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README.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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border: 1px solid #ddd;
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background-color: #f8f8f8;
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max-width: 100%;
box-sizing: content-box;
background-color: #fff;
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padding-top: 0.2em;
padding-bottom: 0.2em;
margin: 0;
font-size: 85%;
background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
border-radius: 3px;
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margin: 0;
font-size: 100%;
word-break: normal;
white-space: pre;
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margin-bottom: 16px;
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overflow: auto;
font-size: 85%;
line-height: 1.45;
background-color: #f7f7f7;
border-radius: 3px;
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margin-bottom: 0;
word-break: normal;
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padding: 0;
margin: 0;
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line-height: inherit;
word-wrap: normal;
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border-radius: 3px;
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<h1 id="r-toolbox-for-naco-and-cjk-name-authority-comparison">R toolbox
for NACO and CJK name authority comparison</h1>
<p>Alan Engel 27 September, 2024</p>
<p>The Library of Congress’s <a href="https://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/naco/normrule-2.html">Authority File
Comparison Rules (NACO Normalization)</a> were finalized in 2009 for the
specific purpose of determining whether or not names in the 4XX fields
can be added to the 1XX fields. If the comparision rules find that a
name in a 4XX field already exists, in normalized form, in the 1XX
fields, it cannot be added.[Hickey, Toves, and O’Neill (<a href="#ref-hickey2006naco">2006</a>)](<a href="#ref-loc2020descriptive">Library of Congress, Policy, Training,
and Cooperative Programs Division 2020</a>)</p>
<p>Thanks to a splendid new R package, stringi, developed by Marek
Gagolewski,(<a href="#ref-R-stringi">Gagolewski 2022</a>) the comparison
rules can be implemented using calls to the ICU4C library from the <a href="https://icu.unicode.org/">International Components for
Unicode</a>. A step-by-step walk through vignette shows how the
comparison rules are executed using stringi functions.</p>
<p>This package is a sibling of a <a href="https://github.com/kijinosu/viafr">R package viafr</a>, which was
forked from Stefanie Schneider’s viafr package on Github.(<a href="#ref-R-viafr">Stefanie Schneider and Alan Engel 2024</a>) In a
related project, viafr development is aimed at extracting information,
for example, social networks based on coauthors, from the <a href="https://viaf.org/">Virtual International Authority Files
(VIAF)</a>. Normalization functionality for that package will be built
and maintained in rnaco.</p>
<h1 id="features">Features</h1>
<h2 id="functions">Functions</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>get_transliteration_rules() Fetch transliteration rules for use
in stringi::stri_trans_general()</p></li>
<li><p>moji_transform() Normalizing transform based on MojiJoho
variants</p></li>
<li><p>multiform_transform() CJK normalizing transform with
user-selectable form (JA, TW or ZH)</p></li>
<li><p>naco_transform() This function follows the Authority File
Comparison Rules using stringi(<a href="#ref-R-stringi">Gagolewski
2022</a>) to implement the <a href="https://icu.unicode.org/">International Components for
Unicode</a>. The derivation of naco_transform() is detailed in a
walk-through vignette, <code>rnaco::naco</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>show_cluster() Display ideographic clusters used in normalizing
transform</p></li>
<li><p>xml2df() This function reads a specially structured xml, and
produces a tibble.</p></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="data">Data</h2>
<p>Of course, development based on NACO did not end in 2009 and is
included in the <a href="https://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/naco/index.html">NACO - Name Authority
Cooperative Program</a>. This package is intended to facilitate
following developments and includes test datasets from the <a href="https://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/naco/CJK.html">CJK NACO Project</a>.
In particular, each build of the rnaco project downloads several related
files, which are then included as <code>tibbles</code>(<a href="#ref-R-tibble">Müller and Wickham 2023</a>) in package data.</p>
<h3 id="marc-code-tables">MARC code tables</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>Dataset</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>marcNotes</td>
<td>Names, XPaths and notes for MARC-8 code tables</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>marcBasicArabic</td>
<td>Basic Arabic code table, ISOcode=33 (July 2001)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>marcBasicCyrillic</td>
<td>Basic Cyrillic code table, ISOcode=4E (January 2000)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>marcBasicGreek</td>
<td>Basic Greek code table, ISOcode=53 (January 2000)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>marcBasicHebrew</td>
<td>Basic Hebrew code table, ISOcode=32 (January 2000)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>marcBasicLatinASCII</td>
<td>Basic Latin (ASCII) code table (January 2000) ISOcode=42</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>marcComponentInputMethodCharacters</td>
<td>Component Input Method Characters code table (February 6, 2003)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>marcEastAsianIdeographsHan</td>
<td>East Asian Ideographs (‘Han’) code table (February 6, 2003)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>marcEastAsianPunctuationMarks</td>
<td>East Asian Punctuation Marks code table (February 6, 2003)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>marcExtendedArabic</td>
<td>Extended Arabic code table, ISO code 34 (July 2001)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>marcExtendedCyrillic</td>
<td>Extended Cyrillic code table, ISO code 51 (January 2000)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>marcExtendedLatinANSEL</td>
<td>Extended Latin (ANSEL) code table, ISO code 45 (January 2000,
Updated September 2004)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>marcGreekSymbols</td>
<td>Greek Symbols</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>marcJapaneseHiraganaandKatakana</td>
<td>Japanese Hiragana and Katakana code table (February 6, 2003)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>marcKoreanHangul</td>
<td>Korean Hangul code table (February 6, 2003)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>marcSubscripts</td>
<td>Subscripts</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>marcSuperscripts</td>
<td>Superscripts</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="datasets-for-naco_transform">Datasets for naco_transform()</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>Dataset</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>numericrules</td>
<td>Transliteration rules for numeric decimals</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>step6rulestring</td>
<td>Transliteration rule for Step 6 of naco_transform()</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>step7lltranslitrule</td>
<td>Transliteration rule for Step 7 of naco_transform()</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>unconditionalMappings</td>
<td>Unconditional mappings for naco_transform()</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="datasets-for-cjk-normalization">Datasets for CJK
normalization</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>Dataset</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>unihan_variants</td>
<td>Unihan CJK variants</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>mojiMapdf</td>
<td>Mapping of Moji Joho</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>mojiVariants</td>
<td>Moji Joho variants</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>kyoikuKanji</td>
<td>Kanji by grade level in Japan</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>zhXiaoxueWenzi</td>
<td>Ideographs by grade level in PRC</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>twXiaoxueWenzi</td>
<td>Ideographs by grade level in TW</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>jctPrecedence</td>
<td>Precedence schemes for variant clusters</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="datasets-for-testing">Datasets for testing</h3>
<p>This data comes from personal name authority records that were
developed by the <a href="https://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/naco/CJK.html">NACO CJK Funnel
References Project</a> as a source of Chinese, Japanese and Korean names
for testing and development.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>Dataset</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td>cjkextractja</td>
<td>Personal name authority records - Japanese names</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>cjkextractko</td>
<td>Personal name authority records - Korean names</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>cjkextractzh</td>
<td>Personal name authority records - Chinese names</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="vignettes">Vignettes</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>MARC Tables for NACO: For each build, this script downloads the
<a href="https://www.loc.gov/marc/">MARC code lists</a> in XML format
and extracts the code table listed above.</p></li>
<li><p>rnaco::naco: Authority comparison (NACO) rules
walk-through</p></li>
<li><p>rnaco::nacoDatasets: Datasets for Authority File Comparison Rules
(NACO Normalization)</p></li>
<li><p>rnaco::unihanVariants: Unihan Variants Table for rnaco including
analysis of their use in VAIF normalization of CJK names</p></li>
<li><p>rnaco::integrated-variant-map: An in-progress effort to combine
NACO, Unihan variants and MojiJoho variants into an internally coherent
scheme for normalization</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="installation">Installation</h1>
<p>You can install the latest version of <strong>rnaco</strong> from <a href="https://github.com/kijinosu/rnaco">github</a> with:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(devtools)</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" tabindex="-1"></a>devtools<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">install_github</span>(<span class="st">"kijinosu/rnaco"</span>)</span></code></pre></div>
<h1 id="other-simlar-work">Other simlar work</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/unt-libraries/pynaco">pynaco</a> is a
fork by University of North Texas Libraries of Python sample code that
was on the OCLC Research Website.</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="r-packages-used-for-this-package">R packages used for this
package</h1>
<ul>
<li><p>DataPackageR - Set up and put the pieces together (<a href="#ref-R-DataPackageR">Finak et al. 2018</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>dplyr - (<a href="#ref-R-dplyr">Wickham et al. 2023</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>igraph - (<a href="#ref-R-igraph">Csardi and Nepusz
2006</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>readxl - (<a href="#ref-R-readxl">Wickham and Bryan
2023</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>stringi - (<a href="#ref-R-stringi">Gagolewski 2022</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>tibble - (<a href="#ref-R-tibble">Müller and Wickham
2023</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>tidyr - (<a href="#ref-R-tidyr">Wickham, Vaughan, and Girlich
2024</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>viafr(fork) - (<a href="#ref-R-viafr">Stefanie Schneider and Alan
Engel 2024</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>xml2 - (<a href="#ref-R-xml2">Wickham, Hester, and Ooms
2023</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>xslt = (<a href="#ref-R-xslt">Ooms 2024</a>)</p></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="references">References</h1>
<div id="refs" class="references csl-bib-body hanging-indent">
<div id="ref-R-igraph" class="csl-entry">
<p>Csardi, Gabor, and Tamas Nepusz. 2006. “The Igraph Software Package
for Complex Network Research.” <em>InterJournal</em> Complex Systems:
1695. <a href="https://igraph.org">https://igraph.org</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-R-DataPackageR" class="csl-entry">
<p>Finak, G, B Mayer, W Fulp, P Obrecht, A Sato, E Chung, D Holman, and
R Gottardo. 2018. “DataPackageR: Reproducible Data Preprocessing,
Standardization and Sharing Using r/Bioconductor for Collaborative Data
Analysis [Version 2; Referees: 2 Approved, 1 Approved with
Reservations].” <em>Gates Open Research</em> 2 (31). <a href="https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12832.2">https://doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12832.2</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-R-stringi" class="csl-entry">
<p>Gagolewski, Marek. 2022. “<span class="nocase">stringi</span>: Fast
and Portable Character String Processing in R.” <em>Journal of
Statistical Software</em> 103 (2): 1–59. <a href="https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v103.i02">https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v103.i02</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-hickey2006naco" class="csl-entry">
<p>Hickey, Thomas B., Jenny Toves, and T. O’Neill Edward. 2006. “NACO
Normalization: A Detailed Examination of the Authority File Comparison
Rules.” <em>Library Resources & Technical Services</em> 50 (3):
166–72. <a href="https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/naco-normalization-detailed-examination-authority/docview/216890715/se-2">https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/naco-normalization-detailed-examination-authority/docview/216890715/se-2</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-loc2020descriptive" class="csl-entry">
<p>Library of Congress, Policy, Training, and Cooperative Programs
Division. 2020. “Descriptive Cataloging Manual: Z1: Name and Series
Authority Records.” August 2020. <a href="https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeDCM/DCM/Z01.pdf">https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeDCM/DCM/Z01.pdf</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-R-tibble" class="csl-entry">
<p>Müller, Kirill, and Hadley Wickham. 2023. <em>Tibble: Simple Data
Frames</em>. <a href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tibble">https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tibble</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-R-xslt" class="csl-entry">
<p>Ooms, Jeroen. 2024. <em>Xslt: Extensible Style-Sheet Language
Transformations</em>. <a href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=xslt">https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=xslt</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-R-viafr" class="csl-entry">
<p>Stefanie Schneider, and Alan Engel. 2024. <em>Viafr: (Fork) Interface
to the ’VIAF’ (’Virtual International Authority File’) API</em>. <a href="https://github.com/kijinosu/viafr">https://github.com/kijinosu/viafr</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-R-readxl" class="csl-entry">
<p>Wickham, Hadley, and Jennifer Bryan. 2023. <em>Readxl: Read Excel
Files</em>. <a href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readxl">https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readxl</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-R-dplyr" class="csl-entry">
<p>Wickham, Hadley, Romain François, Lionel Henry, Kirill Müller, and
Davis Vaughan. 2023. <em>Dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation</em>. <a href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr">https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=dplyr</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-R-xml2" class="csl-entry">
<p>Wickham, Hadley, Jim Hester, and Jeroen Ooms. 2023. <em>Xml2: Parse
XML</em>. <a href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=xml2">https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=xml2</a>.</p>
</div>
<div id="ref-R-tidyr" class="csl-entry">
<p>Wickham, Hadley, Davis Vaughan, and Maximilian Girlich. 2024.
<em>Tidyr: Tidy Messy Data</em>. <a href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyr">https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyr</a>.</p>
</div>
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