framework for building data-driven React applications
  • mobx Simple, scalable state management
  • Gordux.js Gordon's Redux - Vanilla.js implementation of Redux pattern

Recursos

JS Frameworks: ¿Cual es mi camino?

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Comparativa Rápida en TodoMVC

Recursos