diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/spring/test/SpringRulesToJUnitExtension.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/spring/test/SpringRulesToJUnitExtension.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eff500cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/spring/test/SpringRulesToJUnitExtension.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 the original author or authors.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.openrewrite.java.spring.test;
+
+import org.openrewrite.ExecutionContext;
+import org.openrewrite.Preconditions;
+import org.openrewrite.Recipe;
+import org.openrewrite.TreeVisitor;
+import org.openrewrite.java.AnnotationMatcher;
+import org.openrewrite.java.JavaIsoVisitor;
+import org.openrewrite.java.JavaParser;
+import org.openrewrite.java.JavaTemplate;
+import org.openrewrite.java.search.UsesType;
+import org.openrewrite.java.tree.J;
+import org.openrewrite.java.tree.TypeUtils;
+
+import static java.util.Comparator.comparing;
+
+public class SpringRulesToJUnitExtension extends Recipe {
+
+    private static final String SPRING_CLASS_RULE = "org.springframework.test.context.junit4.rules.SpringClassRule";
+    private static final String SPRING_METHOD_RULE = "org.springframework.test.context.junit4.rules.SpringMethodRule";
+    private static final String EXTEND_WITH = "org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith";
+    private static final String SPRING_EXTENSION = "org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension";
+    private static final AnnotationMatcher ANNOTATION_MATCHER = new AnnotationMatcher(String.format("@%s(%s.class)", EXTEND_WITH, SPRING_EXTENSION), true);
+
+
+    @Override
+    public String getDisplayName() {
+        return "Replace `SpringClassRule` and `SpringMethodRule` with JUnit 5 `SpringExtension`";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return "Replace JUnit 4's `SpringClassRule` and `SpringMethodRule` with JUnit 5's `SpringExtension` or rely on an existing `@SpringBootTest`.";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TreeVisitor<?, ExecutionContext> getVisitor() {
+        return Preconditions.check(
+                Preconditions.or(
+                        new UsesType<>(SPRING_CLASS_RULE, true),
+                        new UsesType<>(SPRING_METHOD_RULE, true)
+                ),
+                new JavaIsoVisitor<ExecutionContext>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public J.VariableDeclarations visitVariableDeclarations(J.VariableDeclarations multiVariable, ExecutionContext ctx) {
+                        J.VariableDeclarations vd = super.visitVariableDeclarations(multiVariable, ctx);
+                        if (TypeUtils.isOfClassType(vd.getTypeAsFullyQualified(), SPRING_CLASS_RULE) ||
+                            TypeUtils.isOfClassType(vd.getTypeAsFullyQualified(), SPRING_METHOD_RULE)) {
+                            maybeRemoveImport(SPRING_CLASS_RULE);
+                            maybeRemoveImport(SPRING_METHOD_RULE);
+                            maybeRemoveImport("org.junit.ClassRule");
+                            maybeRemoveImport("org.junit.Rule");
+
+                            doAfterVisit(new JavaIsoVisitor<ExecutionContext>() {
+                                @Override
+                                public J.ClassDeclaration visitClassDeclaration(J.ClassDeclaration classDecl, ExecutionContext ctx) {
+                                    J.ClassDeclaration cd = super.visitClassDeclaration(classDecl, ctx);
+                                    if (cd.getLeadingAnnotations().stream().noneMatch(ANNOTATION_MATCHER::matches)) {
+                                        maybeAddImport(EXTEND_WITH);
+                                        maybeAddImport(SPRING_EXTENSION);
+                                        return JavaTemplate.builder("@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)")
+                                                .javaParser(JavaParser.fromJavaVersion().classpathFromResources(ctx, "junit-jupiter-api", "spring-test"))
+                                                .imports(EXTEND_WITH, SPRING_EXTENSION)
+                                                .build()
+                                                .apply(getCursor(), cd.getCoordinates().addAnnotation(comparing(J.Annotation::getSimpleName)));
+
+                                    }
+                                    return cd;
+                                }
+                            });
+
+                            //noinspection DataFlowIssue
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                        return vd;
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/spring/test/package-info.java b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/spring/test/package-info.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..caea53e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/openrewrite/java/spring/test/package-info.java
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 the original author or authors.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+@NonNullApi @NonNullFields
+package org.openrewrite.java.spring.test;
+
+import org.openrewrite.internal.lang.NonNullApi;
+import org.openrewrite.internal.lang.NonNullFields;
diff --git a/src/main/resources/META-INF/rewrite/spring-boot-24.yml b/src/main/resources/META-INF/rewrite/spring-boot-24.yml
index e5576bc9..7eaff941 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/META-INF/rewrite/spring-boot-24.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/META-INF/rewrite/spring-boot-24.yml
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ recipeList:
   - org.openrewrite.java.spring.boot2.UnnecessarySpringExtension
   - org.openrewrite.java.spring.boot2.ReplaceExtendWithAndContextConfiguration
   - org.openrewrite.java.spring.boot2.RemoveObsoleteSpringRunners
+  - org.openrewrite.java.spring.test.SpringRulesToJUnitExtension
   - org.openrewrite.java.dependencies.AddDependency:
       groupId: org.springframework.boot
       artifactId: spring-boot-tools
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/spring/test/SpringRulesToJUnitExtensionTest.java b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/spring/test/SpringRulesToJUnitExtensionTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..294b50ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/openrewrite/java/spring/test/SpringRulesToJUnitExtensionTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 the original author or authors.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.openrewrite.java.spring.test;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.openrewrite.DocumentExample;
+import org.openrewrite.InMemoryExecutionContext;
+import org.openrewrite.java.JavaParser;
+import org.openrewrite.test.RecipeSpec;
+import org.openrewrite.test.RewriteTest;
+
+import static org.openrewrite.java.Assertions.java;
+
+class SpringRulesToJUnitExtensionTest implements RewriteTest {
+
+    @Override
+    public void defaults(RecipeSpec spec) {
+        spec.recipe(new SpringRulesToJUnitExtension())
+          .parser(JavaParser.fromJavaVersion()
+            .classpathFromResources(new InMemoryExecutionContext(), "spring-boot-test", "spring-test")
+            .dependsOn("package org.junit; public @interface ClassRule {}", "package org.junit; public @interface Rule {}")
+          );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DocumentExample
+    void migrateWithSpringBootTestPresent() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          //language=java
+          java(
+            """
+              import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+              import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.rules.SpringClassRule;
+              import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.rules.SpringMethodRule;
+              import org.junit.ClassRule;
+              import org.junit.Rule;
+
+              @SpringBootTest
+              class SomeTest {
+
+                  @ClassRule
+                  public static final SpringClassRule springClassRule = new SpringClassRule();
+
+                  @Rule
+                  public final SpringMethodRule springMethodRule = new SpringMethodRule();
+
+              }
+              """,
+            """
+              import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+
+              @SpringBootTest
+              class SomeTest {
+
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void migrateSingleAnnotation() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          //language=java
+          java(
+            """
+              import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+              import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.rules.SpringMethodRule;
+              import org.junit.Rule;
+
+              @SpringBootTest
+              class SomeTest {
+
+                  @Rule
+                  public final SpringMethodRule springMethodRule = new SpringMethodRule();
+
+              }
+              """,
+            """
+              import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+
+              @SpringBootTest
+              class SomeTest {
+
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void migrateAndAddSpringExtension() {
+        rewriteRun(
+          //language=java
+          java(
+            """
+              import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.rules.SpringClassRule;
+              import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.rules.SpringMethodRule;
+              import org.junit.ClassRule;
+              import org.junit.Rule;
+
+              class SomeTest {
+
+                  @ClassRule
+                  public static final SpringClassRule springClassRule = new SpringClassRule();
+
+                  @Rule
+                  public final SpringMethodRule springMethodRule = new SpringMethodRule();
+
+              }
+              """,
+            """
+              import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+              import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
+
+              @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
+              class SomeTest {
+
+              }
+              """
+          )
+        );
+    }
+}