diff --git a/ring_attention_pytorch/ring.py b/ring_attention_pytorch/ring.py
index cea719b..ffdc007 100644
--- a/ring_attention_pytorch/ring.py
+++ b/ring_attention_pytorch/ring.py
@@ -94,11 +94,12 @@ def null_ring_pass(*tensors, max_iters = None):
 def all_ring_pass(*tensors, max_iters = None):
     world_size = get_world_size()
     max_iters = default(max_iters, world_size)
-    total_iters = min(world_size, max_iters)
 
-    curr_ring_pos = get_rank()
+    # make sure iteration is between 1 and world size
+
+    total_iters = max(1, min(world_size, max_iters))
 
-    assert total_iters > 0
+    curr_ring_pos = get_rank()
 
     for ind in range(total_iters):
         is_last = ind == (total_iters - 1)
diff --git a/ring_attention_pytorch/ring_flash_attention.py b/ring_attention_pytorch/ring_flash_attention.py
index bec219c..81bdb3a 100644
--- a/ring_attention_pytorch/ring_flash_attention.py
+++ b/ring_attention_pytorch/ring_flash_attention.py
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@
     get_rank
 )
 
+from ring_attention_pytorch.rotary import (
+    RotaryEmbedding,
+    apply_rotary_pos_emb
+)
+
 # constants
 
 EPSILON = 1e-10
diff --git a/ring_attention_pytorch/rotary.py b/ring_attention_pytorch/rotary.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b5bc21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ring_attention_pytorch/rotary.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import torch
+from torch import nn, einsum
+from torch.nn import Module
+from torch.cuda.amp import autocast
+
+class RotaryEmbedding(Module):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dim,
+        theta = 10000
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        inv_freq = theta ** -(torch.arange(0, dim, 2).float() / dim)
+        self.register_buffer('inv_freq', inv_freq)
+
+    @autocast(enabled = False)
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        seq_len,
+        offset = 0
+    ):
+        t = torch.arange(seq_len + offset, device = self.inv_freq.device).type_as(self.inv_freq)
+        freqs = torch.einsum('i , j -> i j', t, self.inv_freq)
+        return torch.cat((freqs, freqs), dim = -1)
+
+def rotate_half(x):
+    x1, x2 = x.chunk(2, dim = -1)
+    return torch.cat((-x2, x1), dim=-1)
+
+@autocast(enabled = False)
+def apply_rotary_pos_emb(pos, t):
+    return t * pos.cos() + rotate_half(t) * pos.sin()
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index b8464dd..b468254 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 setup(
   name = 'ring-attention-pytorch',
   packages = find_packages(exclude=[]),
-  version = '0.1.8',
+  version = '0.1.9',
   license='MIT',
   description = 'Ring Attention - Pytorch',
   author = 'Phil Wang',