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NEAR NFT-Tutorial

Welcome to NEAR's NFT tutorial, where we will help you parse the details around NEAR's NEP-171 standard (Non-Fungible Token Standard), and show you how to build your own NFT smart contract from the ground up, improving your understanding about the NFT standard along the way.

Prerequisites

Tutorial Stages

Each branch you will find in this repo corresponds to various stages of this tutorial with a partially completed contract at each stage. You are welcome to start from any stage you want to learn the most about.

Branch Docs Tutorial Description
1.skeleton Contract Architecture You'll learn the basic architecture of the NFT smart contract, and you'll compile this skeleton code with the Rust toolchain.
2.minting Minting Here you'll flesh out the skeleton so the smart contract can mint a non-fungible token
3.enumeration Enumeration Here you'll find different enumeration methods that can be used to return the smart contract's states.
4.core Core In this tutorial you'll extend the NFT contract using the core standard, which will allow you to transfer non-fungible tokens.
5.approval Approval Here you'll expand the contract allowing other accounts to transfer NFTs on your behalf.
6.royalty Royalty Here you'll add the ability for non-fungible tokens to have royalties. This will allow people to get a percentage of the purchase price when an NFT is purchased.
7.events Events This allows indexers to know what functions are being called and make it easier and more reliable to keep track of information that can be used to populate the collectibles tab in the wallet for example. (tutorial docs have yet to be implemented )
8.marketplace Marketplace Get a comprehensive understanding of how an NFT marketplace contract can be built on NEAR through this tutorial. This contract facilitates the buying and selling of non-fungible tokens with $NEAR.

The tutorial series also contains a very helpful section on Upgrading Smart Contracts. Definitely go and check it out as this is a common pain point.

Quick-Start

If you want to see the full completed contract go ahead and clone and build this repo using

git clone https://github.com/near-examples/nft-tutorial.git 
cd nft-tutorial
git switch 6.royalty
yarn build

Now that you've cloned and built the contract we can try a few things.

Mint An NFT

Once you've created your near wallet go ahead and login to your wallet with your cli and follow the on-screen prompts

near login

Once your logged in you have to deploy the contract. Make a subaccount with the name of your choosing

near create-account nft-example.your-account.testnet --masterAccount your-account.testnet --initialBalance 10

After you've created your sub account deploy the contract to that sub account, set this variable to your sub account name

NFT_CONTRACT_ID=nft-example.your-account.testnet

MAIN_ACCOUNT=your-account.testnet

Verify your new variable has the correct value

echo $NFT_CONTRACT_ID

echo $MAIN_ACCOUNT

Deploy Your Contract

near deploy --accountId $NFT_CONTRACT_ID --wasmFile out/main.wasm

Initialize Your Contract

near call $NFT_CONTRACT_ID new_default_meta '{"owner_id": "'$NFT_CONTRACT_ID'"}' --accountId $NFT_CONTRACT_ID

View Contracts Meta Data

near view $NFT_CONTRACT_ID nft_metadata

Minting Token

near call $NFT_CONTRACT_ID nft_mint '{"token_id": "token-1", "metadata": {"title": "My Non Fungible Team Token", "description": "The Team Most Certainly Goes :)", "media": "https://bafybeiftczwrtyr3k7a2k4vutd3amkwsmaqyhrdzlhvpt33dyjivufqusq.ipfs.dweb.link/goteam-gif.gif"}, "receiver_id": "'$MAIN_ACCOUNT'"}' --accountId $MAIN_ACCOUNT --amount 0.1

After you've minted the token go to wallet.testnet.near.org to your-account.testnet and look in the collections tab and check out your new sample NFT!

View NFT Information

After you've minted your NFT you can make a view call to get a response containing the token_id owner_id and the metadata

near view $NFT_CONTRACT_ID nft_token '{"token_id": "token-1"}'

Transfering NFTs

To transfer an NFT go ahead and make another testnet wallet account.

Then run the following

MAIN_ACCOUNT_2=your-second-wallet-account.testnet

Verify the correct variable names with this

echo $NFT_CONTRACT_ID

echo $MAIN_ACCOUNT

echo $MAIN_ACCOUNT_2

To initiate the transfer..

near call $NFT_CONTRACT_ID nft_transfer '{"receiver_id": "$MAIN_ACCOUNT_2", "token_id": "token-1", "memo": "Go Team :)"}' --accountId $MAIN_ACCOUNT --depositYocto 1

In this call you are depositing 1 yoctoNEAR for security and so that the user will be redirected to the NEAR wallet.

Errata

Large Changes:

  • 2022-06-21: updated the rust SDK to version 4.0.0. PR found here

  • 2022-02-12: updated the enumeration methods nft_tokens and nft_tokens_for_owner to no longer use any to_vector operations to save GAS. In addition, the default limit was changed from 0 to 50. PR found here.

Small Changes:

  • 2022-02-22: changed token_id parameter type in nft_payout from String to TokenId for consistency as per pythonicode's suggestion