Top Tree

[make-github-pseudonymous-again]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_tree

Stephen Alstrup, Jacob Holm, Kristian De Lichtenberg, and Mikkel Thorup, Maintaining information in fully dynamic trees with top trees, ACM Transactions on Algorithms (TALG), Vol. 1 (2005), 243–264, doi:10.1145/1103963.1103966
Stephen Alstrup, Jacob Holm, Kristian De Lichtenberg, and Mikkel Thorup, Poly-logarithmic deterministic fully-dynamic algorithms for connectivity, minimum spanning tree, 2-edge, and biconnectivity, Journal of the ACM, Vol. 48 Issue 4(July 2001), 723–760, doi:10.1145/502090.502095
Donald Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming: Fundamental Algorithms, Third Edition. Addison-Wesley, 1997. ISBN 0-201-89683-4 . Section 2.3: Trees, pp. 308–423.
Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. Introduction to Algorithms, Second Edition. MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, 2001. ISBN 0-262-03293-7 . Section 10.4: Representing rooted trees, pp. 214–217. Chapters 12–14 (Binary Search Trees, Red-Black Trees, Augmenting Data Structures), pp. 253–320.
Tree Compression with Top Trees. BILLE, GOERTZ, LANDAU, WEIMANN 2013 arXiv:1304.5702 [cs.DS]