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<nav id="TOC" role="doc-toc" class="toc-active">
<h2 id="toc-title">Table of contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#introduction" id="toc-introduction" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#introduction"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#description" id="toc-description" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#description"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Description</a></li>
<li><a href="#keywords" id="toc-keywords" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#keywords"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Keywords</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#with-a-breakdown-of-the-keywords" id="toc-with-a-breakdown-of-the-keywords" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#with-a-breakdown-of-the-keywords"><span class="header-section-number">3.1</span> With a breakdown of the keywords</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#structural-topic-model-stm" id="toc-structural-topic-model-stm" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#structural-topic-model-stm"><span class="header-section-number">4</span> Structural topic model (STM)</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#data-preparation" id="toc-data-preparation" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#data-preparation"><span class="header-section-number">4.1</span> Data preparation</a></li>
<li><a href="#estimation" id="toc-estimation" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#estimation"><span class="header-section-number">4.2</span> Estimation</a></li>
<li><a href="#topics-description-beta" id="toc-topics-description-beta" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#topics-description-beta"><span class="header-section-number">4.3</span> Topics’ description (beta)</a></li>
<li><a href="#prevalence-description-beta" id="toc-prevalence-description-beta" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#prevalence-description-beta"><span class="header-section-number">4.4</span> Prevalence description (beta)</a></li>
<li><a href="#the-law-of-entropy" id="toc-the-law-of-entropy" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#the-law-of-entropy"><span class="header-section-number">4.5</span> The law of entropy</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#networks-of-authors" id="toc-networks-of-authors" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#networks-of-authors"><span class="header-section-number">5</span> Networks of authors</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#check-name-of-authors" id="toc-check-name-of-authors" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#check-name-of-authors"><span class="header-section-number">5.1</span> Check name of authors</a></li>
<li><a href="#correct-the-duplicate-names" id="toc-correct-the-duplicate-names" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#correct-the-duplicate-names"><span class="header-section-number">5.2</span> Correct the duplicate names</a></li>
<li><a href="#verification-of-duplicate-names" id="toc-verification-of-duplicate-names" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#verification-of-duplicate-names"><span class="header-section-number">5.3</span> Verification of duplicate names</a></li>
<li><a href="#construct-the-networks" id="toc-construct-the-networks" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#construct-the-networks"><span class="header-section-number">5.4</span> Construct the networks</a></li>
<li><a href="#create-the-overall-network-from-1996-to-2023" id="toc-create-the-overall-network-from-1996-to-2023" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#create-the-overall-network-from-1996-to-2023"><span class="header-section-number">5.5</span> Create the overall network (from 1996 to 2023)</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#analysis-of-the-networks" id="toc-analysis-of-the-networks" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#analysis-of-the-networks"><span class="header-section-number">6</span> Analysis of the networks</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#an-interesting-metric-the-graph-density" id="toc-an-interesting-metric-the-graph-density" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#an-interesting-metric-the-graph-density"><span class="header-section-number">6.1</span> An interesting metric: the graph density</a></li>
<li><a href="#communities" id="toc-communities" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#communities"><span class="header-section-number">6.2</span> Communities</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#pareto-chart-of-citations-per-community" id="toc-pareto-chart-of-citations-per-community" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#pareto-chart-of-citations-per-community"><span class="header-section-number">6.2.1</span> Pareto chart of citations per community</a></li>
<li><a href="#proportion-of-the-top-5-communities-in-terms-of-citations-and-authors" id="toc-proportion-of-the-top-5-communities-in-terms-of-citations-and-authors" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#proportion-of-the-top-5-communities-in-terms-of-citations-and-authors"><span class="header-section-number">6.2.2</span> Proportion of the top 5 communities in terms of citations and authors</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
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<main class="content page-columns page-full" id="quarto-document-content">
<header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
<div class="quarto-title">
<div class="quarto-title-block"><div><h1 class="title">Systematic Literature Review</h1><button type="button" class="btn code-tools-button dropdown-toggle" id="quarto-code-tools-menu" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false"><i class="bi"></i> Code</button><ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end" aria-labelelledby="quarto-code-tools-menu"><li><a id="quarto-show-all-code" class="dropdown-item" href="javascript:void(0)" role="button">Show All Code</a></li><li><a id="quarto-hide-all-code" class="dropdown-item" href="javascript:void(0)" role="button">Hide All Code</a></li><li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li><li><a id="quarto-view-source" class="dropdown-item" href="javascript:void(0)" role="button">View Source</a></li></ul></div></div>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-author">
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Authors</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Affiliation</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="author">Olivier Caron </p>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="affiliation">
Paris Dauphine - PSL
</p>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="author">Christophe Benavent </p>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="affiliation">
Paris Dauphine - PSL
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta">
<div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-heading">Published</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta-contents">
<p class="date">December 13, 2023</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<section id="introduction" class="level1" data-number="1">
<h1 data-number="1"><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Introduction</h1>
<div class="cell">
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ape)</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(cowplot)</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(DT)</span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggcorrplot)</span>
<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggplot2)</span>
<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggrepel)</span>
<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggthemes)</span>
<span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggwordcloud)</span>
<span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(gt)</span>
<span id="cb1-10"><a href="#cb1-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(heatmaply)</span>
<span id="cb1-11"><a href="#cb1-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(Hmisc)</span>
<span id="cb1-12"><a href="#cb1-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(plotly)</span>
<span id="cb1-13"><a href="#cb1-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(quanteda)</span>
<span id="cb1-14"><a href="#cb1-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(quanteda.textmodels)</span>
<span id="cb1-15"><a href="#cb1-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(quanteda.textstats)</span>
<span id="cb1-16"><a href="#cb1-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(RColorBrewer)</span>
<span id="cb1-17"><a href="#cb1-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(reactable)</span>
<span id="cb1-18"><a href="#cb1-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(reticulate)</span>
<span id="cb1-19"><a href="#cb1-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(Rtsne)</span>
<span id="cb1-20"><a href="#cb1-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(splitstackshape)</span>
<span id="cb1-21"><a href="#cb1-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyr)</span>
<span id="cb1-22"><a href="#cb1-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(webshot)</span>
<span id="cb1-23"><a href="#cb1-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(wesanderson)</span>
<span id="cb1-24"><a href="#cb1-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(word2vec)</span>
<span id="cb1-25"><a href="#cb1-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-26"><a href="#cb1-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">theme_set</span>(<span class="fu">theme_minimal</span>())</span>
<span id="cb1-27"><a href="#cb1-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-28"><a href="#cb1-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb1-29"><a href="#cb1-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">read_delim</span>(<span class="st">"nlp_full_data_final_18-08-2023.csv"</span>,<span class="at">delim =</span> <span class="st">";"</span>, </span>
<span id="cb1-30"><a href="#cb1-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">escape_double =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>, <span class="at">trim_ws =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-31"><a href="#cb1-31" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">5</span>,<span class="dv">7</span>,<span class="dv">8</span>, <span class="dv">14</span>, <span class="dv">15</span>,<span class="dv">16</span>,<span class="dv">21</span>,<span class="dv">23</span>,<span class="dv">32</span>,<span class="dv">33</span>,<span class="dv">39</span>,<span class="dv">40</span>,<span class="dv">51</span>,<span class="dv">52</span>,<span class="dv">53</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-32"><a href="#cb1-32" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(entry_number) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-33"><a href="#cb1-33" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="fu">row_number</span>()<span class="sc">==</span><span class="dv">1</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-34"><a href="#cb1-34" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">rename</span>(<span class="at">id=</span><span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="at">title =</span><span class="dv">8</span>, <span class="at">review=</span><span class="dv">9</span>, <span class="at">text=</span><span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="at">keywords =</span><span class="dv">13</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-35"><a href="#cb1-35" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-36"><a href="#cb1-36" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df<span class="sc">$</span>review2<span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">ifelse</span>(<span class="fu">str_detect</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>review,<span class="st">"Proceedings"</span>)<span class="sc">==</span><span class="cn">TRUE</span>, <span class="st">"out"</span>, df<span class="sc">$</span>review)</span>
<span id="cb1-37"><a href="#cb1-37" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df<span class="sc">$</span>review2<span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">ifelse</span>(<span class="fu">str_detect</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>review2, <span class="st">"Conference"</span>)<span class="sc">==</span><span class="cn">TRUE</span>, <span class="st">"out"</span>, df<span class="sc">$</span>review2)</span>
<span id="cb1-38"><a href="#cb1-38" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df<span class="sc">$</span>review2<span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">ifelse</span>(<span class="fu">str_detect</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>review2, <span class="st">"Transactions"</span>)<span class="sc">==</span><span class="cn">TRUE</span>, <span class="st">"out"</span>, df<span class="sc">$</span>review2)</span>
<span id="cb1-39"><a href="#cb1-39" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-40"><a href="#cb1-40" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># for the networks</span></span>
<span id="cb1-41"><a href="#cb1-41" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>list_articles <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">read_csv2</span>(<span class="st">"nlp_full_data_final_18-08-2023.csv"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-42"><a href="#cb1-42" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">5</span>,<span class="dv">7</span>,<span class="dv">8</span>, <span class="dv">14</span>, <span class="dv">15</span>,<span class="dv">16</span>,<span class="dv">21</span>,<span class="dv">23</span>,<span class="dv">32</span>,<span class="dv">33</span>,<span class="dv">39</span>,<span class="dv">40</span>,<span class="dv">51</span>,<span class="dv">52</span>,<span class="dv">53</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb1-43"><a href="#cb1-43" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">rename</span>(<span class="at">id=</span><span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="at">title =</span><span class="dv">8</span>, <span class="at">review=</span><span class="dv">9</span>, <span class="at">text=</span><span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="at">keywords =</span><span class="dv">13</span>)</span>
<span id="cb1-44"><a href="#cb1-44" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-45"><a href="#cb1-45" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>list_articles<span class="sc">$</span>review2<span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">ifelse</span>(<span class="fu">str_detect</span>(list_articles<span class="sc">$</span>review,<span class="st">"Proceedings"</span>)<span class="sc">==</span><span class="cn">TRUE</span>, <span class="st">"out"</span>, list_articles<span class="sc">$</span>review)</span>
<span id="cb1-46"><a href="#cb1-46" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>list_articles<span class="sc">$</span>review2<span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">ifelse</span>(<span class="fu">str_detect</span>(list_articles<span class="sc">$</span>review2, <span class="st">"Conference"</span>)<span class="sc">==</span><span class="cn">TRUE</span>, <span class="st">"out"</span>, list_articles<span class="sc">$</span>review2)</span>
<span id="cb1-47"><a href="#cb1-47" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>list_articles<span class="sc">$</span>review2<span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">ifelse</span>(<span class="fu">str_detect</span>(list_articles<span class="sc">$</span>review2, <span class="st">"Transactions"</span>)<span class="sc">==</span><span class="cn">TRUE</span>, <span class="st">"out"</span>, list_articles<span class="sc">$</span>review2)</span>
<span id="cb1-48"><a href="#cb1-48" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>list_articles <span class="ot"><-</span> list_articles <span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">filter</span>(review2 <span class="sc">!=</span><span class="st">"out"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode python code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode python"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> community <span class="im">as</span> community_louvain</span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> pandas <span class="im">as</span> pd</span>
<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> numpy <span class="im">as</span> np</span>
<span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> networkx <span class="im">as</span> nx</span>
<span id="cb2-5"><a href="#cb2-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> matplotlib.pyplot <span class="im">as</span> plt</span>
<span id="cb2-6"><a href="#cb2-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> plotly.express <span class="im">as</span> px</span>
<span id="cb2-7"><a href="#cb2-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">import</span> re</span>
<span id="cb2-8"><a href="#cb2-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-9"><a href="#cb2-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> ipysigma <span class="im">import</span> Sigma, SigmaGrid</span>
<span id="cb2-10"><a href="#cb2-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> pyvis.network <span class="im">import</span> Network</span>
<span id="cb2-11"><a href="#cb2-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> itertools <span class="im">import</span> combinations</span>
<span id="cb2-12"><a href="#cb2-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> datetime <span class="im">import</span> datetime</span>
<span id="cb2-13"><a href="#cb2-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="im">from</span> functools <span class="im">import</span> partial</span>
<span id="cb2-14"><a href="#cb2-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-15"><a href="#cb2-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>list_articles <span class="op">=</span> r.list_articles</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
</div>
</section>
<section id="description" class="level1 page-columns page-full" data-number="2">
<h1 data-number="2"><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Description</h1>
<div class="cell page-columns page-full">
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df<span class="ot"><-</span> df<span class="sc">%>%</span><span class="fu">filter</span>(review2 <span class="sc">!=</span><span class="st">"out"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>t0 <span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">as.data.frame</span>(<span class="fu">table</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>review2))<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(Freq<span class="sc">></span><span class="dv">3</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>g01 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(t0, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span><span class="fu">reorder</span>(Var1, Freq), <span class="at">y=</span>Freq)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_bar</span>(<span class="at">stat=</span><span class="st">"identity"</span>, <span class="at">fill=</span><span class="st">"steelblue"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">coord_flip</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-8"><a href="#cb3-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme_minimal</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-9"><a href="#cb3-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">title=</span><span class="st">"Number of Articles per Journal"</span>, <span class="at">y=</span><span class="st">"Proportion"</span>, <span class="at">x=</span><span class="st">""</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-10"><a href="#cb3-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme</span>(</span>
<span id="cb3-11"><a href="#cb3-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">axis.title.y =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb3-12"><a href="#cb3-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">axis.text.y =</span> <span class="fu">element_text</span>(<span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-13"><a href="#cb3-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb3-14"><a href="#cb3-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-15"><a href="#cb3-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>t1<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">as.data.frame</span>(<span class="fu">table</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>year))</span>
<span id="cb3-16"><a href="#cb3-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-17"><a href="#cb3-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># Graph 2: Number of publications per year</span></span>
<span id="cb3-18"><a href="#cb3-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>g02 <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(t1, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>Var1, <span class="at">y=</span>Freq, <span class="at">group=</span><span class="dv">1</span>)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-19"><a href="#cb3-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_line</span>(<span class="at">size=</span><span class="fl">1.1</span>, <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">"steelblue"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-20"><a href="#cb3-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="at">size=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">"steelblue"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-21"><a href="#cb3-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_smooth</span>(<span class="at">color=</span><span class="st">"#7D7C7C"</span>, <span class="at">linewidth=</span><span class="fl">0.5</span>)<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-22"><a href="#cb3-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme_minimal</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-23"><a href="#cb3-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">labs</span>(<span class="at">title=</span><span class="st">"Number of Publications per Year"</span>, <span class="at">y=</span><span class="st">""</span>, <span class="at">x=</span><span class="st">"Year"</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb3-24"><a href="#cb3-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme</span>(</span>
<span id="cb3-25"><a href="#cb3-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">axis.text.x =</span> <span class="fu">element_text</span>(<span class="at">angle =</span> <span class="dv">45</span>, <span class="at">hjust =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="at">size =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>),</span>
<span id="cb3-26"><a href="#cb3-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">axis.title.x =</span> <span class="fu">element_blank</span>(),</span>
<span id="cb3-27"><a href="#cb3-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">plot.title =</span> <span class="fu">element_text</span>(<span class="at">hjust =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>)</span>
<span id="cb3-28"><a href="#cb3-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb3-29"><a href="#cb3-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-30"><a href="#cb3-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">plot_grid</span>(g01, g02, <span class="at">labels =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">'A'</span>, <span class="st">'B'</span>), <span class="at">label_size =</span> <span class="dv">8</span>, <span class="at">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="at">rel_widths =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output-display column-screen-inset-right">
<p><img src="SLR_stm_files/figure-html/description-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="1344"></p>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>plotgrid <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">plot_grid</span>(g01, g02, <span class="at">labels =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">'A'</span>, <span class="st">'B'</span>), <span class="at">label_size =</span> <span class="dv">8</span>, <span class="at">ncol=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="at">rel_widths =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">1</span>))</span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggsave</span>(<span class="at">filename=</span><span class="st">"./images/quant.jpeg"</span>, plotgrid, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">40</span>, <span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">18</span>, <span class="at">units =</span> <span class="st">"cm"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
</div>
</section>
<section id="keywords" class="level1 page-columns page-full" data-number="3">
<h1 data-number="3"><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Keywords</h1>
<div class="cell page-columns page-full">
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="ot"><-</span> df <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(id, keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">tolower</span>(keywords))<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-4"><a href="#cb5-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">separate</span>(keywords, <span class="at">sep=</span><span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\\</span><span class="st">|"</span>, <span class="at">into=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"A1"</span>,<span class="st">"A2"</span>,<span class="st">"A3"</span>,<span class="st">"A4"</span>,<span class="st">"A5"</span>,<span class="st">"A6"</span>,<span class="st">"A7"</span>,<span class="st">"A8"</span>,<span class="st">"A9"</span>,<span class="st">"A10"</span>, <span class="st">"A11"</span>, <span class="st">"A12"</span>, <span class="st">"A13"</span>, <span class="st">"A14"</span>, <span class="st">"A15"</span>, <span class="st">"A16"</span>))<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-5"><a href="#cb5-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">pivot_longer</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>id, <span class="at">names_to=</span><span class="st">"Rang"</span>, <span class="at">values_to =</span> <span class="st">"keywords"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-6"><a href="#cb5-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.na</span>(keywords))</span>
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>test_user2 <span class="ot"><-</span> df <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb5-9"><a href="#cb5-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(id, keywords) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-10"><a href="#cb5-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">keywords =</span> <span class="fu">tolower</span>(keywords)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-11"><a href="#cb5-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">cSplit</span>(<span class="st">'keywords'</span>, <span class="at">sep =</span> <span class="st">"|"</span>, <span class="at">direction =</span> <span class="st">"wide"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-12"><a href="#cb5-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">pivot_longer</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>id, <span class="at">names_to =</span> <span class="st">"Rang"</span>, <span class="at">values_to =</span> <span class="st">"keywords"</span>, <span class="at">values_drop_na =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-13"><a href="#cb5-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-14"><a href="#cb5-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-15"><a href="#cb5-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="ot">=</span> <span class="fu">str_trim</span>(user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords,<span class="at">side =</span><span class="st">"both"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-16"><a href="#cb5-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-17"><a href="#cb5-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"artificial intelligence (ai)"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"ai"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-18"><a href="#cb5-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"automated analysis of text"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"automated text analysis"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-19"><a href="#cb5-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"automated textual analysis"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"automated text analysis"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-20"><a href="#cb5-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"natural language processinf"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"nlp"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-21"><a href="#cb5-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"natural language processing (nlp)"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"nlp"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-22"><a href="#cb5-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"natural language processing (nlp)-based approach"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"nlp"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-23"><a href="#cb5-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"nlp tools"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"nlp"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-24"><a href="#cb5-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"natural language processing"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"nlp"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-25"><a href="#cb5-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"online review"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"online reviews"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-26"><a href="#cb5-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"online shopping review"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"online reviews"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-27"><a href="#cb5-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"review"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"online reviews"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-28"><a href="#cb5-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"reviews"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"online reviews"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-29"><a href="#cb5-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"topic modelling"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"topic modeling"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-30"><a href="#cb5-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords[user2<span class="sc">$</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"user generated content"</span>]<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="st">"user-generated content"</span></span>
<span id="cb5-31"><a href="#cb5-31" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-32"><a href="#cb5-32" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># compter les mots cles</span></span>
<span id="cb5-33"><a href="#cb5-33" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo<span class="ot"><-</span> user2 <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-34"><a href="#cb5-34" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">n=</span><span class="dv">1</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-35"><a href="#cb5-35" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(id,keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-36"><a href="#cb5-36" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">n=</span><span class="fu">sum</span>(n))</span>
<span id="cb5-37"><a href="#cb5-37" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-38"><a href="#cb5-38" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo1<span class="ot"><-</span> foo <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-39"><a href="#cb5-39" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-40"><a href="#cb5-40" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">m=</span><span class="fu">n</span>())<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb5-41"><a href="#cb5-41" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(m<span class="sc">></span><span class="dv">1</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-42"><a href="#cb5-42" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb5-43"><a href="#cb5-43" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">set.seed</span>(<span class="dv">42</span>)</span>
<span id="cb5-44"><a href="#cb5-44" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(foo1, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">label =</span> keywords, <span class="at">size =</span> m)) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-45"><a href="#cb5-45" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_text_wordcloud</span>() <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-46"><a href="#cb5-46" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_size_area</span>(<span class="at">max_size =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>) <span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb5-47"><a href="#cb5-47" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">theme_minimal</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output-display column-screen-inset-right">
<p><img src="SLR_stm_files/figure-html/keywords1-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="1248"></p>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb6-1"><a href="#cb6-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggsave</span>(<span class="at">filename=</span><span class="st">"./images/keywords01.jpeg"</span>, <span class="at">plot=</span><span class="fu">last_plot</span>(), <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">27</span>, <span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">18</span>, <span class="at">units =</span> <span class="st">"cm"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb6-2"><a href="#cb6-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-3"><a href="#cb6-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># tsne projection</span></span>
<span id="cb6-4"><a href="#cb6-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-5"><a href="#cb6-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo2<span class="ot"><-</span>user2 <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-6"><a href="#cb6-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>Rang)<span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb6-7"><a href="#cb6-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(id,keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-8"><a href="#cb6-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">n=</span><span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb6-9"><a href="#cb6-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">pivot_wider</span>(id,<span class="at">names_from =</span> <span class="st">"keywords"</span>, <span class="at">values_from =</span><span class="st">"n"</span> )</span>
<span id="cb6-10"><a href="#cb6-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-11"><a href="#cb6-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo2<span class="ot"><-</span> foo2 <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb6-12"><a href="#cb6-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">replace</span>(<span class="fu">is.na</span>(.),<span class="dv">0</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-13"><a href="#cb6-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>id)</span>
<span id="cb6-14"><a href="#cb6-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-15"><a href="#cb6-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb6-16"><a href="#cb6-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo3<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">t</span>(foo2)</span>
<span id="cb6-17"><a href="#cb6-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsne_out <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">Rtsne</span>(foo3,<span class="at">perplexity =</span> <span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="at">dim=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="at">check_duplicates =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) <span class="co"># Run TSNE</span></span>
<span id="cb6-18"><a href="#cb6-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsne_out2<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">as.data.frame</span>(tsne_out<span class="sc">$</span>Y)</span>
<span id="cb6-19"><a href="#cb6-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>keywords<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">rownames</span>(foo3)</span>
<span id="cb6-20"><a href="#cb6-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggrepel)</span>
<span id="cb6-21"><a href="#cb6-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsne_out3<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">cbind</span>(tsne_out2, keywords) </span>
<span id="cb6-22"><a href="#cb6-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsne_out3<span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">merge</span>(tsne_out3,foo1)</span>
<span id="cb6-23"><a href="#cb6-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsneplot <span class="ot"><-</span> tsne_out3<span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb6-24"><a href="#cb6-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(m<span class="sc">></span><span class="dv">0</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb6-25"><a href="#cb6-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>V1, <span class="at">y=</span>V2, <span class="at">label=</span>keywords))<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-26"><a href="#cb6-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_point</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">size=</span>m), <span class="at">alpha=</span>.<span class="dv">5</span>)<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-27"><a href="#cb6-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_text_repel</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">label=</span><span class="fu">ifelse</span>(m<span class="sc">></span><span class="dv">1</span>,keywords,<span class="st">""</span>),<span class="at">size=</span><span class="fu">log</span>(m)), <span class="at">max.overlaps =</span><span class="dv">50</span>)<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb6-28"><a href="#cb6-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_size_continuous</span>(<span class="at">range =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="dv">10</span>))</span>
<span id="cb6-29"><a href="#cb6-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb6-30"><a href="#cb6-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsneplot</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output-display column-screen-inset-right">
<p><img src="SLR_stm_files/figure-html/keywords1-2.png" class="img-fluid" width="1248"></p>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggsave</span>(<span class="at">filename=</span><span class="st">"./images/keywords.jpeg"</span>, tsneplot, <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">27</span>, <span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">18</span>, <span class="at">units =</span> <span class="st">"cm"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
</div>
<section id="with-a-breakdown-of-the-keywords" class="level2 page-columns page-full" data-number="3.1">
<h2 data-number="3.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="with-a-breakdown-of-the-keywords"><span class="header-section-number">3.1</span> With a breakdown of the keywords</h2>
<p>The strategy is to reduce the morphologies of the most frequent keywords, in the form of unigrams, and then re-decompose the terms that make up the non-recoded keywords.</p>
<div class="cell page-columns page-full">
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>key1<span class="ot"><-</span> df <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(id, keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">tolower</span>(keywords))<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb8-4"><a href="#cb8-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">separate</span>(keywords, <span class="at">sep=</span><span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\\</span><span class="st">|"</span>, <span class="at">into=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"A1"</span>,<span class="st">"A2"</span>,<span class="st">"A3"</span>,<span class="st">"A4"</span>,<span class="st">"A5"</span>,<span class="st">"A6"</span>,<span class="st">"A7"</span>,<span class="st">"A8"</span>,<span class="st">"A9"</span>,<span class="st">"A10"</span>, <span class="st">"A11"</span>, <span class="st">"A12"</span>, <span class="st">"A13"</span>, <span class="st">"A14"</span>, <span class="st">"A15"</span>, <span class="st">"A16"</span>))<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb8-5"><a href="#cb8-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">pivot_longer</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>id, <span class="at">names_to=</span><span class="st">"Rang"</span>, <span class="at">values_to =</span> <span class="st">"keywords"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb8-6"><a href="#cb8-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.na</span>(keywords)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb8-7"><a href="#cb8-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_squish</span>(keywords),</span>
<span id="cb8-8"><a href="#cb8-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"text mining"</span>, <span class="st">"textmining"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-9"><a href="#cb8-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"text-mining"</span>, <span class="st">"textmining"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-10"><a href="#cb8-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"text analysis"</span>, <span class="st">"textanalysis"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-11"><a href="#cb8-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"text-analysis"</span>, <span class="st">"textanalysis"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-12"><a href="#cb8-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"user-generated content"</span>, <span class="st">"ugc"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-13"><a href="#cb8-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"user-generated content-ugc"</span>, <span class="st">"ugc"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-14"><a href="#cb8-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"user generated content"</span>, <span class="st">"ugc"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-15"><a href="#cb8-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"user genrated content (ugc)"</span>, <span class="st">"ugc"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-16"><a href="#cb8-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"artificial intelligence"</span>, <span class="st">"ai"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-17"><a href="#cb8-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"artificial intelligence"</span>, <span class="st">"ai"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-18"><a href="#cb8-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"artificial intelligence (ai)"</span>, <span class="st">"ai"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-19"><a href="#cb8-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"artificial neural network"</span>, <span class="st">"ai"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-20"><a href="#cb8-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"artificial neural networks"</span>, <span class="st">"neural network"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-21"><a href="#cb8-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"natural language processing"</span>, <span class="st">"nlp"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-22"><a href="#cb8-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"natural language processing (nlp)"</span>, <span class="st">"nlp"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-23"><a href="#cb8-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"natural language processing (nlp)-based approach"</span>, <span class="st">"nlp"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-24"><a href="#cb8-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"natural language processing (nlp)-based approach"</span>, <span class="st">"nlp"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-25"><a href="#cb8-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"topic model analysis"</span>, <span class="st">"topics"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-26"><a href="#cb8-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"topic modeling"</span>, <span class="st">"topics"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-27"><a href="#cb8-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"topic modelling"</span>, <span class="st">"topics"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-28"><a href="#cb8-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"topic model"</span>, <span class="st">"topics"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-29"><a href="#cb8-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"e wom"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-30"><a href="#cb8-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"e-wom"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-31"><a href="#cb8-31" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"electronic word-of-mouth"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-32"><a href="#cb8-32" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"electronic word of mouth"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-33"><a href="#cb8-33" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"electronic word of mouth (ewom)"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-34"><a href="#cb8-34" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"online word-of-mouth"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-35"><a href="#cb8-35" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"online word of mouth"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-36"><a href="#cb8-36" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"online word of mouth"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-37"><a href="#cb8-37" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"negative word-of-mouth nwom"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-38"><a href="#cb8-38" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"word-of-mouth communication"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-39"><a href="#cb8-39" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"word-of-mouth"</span>, <span class="st">"ewom"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-40"><a href="#cb8-40" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"online review"</span>, <span class="st">"reviews"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-41"><a href="#cb8-41" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"online reviews"</span>, <span class="st">"reviews"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-42"><a href="#cb8-42" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"social media"</span>, <span class="st">"socialmedia"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-43"><a href="#cb8-43" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"latent dirichlet allocation"</span>, <span class="st">"lda"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-44"><a href="#cb8-44" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"latent dirichlet allocation (lda)"</span>, <span class="st">"lda"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-45"><a href="#cb8-45" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"latent dirichlet allocation algorithm"</span>, <span class="st">"lda"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-46"><a href="#cb8-46" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"word embedding"</span>, <span class="st">"embedding"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-47"><a href="#cb8-47" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"word2vec"</span>, <span class="st">"embedding"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-48"><a href="#cb8-48" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"latent dirichlet allocation model"</span>, <span class="st">"lda"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-49"><a href="#cb8-49" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"machine learning"</span>, <span class="st">"ml"</span>), </span>
<span id="cb8-50"><a href="#cb8-50" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"machine learning and linguistic analysis"</span>, <span class="st">"ml"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-51"><a href="#cb8-51" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"big data"</span>, <span class="st">"bigdata"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-52"><a href="#cb8-52" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"liwc"</span>, <span class="st">"liwc"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-53"><a href="#cb8-53" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"linguistic inquiry and word count liwc"</span>, <span class="st">"liwc"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-54"><a href="#cb8-54" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"bibliometrics"</span>, <span class="st">"bibliometric"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-55"><a href="#cb8-55" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\\</span><span class="st">("</span>, <span class="st">""</span>),</span>
<span id="cb8-56"><a href="#cb8-56" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">keywords=</span><span class="fu">str_replace</span>(keywords, <span class="st">"</span><span class="sc">\\</span><span class="st">)"</span>, <span class="st">""</span>)</span>
<span id="cb8-57"><a href="#cb8-57" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb8-58"><a href="#cb8-58" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo<span class="ot"><-</span>key1<span class="sc">%>%</span> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb8-59"><a href="#cb8-59" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">n=</span><span class="fu">n</span>())</span>
<span id="cb8-60"><a href="#cb8-60" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 1,151 × 2
keywords n
<chr> <int>
1 10-k reports 1
2 abstract vs. concrete mindsets 1
3 accommodation 1
4 accommodative and defensive response 1
5 acoustic 1
6 actionable insights 1
7 adaptive clothing 1
8 advanced analytics 1
9 advertising 4
10 advertising slogans 1
# ℹ 1,141 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb10-1"><a href="#cb10-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>key2<span class="ot"><-</span> key1 <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb10-2"><a href="#cb10-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>Rang) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-3"><a href="#cb10-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">separate</span>(keywords, <span class="at">sep=</span><span class="st">" "</span>, <span class="at">into=</span><span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"A1"</span>,<span class="st">"A2"</span>,<span class="st">"A3"</span>,<span class="st">"A4"</span>,<span class="st">"A5"</span>,<span class="st">"A6"</span>,<span class="st">"A7"</span>,<span class="st">"A8"</span>,<span class="st">"A9"</span>,<span class="st">"A10"</span>, <span class="st">"A11"</span>, <span class="st">"A12"</span>, <span class="st">"A13"</span>, <span class="st">"A14"</span>, <span class="st">"A15"</span>, <span class="st">"A16"</span>)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-4"><a href="#cb10-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">pivot_longer</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>id, <span class="at">names_to=</span><span class="st">"Rang"</span>, <span class="at">values_to =</span> <span class="st">"keywords"</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb10-5"><a href="#cb10-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">mutate</span>(<span class="at">n=</span><span class="fu">nchar</span>(keywords)) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-6"><a href="#cb10-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(<span class="sc">!</span><span class="fu">is.na</span>(keywords))<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-7"><a href="#cb10-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(n<span class="sc">></span><span class="dv">0</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span><span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="sc">-</span>n)</span>
<span id="cb10-8"><a href="#cb10-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-9"><a href="#cb10-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>key3<span class="ot"><-</span>key2<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-10"><a href="#cb10-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-11"><a href="#cb10-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">k=</span><span class="fu">n</span>())</span>
<span id="cb10-12"><a href="#cb10-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-13"><a href="#cb10-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo2<span class="ot"><-</span>key2 <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-14"><a href="#cb10-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(id,keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-15"><a href="#cb10-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">m=</span><span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb10-16"><a href="#cb10-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">pivot_wider</span>(id,<span class="at">names_from =</span> <span class="st">"keywords"</span>, <span class="at">values_from =</span><span class="st">"m"</span>, <span class="at">names_repair=</span> <span class="st">"unique"</span> )</span>
<span id="cb10-17"><a href="#cb10-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-18"><a href="#cb10-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo2<span class="ot"><-</span> foo2 <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb10-19"><a href="#cb10-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">replace</span>(<span class="fu">is.na</span>(.),<span class="dv">0</span>) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb10-20"><a href="#cb10-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">select</span>(<span class="sc">-</span><span class="dv">1</span>)</span>
<span id="cb10-21"><a href="#cb10-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-22"><a href="#cb10-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-23"><a href="#cb10-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo3<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">t</span>(foo2)</span>
<span id="cb10-24"><a href="#cb10-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsne_out <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">Rtsne</span>(foo3,<span class="at">perplexity =</span> <span class="dv">25</span>, <span class="at">dim=</span><span class="dv">2</span>, <span class="at">check_duplicates =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span>) <span class="co"># Run TSNE</span></span>
<span id="cb10-25"><a href="#cb10-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsne_out2<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">as.data.frame</span>(tsne_out<span class="sc">$</span>Y)</span>
<span id="cb10-26"><a href="#cb10-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>keywords<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">rownames</span>(foo3)</span>
<span id="cb10-27"><a href="#cb10-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(ggrepel)</span>
<span id="cb10-28"><a href="#cb10-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsne_out3<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">cbind</span>(tsne_out2, keywords) </span>
<span id="cb10-29"><a href="#cb10-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsne_out3<span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">merge</span>(tsne_out3,key3)</span>
<span id="cb10-30"><a href="#cb10-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-31"><a href="#cb10-31" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb10-32"><a href="#cb10-32" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>tsne_out3<span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb10-33"><a href="#cb10-33" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ggplot</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>V1, <span class="at">y=</span>V2, <span class="at">label=</span>keywords))<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb10-34"><a href="#cb10-34" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_text_repel</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">label=</span><span class="fu">ifelse</span>(k<span class="sc">></span><span class="dv">4</span>,keywords,<span class="st">""</span>),<span class="at">size=</span>k), <span class="at">max.overlaps =</span><span class="dv">50</span>)<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb10-35"><a href="#cb10-35" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_size_continuous</span>(<span class="at">range =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dv">10</span>))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output-display column-screen-inset-right">
<p><img src="SLR_stm_files/figure-html/keywords2-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="1440"></p>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggsave</span>(<span class="at">filename=</span><span class="st">"./images/keywords03.jpeg"</span>, <span class="at">plot=</span><span class="fu">last_plot</span>(), <span class="at">width =</span> <span class="dv">27</span>, <span class="at">height =</span> <span class="dv">18</span>, <span class="at">units =</span> <span class="st">"cm"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
</div>
<div class="cell page-columns page-full">
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb12"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb12-1"><a href="#cb12-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo<span class="ot"><-</span> df<span class="sc">%>%</span><span class="fu">select</span>(id,year)</span>
<span id="cb12-2"><a href="#cb12-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> </span>
<span id="cb12-3"><a href="#cb12-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo5<span class="ot"><-</span>key2 <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-4"><a href="#cb12-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(id,keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-5"><a href="#cb12-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">m=</span><span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-6"><a href="#cb12-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">left_join</span>(foo) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-7"><a href="#cb12-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(year,keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-8"><a href="#cb12-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">m=</span><span class="fu">sum</span>(m))<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-9"><a href="#cb12-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">left_join</span>(key3)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb12-10"><a href="#cb12-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"ai"</span><span class="sc">|</span> keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"textmining"</span><span class="sc">|</span> keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"nlp"</span> <span class="sc">|</span> keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"topics"</span> <span class="sc">|</span> </span>
<span id="cb12-11"><a href="#cb12-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"lda"</span><span class="sc">|</span> keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"ml"</span><span class="sc">|</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"embbeding"</span> <span class="sc">|</span>keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"liwc"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb12-12"><a href="#cb12-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb12-13"><a href="#cb12-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(foo5, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>year, <span class="at">y=</span>m, <span class="at">group=</span>keywords))<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-14"><a href="#cb12-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_area</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">fill=</span>keywords))<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb12-15"><a href="#cb12-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_fill_manual</span>(<span class="at">values =</span> <span class="fu">rev</span>(<span class="fu">wes_palette</span>(<span class="st">"Zissou1"</span>, <span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">length</span>(<span class="fu">unique</span>(foo5<span class="sc">$</span>keywords)), <span class="at">type =</span> <span class="st">"continuous"</span>)))<span class="sc">+</span> <span class="co">#nice palette</span></span>
<span id="cb12-16"><a href="#cb12-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_x_continuous</span>(<span class="at">breaks =</span> <span class="fu">unique</span>(foo5<span class="sc">$</span>year)) <span class="co">#show every year on x axis</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output-display column-screen-inset-right">
<p><img src="SLR_stm_files/figure-html/keywords3-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="960"></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="cell page-columns page-full">
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>foo5<span class="ot"><-</span>key2 <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href="#cb13-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(id,keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-3"><a href="#cb13-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">m=</span><span class="fu">n</span>()) <span class="sc">%>%</span> </span>
<span id="cb13-4"><a href="#cb13-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">left_join</span>(foo) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-5"><a href="#cb13-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(year,keywords)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-6"><a href="#cb13-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">summarise</span>(<span class="at">m=</span><span class="fu">sum</span>(m))<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-7"><a href="#cb13-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">left_join</span>(key3)<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb13-8"><a href="#cb13-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">filter</span>(keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"ewom"</span><span class="sc">|</span> keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"reviews"</span><span class="sc">|</span> keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"socialmedia"</span> <span class="sc">|</span> keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"ugc"</span><span class="sc">|</span> keywords<span class="sc">==</span><span class="st">"bibliometric"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb13-9"><a href="#cb13-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb13-10"><a href="#cb13-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">ggplot</span>(foo5, <span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">x=</span>year, <span class="at">y=</span>m, <span class="at">group=</span>keywords))<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-11"><a href="#cb13-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">geom_area</span>(<span class="fu">aes</span>(<span class="at">fill=</span>keywords))<span class="sc">+</span></span>
<span id="cb13-12"><a href="#cb13-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_fill_manual</span>(<span class="at">values =</span> <span class="fu">rev</span>(<span class="fu">wes_palette</span>(<span class="st">"Zissou1"</span>, <span class="at">n =</span> <span class="fu">length</span>(<span class="fu">unique</span>(foo5<span class="sc">$</span>keywords)), <span class="at">type =</span> <span class="st">"continuous"</span>)))<span class="sc">+</span> </span>
<span id="cb13-13"><a href="#cb13-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">scale_x_continuous</span>(<span class="at">breaks =</span> <span class="fu">unique</span>(foo5<span class="sc">$</span>year)) <span class="co">#show every year on x axis</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output-display column-screen-inset-right">
<p><img src="SLR_stm_files/figure-html/keywords4-1.png" class="img-fluid" width="960"></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="structural-topic-model-stm" class="level1 page-columns page-full" data-number="4">
<h1 data-number="4"><span class="header-section-number">4</span> Structural topic model (STM)</h1>
<section id="data-preparation" class="level2" data-number="4.1">
<h2 data-number="4.1" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="data-preparation"><span class="header-section-number">4.1</span> Data preparation</h2>
<div class="cell">
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(quanteda)</span>
<span id="cb14-2"><a href="#cb14-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(stm)</span>
<span id="cb14-3"><a href="#cb14-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df<span class="sc">$</span>Texte<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">paste</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>title, <span class="st">" . "</span>, df<span class="sc">$</span>text, df<span class="sc">$</span>keywords)</span>
<span id="cb14-4"><a href="#cb14-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb14-5"><a href="#cb14-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>df<span class="sc">$</span>year<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">ifelse</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>year<span class="sc"><</span><span class="dv">2011</span>,<span class="dv">2010</span>, </span>
<span id="cb14-6"><a href="#cb14-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ifelse</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>year<span class="sc">></span><span class="dv">2010</span> <span class="sc">&</span> df<span class="sc">$</span>year<span class="sc"><</span><span class="dv">2016</span>,<span class="dv">2015</span>,</span>
<span id="cb14-7"><a href="#cb14-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">ifelse</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>year<span class="sc">></span><span class="dv">2015</span> <span class="sc">&</span> df<span class="sc">$</span>year<span class="sc"><</span><span class="dv">2020</span>,<span class="dv">2019</span>,df<span class="sc">$</span>year)))<span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb14-8"><a href="#cb14-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="fu">as.character</span>()</span>
<span id="cb14-9"><a href="#cb14-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">table</span>(df<span class="sc">$</span>year)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>
2010 2015 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
15 32 66 43 60 78 75 </code></pre>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>corpus <span class="ot"><-</span> quanteda<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">corpus</span>(</span>
<span id="cb16-2"><a href="#cb16-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> df,</span>
<span id="cb16-3"><a href="#cb16-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">text_field =</span> <span class="st">"Texte"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb16-4"><a href="#cb16-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">docid_field =</span> <span class="st">"id"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb16-5"><a href="#cb16-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">unique_docnames =</span> <span class="cn">FALSE</span></span>
<span id="cb16-6"><a href="#cb16-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span>
<span id="cb16-7"><a href="#cb16-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-8"><a href="#cb16-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>corpus_dfm <span class="ot"><-</span></span>
<span id="cb16-9"><a href="#cb16-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> quanteda<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">dfm</span>(corpus) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb16-10"><a href="#cb16-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> quanteda<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">dfm_trim</span>(</span>
<span id="cb16-11"><a href="#cb16-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># tokens_remove = 'nan',</span></span>
<span id="cb16-12"><a href="#cb16-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># Get rid of any word that doesn't occur at least x</span></span>
<span id="cb16-13"><a href="#cb16-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">min_termfreq =</span> <span class="dv">5</span>,</span>
<span id="cb16-14"><a href="#cb16-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># Get rid of any word that is in at least x per cent of documents</span></span>
<span id="cb16-15"><a href="#cb16-15" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">max_docfreq =</span> <span class="fl">0.9</span>,</span>
<span id="cb16-16"><a href="#cb16-16" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># Below we specify percentages - we can specify counts or ranks</span></span>
<span id="cb16-17"><a href="#cb16-17" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">docfreq_type =</span> <span class="st">"prop"</span></span>
<span id="cb16-18"><a href="#cb16-18" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> ) <span class="sc">%>%</span></span>
<span id="cb16-19"><a href="#cb16-19" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> quanteda<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">dfm_keep</span>(</span>
<span id="cb16-20"><a href="#cb16-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># '[a-zA-Z]', # filter out terms without alpha</span></span>
<span id="cb16-21"><a href="#cb16-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="co"># valuetype='regex',</span></span>
<span id="cb16-22"><a href="#cb16-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">min_nchar =</span> <span class="dv">2</span>) <span class="co"># Only words with at least 3 characters</span></span>
<span id="cb16-23"><a href="#cb16-23" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-24"><a href="#cb16-24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>out <span class="ot"><-</span> quanteda<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">convert</span>(corpus_dfm, <span class="at">to =</span> <span class="st">'stm'</span>)</span>
<span id="cb16-25"><a href="#cb16-25" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-26"><a href="#cb16-26" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-27"><a href="#cb16-27" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>K <span class="ot">=</span> <span class="dv">16</span> <span class="co"># number of topics</span></span>
<span id="cb16-28"><a href="#cb16-28" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-29"><a href="#cb16-29" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>FORMULA_RANGE <span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">paste</span>(<span class="st">"1"</span>,<span class="fu">as.character</span>(K), <span class="at">sep=</span><span class="st">":"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb16-30"><a href="#cb16-30" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>PREVALENCE_FORMULA <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">as.formula</span>(<span class="fu">paste</span>(<span class="st">"~"</span>, <span class="st">"year"</span>))</span>
<span id="cb16-31"><a href="#cb16-31" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>PREVALENCE_FORMULA_EFFECT <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">as.formula</span>( <span class="fu">paste</span>(FORMULA_RANGE, <span class="fu">paste</span>(<span class="st">"~ "</span>, <span class="st">"year"</span>, <span class="at">collapse=</span><span class="st">"+"</span>) ) )</span>
<span id="cb16-32"><a href="#cb16-32" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-33"><a href="#cb16-33" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>OUTPUT_PATH <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="st">"./"</span></span>
<span id="cb16-34"><a href="#cb16-34" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>OUTPUT_FILE <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">sprintf</span>(<span class="st">"STM_model_%s.RData"</span>, K)</span>
<span id="cb16-35"><a href="#cb16-35" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb16-36"><a href="#cb16-36" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">message</span>(PREVALENCE_FORMULA)</span>
<span id="cb16-37"><a href="#cb16-37" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">message</span>(PREVALENCE_FORMULA_EFFECT)</span>
<span id="cb16-38"><a href="#cb16-38" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">message</span>(OUTPUT_FILE)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
</div>
</section>
<section id="estimation" class="level2" data-number="4.2">
<h2 data-number="4.2" class="anchored" data-anchor-id="estimation"><span class="header-section-number">4.2</span> Estimation</h2>
<div class="cell">
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb17"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb17-1"><a href="#cb17-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>t1<span class="ot">=</span><span class="fu">Sys.time</span>()</span>
<span id="cb17-2"><a href="#cb17-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stm_model <span class="ot"><-</span> stm<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">stm</span>(</span>
<span id="cb17-3"><a href="#cb17-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">documents =</span> out<span class="sc">$</span>documents, </span>
<span id="cb17-4"><a href="#cb17-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">vocab =</span> out<span class="sc">$</span>vocab,</span>
<span id="cb17-5"><a href="#cb17-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">data =</span> out<span class="sc">$</span>meta,</span>
<span id="cb17-6"><a href="#cb17-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">K =</span> K, </span>
<span id="cb17-7"><a href="#cb17-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">prevalence =</span> PREVALENCE_FORMULA,</span>
<span id="cb17-8"><a href="#cb17-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">verbose =</span> <span class="cn">TRUE</span>, <span class="co"># show progress</span></span>
<span id="cb17-9"><a href="#cb17-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">init.type =</span> <span class="st">"Spectral"</span>,</span>
<span id="cb17-10"><a href="#cb17-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">seed =</span> <span class="dv">56</span>,</span>
<span id="cb17-11"><a href="#cb17-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">emtol =</span> <span class="fl">1e-05</span>,</span>
<span id="cb17-12"><a href="#cb17-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">max.em.its=</span><span class="dv">40</span></span>
<span id="cb17-13"><a href="#cb17-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> )</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Beginning Spectral Initialization
Calculating the gram matrix...
Finding anchor words...
................
Recovering initialization...
....................
Initialization complete.
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 1 (approx. per word bound = -6.558)
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 2 (approx. per word bound = -6.211, relative change = 5.282e-02)
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 3 (approx. per word bound = -6.166, relative change = 7.255e-03)
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Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
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Completing Iteration 4 (approx. per word bound = -6.154, relative change = 1.938e-03)
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 5 (approx. per word bound = -6.149, relative change = 8.088e-04)
Topic 1: research, analysis, this, consumer, on
Topic 2: service, reviews, quality, online, this
Topic 3: content, that, advertising, this, is
Topic 4: consumers, this, study, that, consumer
Topic 5: we, that, reviews, for, consumer
Topic 6: reviews, product, online, on, sentiment
Topic 7: customer, reviews, for, that, online
Topic 8: study, that, from, is, tourism
Topic 9: that, on, reviews, this, is
Topic 10: social, media, analysis, this, for
Topic 11: language, is, that, on, for
Topic 12: brand, online, on, brands, this
Topic 13: text, analysis, for, data, on
Topic 14: marketing, data, for, text, this
Topic 15: on, engagement, that, media, content
Topic 16: web, ewom, sites, for, online
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 6 (approx. per word bound = -6.147, relative change = 4.304e-04)
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Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 7 (approx. per word bound = -6.145, relative change = 3.283e-04)
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Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 8 (approx. per word bound = -6.143, relative change = 2.635e-04)
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 9 (approx. per word bound = -6.142, relative change = 2.004e-04)
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Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 10 (approx. per word bound = -6.141, relative change = 1.522e-04)
Topic 1: research, analysis, this, consumer, on
Topic 2: service, reviews, quality, online, this
Topic 3: content, that, this, consumers, advertising
Topic 4: this, consumers, study, that, consumer
Topic 5: we, that, for, reviews, consumer
Topic 6: reviews, product, online, on, sentiment
Topic 7: customer, reviews, for, that, online
Topic 8: study, that, from, tourism, is
Topic 9: that, on, this, reviews, is
Topic 10: social, media, analysis, this, for
Topic 11: language, is, that, on, for
Topic 12: brand, brands, online, on, this
Topic 13: text, analysis, for, on, data
Topic 14: marketing, data, text, for, this
Topic 15: on, engagement, that, media, content
Topic 16: ewom, web, for, sites, analysis
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 11 (approx. per word bound = -6.140, relative change = 1.178e-04)
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Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
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Completing Iteration 12 (approx. per word bound = -6.139, relative change = 9.845e-05)
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Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 13 (approx. per word bound = -6.139, relative change = 8.492e-05)
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 14 (approx. per word bound = -6.139, relative change = 6.749e-05)
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 15 (approx. per word bound = -6.138, relative change = 5.552e-05)
Topic 1: research, this, analysis, consumer, on
Topic 2: service, reviews, quality, online, this
Topic 3: content, that, this, consumers, more
Topic 4: consumers, this, study, that, consumer
Topic 5: we, that, for, reviews, text
Topic 6: reviews, product, online, on, review
Topic 7: customer, reviews, for, that, online
Topic 8: study, that, from, tourism, is
Topic 9: that, on, this, reviews, is
Topic 10: social, media, analysis, this, for
Topic 11: that, on, is, language, for
Topic 12: brand, brands, online, is, this
Topic 13: text, analysis, for, on, data
Topic 14: marketing, data, text, for, this
Topic 15: on, engagement, that, media, social
Topic 16: ewom, web, for, sites, text
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 16 (approx. per word bound = -6.138, relative change = 4.873e-05)
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 17 (approx. per word bound = -6.138, relative change = 4.994e-05)
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Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 18 (approx. per word bound = -6.137, relative change = 6.186e-05)
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 19 (approx. per word bound = -6.137, relative change = 6.509e-05)
...........................................................................................................................
Completed E-Step (0 seconds).
Completed M-Step.
Completing Iteration 20 (approx. per word bound = -6.137, relative change = 4.120e-05)
Topic 1: research, this, analysis, consumer, on
Topic 2: service, reviews, online, quality, this
Topic 3: content, that, this, consumers, more
Topic 4: consumers, this, study, that, consumer
Topic 5: we, that, for, reviews, text
Topic 6: reviews, product, online, on, review
Topic 7: customer, reviews, for, that, online
Topic 8: study, that, from, tourism, is
Topic 9: that, on, this, reviews, is
Topic 10: social, media, analysis, this, for
Topic 11: that, on, is, language, for
Topic 12: brand, brands, online, is, this
Topic 13: text, analysis, for, on, data
Topic 14: marketing, data, text, for, this
Topic 15: on, engagement, that, media, social
Topic 16: ewom, web, for, text, analysis
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Topic 1: research, this, analysis, consumer, on
Topic 2: service, reviews, online, quality, this
Topic 3: content, that, this, consumers, more
Topic 4: consumers, this, study, that, consumer
Topic 5: we, that, for, text, consumer
Topic 6: reviews, product, online, on, review
Topic 7: customer, reviews, for, that, online
Topic 8: study, that, from, tourism, is
Topic 9: that, on, this, reviews, is
Topic 10: social, media, analysis, this, for
Topic 11: that, on, is, language, for
Topic 12: brand, brands, online, is, this
Topic 13: text, analysis, for, on, data
Topic 14: marketing, data, text, for, this
Topic 15: on, engagement, that, media, social
Topic 16: ewom, web, for, text, analysis
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Topic 1: research, this, analysis, consumer, on
Topic 2: service, reviews, online, quality, this
Topic 3: content, that, consumers, this, more
Topic 4: consumers, this, study, that, consumer
Topic 5: we, that, for, text, consumer
Topic 6: reviews, product, online, on, review
Topic 7: customer, reviews, for, that, online
Topic 8: study, that, from, tourism, is
Topic 9: that, on, this, reviews, is
Topic 10: social, media, analysis, this, for
Topic 11: that, on, is, language, for
Topic 12: brand, brands, online, is, this
Topic 13: text, analysis, for, data, on
Topic 14: marketing, data, text, for, this
Topic 15: on, engagement, that, media, social
Topic 16: ewom, web, for, text, online
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Completing Iteration 35 (approx. per word bound = -6.134, relative change = 1.792e-05)
Topic 1: research, this, analysis, consumer, on
Topic 2: service, reviews, online, quality, this
Topic 3: content, that, consumers, this, more
Topic 4: consumers, this, study, that, consumer
Topic 5: we, that, for, text, consumer
Topic 6: reviews, product, online, on, review
Topic 7: customer, reviews, for, that, online
Topic 8: study, that, from, tourism, is
Topic 9: that, on, this, is, satisfaction
Topic 10: social, media, analysis, this, for
Topic 11: that, on, is, language, for
Topic 12: brand, brands, online, is, this
Topic 13: text, analysis, for, data, on
Topic 14: marketing, data, text, for, this
Topic 15: on, engagement, that, media, social
Topic 16: ewom, web, for, text, online
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Model Terminated Before Convergence Reached </code></pre>
</div>
<details>
<summary>Code</summary>
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb19-1"><a href="#cb19-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>t2<span class="ot">=</span><span class="fu">Sys.time</span>()</span>
<span id="cb19-2"><a href="#cb19-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb19-3"><a href="#cb19-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb19-4"><a href="#cb19-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stm_effects <span class="ot"><-</span> stm<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">estimateEffect</span>(PREVALENCE_FORMULA_EFFECT,</span>
<span id="cb19-5"><a href="#cb19-5" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a> <span class="at">stmobj =</span> stm_model, <span class="at">metadata =</span> out<span class="sc">$</span>meta)</span>
<span id="cb19-6"><a href="#cb19-6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb19-7"><a href="#cb19-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">saveRDS</span>(stm_model, <span class="st">"stm_model.rds"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb19-8"><a href="#cb19-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">saveRDS</span>(stm_effects, <span class="st">"stm_effects.rds"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb19-9"><a href="#cb19-9" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb19-10"><a href="#cb19-10" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb19-11"><a href="#cb19-11" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stm_model<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="st">"stm_model.rds"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb19-12"><a href="#cb19-12" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a>stm_effects<span class="ot"><-</span><span class="fu">readRDS</span>(<span class="st">"stm_effects.rds"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb19-13"><a href="#cb19-13" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb19-14"><a href="#cb19-14" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">labelTopics</span>(stm_model, <span class="at">topics =</span> <span class="cn">NULL</span>, <span class="at">n =</span> <span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="at">frexweight =</span> <span class="fl">0.5</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</details>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>Topic 1 Top Words:
Highest Prob: research, this, analysis, consumer, marketing
FREX: journal, articles, published, journals, future
Lift: emic, etic, gamification, industrial-buying, materialism
Score: overview, journal, bibliometric, journals, articles
Topic 2 Top Words:
Highest Prob: service, reviews, online, quality, this
FREX: service, quality, hotel, m-banking, restaurants
Lift: sensorial, servicescape, cse, friendly, m-banking
Score: sb, service, m-banking, hotel, o2o
Topic 3 Top Words:
Highest Prob: content, that, consumers, this, more
FREX: privacy, advertising, volatility, photos, content
Lift: cookies, narrativity, slogans, sandbox, volatility
Score: slogans, volatility, privacy, sandbox, photos
Topic 4 Top Words:
Highest Prob: consumers, this, study, that, consumer
FREX: customization, regulatory, fit, sustainable, cues
Lift: variety-seeking, customization, korean, scboei, vulnerability
Score: customization, variety-seeking, regulatory, vulnerability, fit
Topic 5 Top Words:
Highest Prob: we, that, for, text, consumer
FREX: models, we, dictionary, our, nostalgia
Lift: camel, fictitious, cgas, nostalgia, machines