diff --git a/source/module_hamilt_general/operator.cpp b/source/module_hamilt_general/operator.cpp
index c85dac51bd..b6fbfb75c0 100644
--- a/source/module_hamilt_general/operator.cpp
+++ b/source/module_hamilt_general/operator.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ Operator<T, Device>::~Operator()
 template<typename T, typename Device>
 typename Operator<T, Device>::hpsi_info Operator<T, Device>::hPsi(hpsi_info& input) const
 {
-    ModuleBase::timer::tick("Operator", "hPsi");
     using syncmem_op = psi::memory::synchronize_memory_op<T, Device, Device>;
     auto psi_input = std::get<0>(input);
     std::tuple<const T*, int> psi_info = psi_input->to_range(std::get<1>(input));
@@ -50,17 +49,6 @@ typename Operator<T, Device>::hpsi_info Operator<T, Device>::hPsi(hpsi_info& inp
     {
         ModuleBase::WARNING_QUIT("Operator", "please choose correct range of psi for hPsi()!");
     }
-
-    this->act(nbands, psi_input->get_nbasis(), psi_input->npol, tmpsi_in, tmhpsi, psi_input->get_ngk(this->ik));
-    Operator* node((Operator*)this->next_op);
-    while (node != nullptr)
-    {
-        node->act(nbands, psi_input->get_nbasis(), psi_input->npol, tmpsi_in, tmhpsi, psi_input->get_ngk(node->ik));
-        node = (Operator*)(node->next_op);
-    }
-
-    ModuleBase::timer::tick("Operator", "hPsi");
-
     //if in_place, copy temporary hpsi to target hpsi_pointer, then delete hpsi and new a wrapper for return
     T* hpsi_pointer = std::get<2>(input);
     if (this->in_place)
@@ -70,9 +58,33 @@ typename Operator<T, Device>::hpsi_info Operator<T, Device>::hPsi(hpsi_info& inp
         delete this->hpsi;
         this->hpsi = new psi::Psi<T, Device>(hpsi_pointer, *psi_input, 1, nbands / psi_input->npol);
     }
+
+    auto call_act = [&, this](const Operator* op) -> void {
+        switch (act_type)
+        {
+        case 2:
+            op->act(*psi_input, *this->hpsi);
+            break;
+        default:
+            op->act(nbands, psi_input->get_nbasis(), psi_input->npol, tmpsi_in, this->hpsi->get_pointer(), psi_input->get_ngk(op->ik));
+            break;
+        }
+        };
+
+    ModuleBase::timer::tick("Operator", "hPsi");
+    call_act(this);
+    Operator* node((Operator*)this->next_op);
+    while (node != nullptr)
+    {
+        call_act(node);
+        node = (Operator*)(node->next_op);
+    }
+    ModuleBase::timer::tick("Operator", "hPsi");
+
     return hpsi_info(this->hpsi, psi::Range(1, 0, 0, nbands / psi_input->npol), hpsi_pointer);
 }
 
+
 template<typename T, typename Device>
 void Operator<T, Device>::init(const int ik_in) 
 {
diff --git a/source/module_hamilt_general/operator.h b/source/module_hamilt_general/operator.h
index 5634a9b549..fdddf170a6 100644
--- a/source/module_hamilt_general/operator.h
+++ b/source/module_hamilt_general/operator.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ class Operator
 
     ///do operation : |hpsi_choosed> = V|psi_choosed>
     ///V is the target operator act on choosed psi, the consequence should be added to choosed hpsi
+    /// interface type 1: pointer-only (default)
     virtual void act(const int nbands,
         const int nbasis,
         const int npol,
@@ -60,13 +61,17 @@ class Operator
         T* tmhpsi,
         const int ngk_ik = 0)const {};
 
-    /// an developer-friendly interface for act() function
-    virtual psi::Psi<T> act(const psi::Psi<T>& psi_in) const { return psi_in; };
+    /// developer-friendly interfaces for act() function
+    /// interface type 2: input and change the Psi-type HPsi
+    virtual void act(const psi::Psi<T>& psi_in, psi::Psi<T>& psi_out) const {};
+    /// interface type 3: return a Psi-type HPsi
+    // virtual psi::Psi<T> act(const psi::Psi<T>& psi_in) const { return psi_in; };
 
     Operator* next_op = nullptr;
 
-    protected:
+protected:
     int ik = 0;
+    int act_type = 1;   ///< determine which act() interface would be called in hPsi()
 
     mutable bool in_place = false;