diff --git a/doc/api/crypto.md b/doc/api/crypto.md
index 2f11a947d0b98e..49afd4e6164d01 100644
--- a/doc/api/crypto.md
+++ b/doc/api/crypto.md
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ console.log(cert.verifySpkac(Buffer.from(spkac)));
 // Prints: true or false
 ```
 
-## Class: `Cipher`
+## Class: `Cipheriv`
 
 <!-- YAML
 added: v0.1.94
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ added: v0.1.94
 
 * Extends: {stream.Transform}
 
-Instances of the `Cipher` class are used to encrypt data. The class can be
+Instances of the `Cipheriv` class are used to encrypt data. The class can be
 used in one of two ways:
 
 * As a [stream][] that is both readable and writable, where plain unencrypted
@@ -320,10 +320,10 @@ used in one of two ways:
   the encrypted data.
 
 The [`crypto.createCipheriv()`][] method is
-used to create `Cipher` instances. `Cipher` objects are not to be created
+used to create `Cipheriv` instances. `Cipheriv` objects are not to be created
 directly using the `new` keyword.
 
-Example: Using `Cipher` objects as streams:
+Example: Using `Cipheriv` objects as streams:
 
 ```mjs
 const {
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ scrypt(password, 'salt', 24, (err, key) => {
 });
 ```
 
-Example: Using `Cipher` and piped streams:
+Example: Using `Cipheriv` and piped streams:
 
 ```mjs
 import {
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ added: v0.1.94
   If `outputEncoding` is specified, a string is
   returned. If an `outputEncoding` is not provided, a [`Buffer`][] is returned.
 
-Once the `cipher.final()` method has been called, the `Cipher` object can no
+Once the `cipher.final()` method has been called, the `Cipheriv` object can no
 longer be used to encrypt data. Attempts to call `cipher.final()` more than
 once will result in an error being thrown.
 
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ added: v1.0.0
 * `options` {Object} [`stream.transform` options][]
   * `plaintextLength` {number}
   * `encoding` {string} The string encoding to use when `buffer` is a string.
-* Returns: {Cipher} The same `Cipher` instance for method chaining.
+* Returns: {Cipher} The same `Cipheriv` instance for method chaining.
 
 When using an authenticated encryption mode (`GCM`, `CCM`, `OCB`, and
 `chacha20-poly1305` are
@@ -590,9 +590,9 @@ added: v0.7.1
 -->
 
 * `autoPadding` {boolean} **Default:** `true`
-* Returns: {Cipher} The same `Cipher` instance for method chaining.
+* Returns: {Cipher} The same `Cipheriv` instance for method chaining.
 
-When using block encryption algorithms, the `Cipher` class will automatically
+When using block encryption algorithms, the `Cipheriv` class will automatically
 add padding to the input data to the appropriate block size. To disable the
 default padding call `cipher.setAutoPadding(false)`.
 
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ The `cipher.update()` method can be called multiple times with new data until
 [`cipher.final()`][] is called. Calling `cipher.update()` after
 [`cipher.final()`][] will result in an error being thrown.
 
-## Class: `Decipher`
+## Class: `Decipheriv`
 
 <!-- YAML
 added: v0.1.94
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ added: v0.1.94
 
 * Extends: {stream.Transform}
 
-Instances of the `Decipher` class are used to decrypt data. The class can be
+Instances of the `Decipheriv` class are used to decrypt data. The class can be
 used in one of two ways:
 
 * As a [stream][] that is both readable and writable, where plain encrypted
@@ -652,10 +652,10 @@ used in one of two ways:
   produce the unencrypted data.
 
 The [`crypto.createDecipheriv()`][] method is
-used to create `Decipher` instances. `Decipher` objects are not to be created
+used to create `Decipheriv` instances. `Decipheriv` objects are not to be created
 directly using the `new` keyword.
 
-Example: Using `Decipher` objects as streams:
+Example: Using `Decipheriv` objects as streams:
 
 ```mjs
 import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ decipher.write(encrypted, 'hex');
 decipher.end();
 ```
 
-Example: Using `Decipher` and piped streams:
+Example: Using `Decipheriv` and piped streams:
 
 ```mjs
 import {
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ added: v0.1.94
   If `outputEncoding` is specified, a string is
   returned. If an `outputEncoding` is not provided, a [`Buffer`][] is returned.
 
-Once the `decipher.final()` method has been called, the `Decipher` object can
+Once the `decipher.final()` method has been called, the `Decipheriv` object can
 no longer be used to decrypt data. Attempts to call `decipher.final()` more
 than once will result in an error being thrown.
 
@@ -3038,7 +3038,7 @@ changes:
 * `options` {Object} [`stream.transform` options][]
 * Returns: {Cipher}
 
-Creates and returns a `Cipher` object, with the given `algorithm`, `key` and
+Creates and returns a `Cipheriv` object, with the given `algorithm`, `key` and
 initialization vector (`iv`).
 
 The `options` argument controls stream behavior and is optional except when a
@@ -3108,7 +3108,7 @@ changes:
 * `options` {Object} [`stream.transform` options][]
 * Returns: {Decipher}
 
-Creates and returns a `Decipher` object that uses the given `algorithm`, `key`
+Creates and returns a `Decipheriv` object that uses the given `algorithm`, `key`
 and initialization vector (`iv`).
 
 The `options` argument controls stream behavior and is optional except when a
diff --git a/doc/api/deprecations.md b/doc/api/deprecations.md
index a2827f3d476785..dbcca353f16ab2 100644
--- a/doc/api/deprecations.md
+++ b/doc/api/deprecations.md
@@ -2276,7 +2276,7 @@ initialization vectors.
 It is recommended to derive a key using
 [`crypto.pbkdf2()`][] or [`crypto.scrypt()`][] with random salts and to use
 [`crypto.createCipheriv()`][] and [`crypto.createDecipheriv()`][] to obtain the
-[`Cipher`][] and [`Decipher`][] objects respectively.
+[`Cipheriv`][] and [`Decipheriv`][] objects respectively.
 
 ### DEP0107: `tls.convertNPNProtocols()`
 
@@ -3840,6 +3840,20 @@ Type: Documentation-only
 `process.features.tls_alpn`, `process.features.tls_ocsp`, and `process.features.tls_sni` are
 deprecated, as their values are guaranteed to be identical to that of `process.features.tls`.
 
+### DEP0190: Instantiating `node:crypto` `Cipheriv` and `Decipheriv` classes without `new`
+
+<!-- YAML
+changes:
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/57268
+    description: Runtime deprecation.
+-->
+
+Type: Runtime
+
+Instantiating the [`Cipheriv`][] and [`Decipheriv`][] classes exported by the `node:crypto`
+module is deprecated.
+
 [NIST SP 800-38D]: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-38d.pdf
 [RFC 6066]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6066#section-3
 [RFC 8247 Section 2.4]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8247#section-2.4
@@ -3854,8 +3868,8 @@ deprecated, as their values are guaranteed to be identical to that of `process.f
 [`Buffer.from(array)`]: buffer.md#static-method-bufferfromarray
 [`Buffer.from(buffer)`]: buffer.md#static-method-bufferfrombuffer
 [`Buffer.isBuffer()`]: buffer.md#static-method-bufferisbufferobj
-[`Cipher`]: crypto.md#class-cipher
-[`Decipher`]: crypto.md#class-decipher
+[`Cipheriv`]: crypto.md#class-cipheriv
+[`Decipheriv`]: crypto.md#class-decipheriv
 [`REPLServer.clearBufferedCommand()`]: repl.md#replserverclearbufferedcommand
 [`ReadStream.open()`]: fs.md#class-fsreadstream
 [`Server.getConnections()`]: net.md#servergetconnectionscallback
diff --git a/lib/crypto.js b/lib/crypto.js
index 943f7e49741348..8e0c39f756a72b 100644
--- a/lib/crypto.js
+++ b/lib/crypto.js
@@ -88,9 +88,7 @@ const {
   diffieHellman,
 } = require('internal/crypto/diffiehellman');
 const {
-  Cipher,
   Cipheriv,
-  Decipher,
   Decipheriv,
   privateDecrypt,
   privateEncrypt,
@@ -224,9 +222,7 @@ module.exports = {
 
   // Classes
   Certificate,
-  Cipher,
   Cipheriv,
-  Decipher,
   Decipheriv,
   DiffieHellman,
   DiffieHellmanGroup,
diff --git a/lib/internal/crypto/cipher.js b/lib/internal/crypto/cipher.js
index c303e2fa311a0e..8c6ea80e557a38 100644
--- a/lib/internal/crypto/cipher.js
+++ b/lib/internal/crypto/cipher.js
@@ -58,7 +58,10 @@ const assert = require('internal/assert');
 
 const LazyTransform = require('internal/streams/lazy_transform');
 
-const { normalizeEncoding } = require('internal/util');
+const {
+  normalizeEncoding,
+  deprecateInstantiation,
+} = require('internal/util');
 
 const { StringDecoder } = require('string_decoder');
 
@@ -138,20 +141,12 @@ function createCipherWithIV(cipher, key, options, decipher, iv) {
 // the Cipher class is defined using the legacy function syntax rather than
 // ES6 classes.
 
-function Cipher(cipher, password, options) {
-  if (!(this instanceof Cipher))
-    return new Cipher(cipher, password, options);
-}
-
-ObjectSetPrototypeOf(Cipher.prototype, LazyTransform.prototype);
-ObjectSetPrototypeOf(Cipher, LazyTransform);
-
-Cipher.prototype._transform = function _transform(chunk, encoding, callback) {
+function _transform(chunk, encoding, callback) {
   this.push(this[kHandle].update(chunk, encoding));
   callback();
 };
 
-Cipher.prototype._flush = function _flush(callback) {
+function _flush(callback) {
   try {
     this.push(this[kHandle].final());
   } catch (e) {
@@ -161,7 +156,7 @@ Cipher.prototype._flush = function _flush(callback) {
   callback();
 };
 
-Cipher.prototype.update = function update(data, inputEncoding, outputEncoding) {
+function update(data, inputEncoding, outputEncoding) {
   if (typeof data === 'string') {
     validateEncoding(data, inputEncoding);
   } else if (!isArrayBufferView(data)) {
@@ -179,8 +174,7 @@ Cipher.prototype.update = function update(data, inputEncoding, outputEncoding) {
   return ret;
 };
 
-
-Cipher.prototype.final = function final(outputEncoding) {
+function final(outputEncoding) {
   const ret = this[kHandle].final();
 
   if (outputEncoding && outputEncoding !== 'buffer') {
@@ -191,21 +185,19 @@ Cipher.prototype.final = function final(outputEncoding) {
   return ret;
 };
 
-
-Cipher.prototype.setAutoPadding = function setAutoPadding(ap) {
+function setAutoPadding(ap) {
   if (!this[kHandle].setAutoPadding(!!ap))
     throw new ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_STATE('setAutoPadding');
   return this;
 };
 
-Cipher.prototype.getAuthTag = function getAuthTag() {
+function getAuthTag() {
   const ret = this[kHandle].getAuthTag();
   if (ret === undefined)
     throw new ERR_CRYPTO_INVALID_STATE('getAuthTag');
   return ret;
 };
 
-
 function setAuthTag(tagbuf, encoding) {
   tagbuf = getArrayBufferOrView(tagbuf, 'buffer', encoding);
   if (!this[kHandle].setAuthTag(tagbuf))
@@ -213,7 +205,7 @@ function setAuthTag(tagbuf, encoding) {
   return this;
 }
 
-Cipher.prototype.setAAD = function setAAD(aadbuf, options) {
+function setAAD(aadbuf, options) {
   const encoding = getStringOption(options, 'encoding');
   const plaintextLength = getUIntOption(options, 'plaintextLength');
   aadbuf = getArrayBufferOrView(aadbuf, 'aadbuf', encoding);
@@ -228,52 +220,39 @@ Cipher.prototype.setAAD = function setAAD(aadbuf, options) {
 // ES6 classes.
 
 function Cipheriv(cipher, key, iv, options) {
-  if (!(this instanceof Cipheriv))
-    return new Cipheriv(cipher, key, iv, options);
+  if (!(this instanceof Cipheriv)) {
+    return deprecateInstantiation(Cipheriv, 'DEP0190', cipher, key, iv, options);
+  }
 
   ReflectApply(createCipherWithIV, this, [cipher, key, options, true, iv]);
 }
 
 function addCipherPrototypeFunctions(constructor) {
-  constructor.prototype._transform = Cipher.prototype._transform;
-  constructor.prototype._flush = Cipher.prototype._flush;
-  constructor.prototype.update = Cipher.prototype.update;
-  constructor.prototype.final = Cipher.prototype.final;
-  constructor.prototype.setAutoPadding = Cipher.prototype.setAutoPadding;
+  constructor.prototype._transform = _transform;
+  constructor.prototype._flush = _flush;
+  constructor.prototype.update = update;
+  constructor.prototype.final = final;
+  constructor.prototype.setAutoPadding = setAutoPadding;
   if (constructor === Cipheriv) {
-    constructor.prototype.getAuthTag = Cipher.prototype.getAuthTag;
+    constructor.prototype.getAuthTag = getAuthTag;
   } else {
     constructor.prototype.setAuthTag = setAuthTag;
   }
-  constructor.prototype.setAAD = Cipher.prototype.setAAD;
+  constructor.prototype.setAAD = setAAD;
 }
 
 ObjectSetPrototypeOf(Cipheriv.prototype, LazyTransform.prototype);
 ObjectSetPrototypeOf(Cipheriv, LazyTransform);
 addCipherPrototypeFunctions(Cipheriv);
 
-// The Decipher class is part of the legacy Node.js crypto API. It exposes
-// a stream-based encryption/decryption model. For backwards compatibility
-// the Decipher class is defined using the legacy function syntax rather than
-// ES6 classes.
-
-function Decipher(cipher, password, options) {
-  if (!(this instanceof Decipher))
-    return new Decipher(cipher, password, options);
-}
-
-ObjectSetPrototypeOf(Decipher.prototype, LazyTransform.prototype);
-ObjectSetPrototypeOf(Decipher, LazyTransform);
-addCipherPrototypeFunctions(Decipher);
-
 // The Decipheriv class is part of the legacy Node.js crypto API. It exposes
 // a stream-based encryption/decryption model. For backwards compatibility
 // the Decipheriv class is defined using the legacy function syntax rather than
 // ES6 classes.
-
 function Decipheriv(cipher, key, iv, options) {
-  if (!(this instanceof Decipheriv))
-    return new Decipheriv(cipher, key, iv, options);
+  if (!(this instanceof Decipheriv)) {
+    return deprecateInstantiation(Decipheriv, 'DEP0190', cipher, key, iv, options);
+  }
 
   ReflectApply(createCipherWithIV, this, [cipher, key, options, false, iv]);
 }
diff --git a/tools/doc/type-parser.mjs b/tools/doc/type-parser.mjs
index 84019d56f73700..a79bf6596def3f 100644
--- a/tools/doc/type-parser.mjs
+++ b/tools/doc/type-parser.mjs
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ const customTypesMap = {
 
   'cluster.Worker': 'cluster.html#class-worker',
 
-  'Cipher': 'crypto.html#class-cipher',
-  'Decipher': 'crypto.html#class-decipher',
+  'Cipheriv': 'crypto.html#class-cipheriv',
+  'Decipheriv': 'crypto.html#class-decipheriv',
   'DiffieHellman': 'crypto.html#class-diffiehellman',
   'DiffieHellmanGroup': 'crypto.html#class-diffiehellmangroup',
   'ECDH': 'crypto.html#class-ecdh',