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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>d3.explore</title>
<style>
body {
margin: 3em 4em;
}
img {
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>d3.explore</h1>
<ol>
<li>
<h2>
Who are the authors that have participated
in more than 1, 2, 3, or 4 assessment reports?
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/dc.js/web/index.html"
>Answer using dc.js and crossfilter.js</a>
</h3>
<p>
The Total of Assessment Reports for each authors
is presented as a bar chart. The chart doubles as
a filter which allows the selection of a range of
values by dragging the mouse from left to right
from the bar for the start value to the bar for
the end value. The same range of values can also
be selected by dragging the mouse from right to left
from the bar for the end value to the bar for the
start value.
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Selection of a range of values in the bar chart"
src="question01/dc.js-answers/thumbnails/selection.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Summary of the selected range over the bar chart"
src="question01/dc.js-answers/thumbnails/selection-range.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Table with the list of selected contributions grouped by author"
src="question01/dc.js-answers/thumbnails/list-of-authors.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Summary of the number of authors selected and the total number of authors"
src="question01/dc.js-answers/thumbnails/selected-and-total-authors.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
<p>
Initially, the only hint that the bar chart is interactive
is the shape of the cursor which changes to a cross on hover.
After starting a selection, a text appears above the chart
which describes the current range of values, and helps to
understand and to refine the selection process.
</p>
<p>
Once familiar with the way of defining a range of values
however, it is straightforward to select authors who
contributed to more than 2, 3, 4 or 5 assessment reports.
The other charts and the table with the list of authors
get updated on the fly, as well as the number of authors
currently selected, displayed on top of the list.
</p>
<p>
The table lists both authors and their collaborations.
The collaborations are listed as individual records,
grouped under a header with the name of the author
and some statistics: total number of contributions,
of working groups and of assessment reports. Each of
these values is only displayed when greater than 1,
which reduces the amount of information displayed
in the most common cases.
</p>
<p>
The number of records displayed in the table must be limited
to keep the page responsive. The duration required to refresh
the table increases exponentially With the number of records,
freezing the display completely when a large number of authors
and contributions are selected. This limit can be configured
through a list: only 10 contributions are displayed initially
to keep the page responsive while filtering data; the user can
change this value to display more records or the full list at
a later point.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
Who are the authors that have participated
in more than 1, 2, 3, or 4 assessment reports
while holding at least 1 of the 3 elected roles in the IPCC
in each assessment report of participation
(Coordinating Lead Author, Lead Author, Review Editor)?
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/dc.js/web/index.html"
>Answer using dc.js and crossfilter.js</a>
</h3>
<p>
The Distinct Roles pie charts depicts the proportion of
authors holding each role in the range of Total Assessment
Reports currently selected in the bar chart. The subset of
authors holding a role of responsibility can be selected
by clicking each role in the pie chart in turn: CLA for
Coordinating Lead Author, LA for Lead Author, RE for
Review Editor, leaving the last sector unselected.
</p>
<p>
Alternatively, the three roles of responsibility can be
selected at once by clicking the Yes part of the Roles
of Responsibility chart.
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Selection of roles of responsibility role by role"
src="question02/dc.js-answers/thumbnails/distinct-role-selection.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Selection of roles of responsibility as a whole"
src="question02/dc.js-answers/thumbnails/responsibility-role-selection.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
Who are the authors that have participated
in more than one working group (what we call bridge authors)?
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/dc.js/web/index.html"
>Answer using dc.js and crossfilter.js</a>
</h3>
<p>
The row chart Cumulated Working Groups partitions authors
according to the complete set of working groups to which
they contributed. The rows labeled "WG I", "WG II" and
"WG III" show the authors who contributed to a single group.
The remaining rows correspond to the bridge authors which
contributed to more than one working group: "WG I+II",
"WG I+III", "WG II+III", "WG I+II+III".
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Selection of bridge authors in Cumulated Working Groups"
src="question03/dc.js-answers/thumbnails/bridge-authors.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
<p>
Using Cumulated Working Groups avoids the confusion of authors
that belong to multiple working groups. However, another
confusion arises: to select all the authors who contributed
to a working group, 3 different rows must be select; it is
not enough to select WG I, for example, WG I+II and WG I+II+III
must be selected as well.
</p>
<p>
The dynamic range of values introduces another challenge:
when groups with over 1000 authors are represented on the
same chart as groups with only 10 or 15 authors, the rows for
the smallest groups are hardly visible which makes it hard
to click on the rows to select these groups and to identify
the current color of these groups to check whether they are
selected or not. This issue tends to worsen with filters
applied through different charts, which further reduce the
number of authors displayed and thus the length of the rows.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/ipcc.projetmedea.fr/index.html"
>Answer using the IPCC Tool</a>
</h3>
<p>
No filter allows to select only bridge authors in version V0
of the IPCC Tool, but they can be seen as separate dots in
the default visualization, grouping authors by Working Groups,
which shows circular groups corresponding to different
Cumulated Working Groups. Bridge authors are represented as
dots in the following colors: yellow for WG I+II, magenta for
WG I + III, cyan for WG II+III, black for WG I+II+III.
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Visualization of bridge authors in Cumulated Working Groups"
src="question03/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/bridge-authors.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
Are there particular chapters of the IPCC
where these bridge authors tend to aggregate
(i.e. around particular themes)?
</h2>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
What kind of roles do the authors
who participate in more than one working group occupy?
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/dc.js/web/index.html"
>Answer using dc.js and crossfilter.js</a>
</h3>
<p>
After resetting all filters to select only bridge authors
in the row chart "Cumulated Working Groups" as described in
question 3, the pie chart "Distinct Roles" shows the
proportion of authors with each role among bridge authors.
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Distinct roles of bridge authors"
src="question05/dc.js-answers/thumbnails/roles-of-bridge-authors.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
<p>
The depiction of roles on pie charts is misleading: the
authors who endorse a different role for different
contributions belong to more than one section.
While the area of a section is still proportional to the
percentage of authors with a given role, these percentages
do not add up to a total of 100%. To provide a more
accurate representation, the sections should overlap, which
would still be confusing visually.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/ipcc.projetmedea.fr/index.html"
>Answer using the IPCC Tool</a>
</h3>
<p>
The roles of bridge authors can only be seen separately by
selecting each role in turn in the list that displays
"Any Role" initially, while keeping the default grouping
criterion "by Working Groups". Bridge authors are represented
as colored dots, as described in question 3.
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Bridge authors with CLA role (Coordinating Lead Author)"
src="question05/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/bridge-authors-CLA.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Bridge authors with LA role (Lead Author)"
src="question05/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/bridge-authors-LA.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Bridge authors with RE role (Review Editor)"
src="question05/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/bridge-authors-RE.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Bridge authors with CA role (Contributing Author)"
src="question05/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/bridge-authors-CA.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
How does the geographic diversity of IPCC authors change over time?
Is there a rise over time in participation of authors, for example,
from South America compared to Asia?
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/ipcc.projetmedea.fr/index.html"
>Answer using the IPCC Tool</a>
</h3>
<p>
The visualization obtained by grouping "by Country" reflects
the geographic diversity of authors. The evolution over time
can be seen by selecting each assessment report in turn in the
list that displays "Any AR" initially.
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Countries in Assessment Report 1"
src="question06/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/countries-in-AR1.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Countries in Assessment Report 2"
src="question06/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/countries-in-AR2.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Countries in Assessment Report 3"
src="question06/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/countries-in-AR3.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Countries in Assessment Report 4"
src="question06/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/countries-in-AR4.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Countries in Assessment Report 5"
src="question06/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/countries-in-AR5.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/bost.ocks.org/mike/treemap/index.html"
>Answer using a Zoomable Treemap</a>
</h3>
<p>
In the initial view of the treemap, countries are
grouped by region; both are represented as rectangles
with a surface proportional to their number of participations.
Participations can be compared easily as rectangles are
sorted in descending number of participations, and the
evolution over time can be seen incrementally by
selecting each AR in turn using the radio buttons below.
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Radio buttons to select each or all assessment report"
src="question06/treemap-answers/thumbnails/radio-buttons.png"
alt=""
/>
<br/>
<img
title="Participation of countries by region in AR1"
src="question06/treemap-answers/thumbnails/AR1.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Participation of countries by region in AR2"
src="question06/treemap-answers/thumbnails/AR2.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Participation of countries by region in AR3"
src="question06/treemap-answers/thumbnails/AR3.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Participation of countries by region in AR4"
src="question06/treemap-answers/thumbnails/AR4.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Participation of countries by region in AR5"
src="question06/treemap-answers/thumbnails/AR5.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
<p>
In the pictures above, Asia is depicted in orange
and South America in purple.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
Are certain types of institutions
more affiliated with particular countries than others?
</h2>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
Which Least Developed Countries are the most present in the IPCC?
In which working groups?
</h2>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
In which chapters do authors from Africa participate in?
Is there variation between African country participation?
</h2>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
What is the ratio of African Coordinating Lead Authors vs Lead Authors
vs Review Editors vs Contributing Authors?
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/ipcc.projetmedea.fr/index.html"
>Answer using the IPCC Tool</a>
</h3>
<p>
This ratio can be seen in the visualization of authors
grouped "by Role in each Country Aggregation".
The group labeled "AG" corresponds to authors affiliated
with institutions located in a country part of the
"African Group".
</p>
<p>
In this visualization, each role is represented with
a different color,
cyan for CLA (Contributing Lead Authors),
blue for LA (Lead Authors),
Green for RE (Review Editors),
red for CA (Contributing Authors),
while authors with multiple roles are shown in black.
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Roles of authors affiliated with institutions located in countries of the African Group"
src="question10/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/AG-in-Roles-by-Country-Aggregations.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
What are the individual trajectories of those authors
that have participated in over 14 chapters in the IPCC?
How do these trajectories compare?
Are there similar trends in terms of roles held;
country of affiliation; etc?
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/ipcc.projetmedea.fr/index.html"
>Answer using the IPCC Tool</a>
</h3>
<p>
The list with the initial value "1 contribution"
lists the number of authors for each total number
of contributions. There is no entry for 14 contributions,
the next entry, for 15 contributions or more, selects
only 4 authors.
</p>
<p>
With this selection, grouping "by Working Group (WG)
in each Assessment Report (AR)" shows the trajectory
of these authors over time, however not the individual
trajectory in version V0 of the IPCC Tool.
</p>
<p>
The roles held by selected authors can be seen by grouping
these authors "by Role in each Assessment Report (AR)"
and their countries of affiliation can be seen by grouping
the authors "by Country".
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Working Groups of authors with 15 contributions or more"
src="question11/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/15-contributions-or-more-Working-Groups-by-Assessment-Report.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Roles of authors with 15 contributions or more"
src="question11/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/15-contributions-or-more-Roles-by-Assessment-Report.png"
alt=""
/>
<img
title="Countries of authors with 15 contributions or more"
src="question11/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/15-contributions-or-more-Countries.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
Where are French authors on the IPCC?
To which chapters do they contribute the most?
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<h3>
<a href="sub/ipcc.projetmedea.fr/index.html"
>Answer using the IPCC Tool</a>
</h3>
<p>
Authors affiliated with an institution located in France
can be selected by picking "France" in the list which
displays "Any Country" initially.
</p>
<p>
These authors are not necessarily French, since
all authors working at French branches of international
institutions such as the OECD (Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development) or the World Bank are
included in this selection.
</p>
<p>
There is no visualization of contributions per chapter
in version V0 of the IPCC Tool; the closest grouping is
the default grouping by Working Group.
</p>
<p>
<img
title="Working Groups of authors affiliated with an institution located in France"
src="question12/ipcc-tool-answers/thumbnails/France-Working-Groups.png"
alt=""
/>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
Which countries have increased their participation in the IPCC
and which have decreased their participation over time?
</h2>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
Which institutions have increased or decreased the most
in participation over time?
</h2>
</li>
<li>
<h2>
What are the differences in diversity (by country and by institution)
between the working groups?
</h2>
</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>