diff --git a/Tests/test_imagepath.py b/Tests/test_imagepath.py
index cda2584e77b..76bdf1e5f6e 100644
--- a/Tests/test_imagepath.py
+++ b/Tests/test_imagepath.py
@@ -204,6 +204,17 @@ def test_overflow_segfault() -> None:
             x[i] = b"0" * 16
 
 
+def test_compact_within_map() -> None:
+    p = ImagePath.Path([0, 1])
+
+    def map_func(x: float, y: float) -> tuple[float, float]:
+        p.compact()
+        return 0, 0
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        p.map(map_func)
+
+
 class Evil:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.corrupt = Image.core.path(0x4000000000000000)
diff --git a/src/path.c b/src/path.c
index f4f4287f388..067f42f62de 100644
--- a/src/path.c
+++ b/src/path.c
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ PyImaging_GetBuffer(PyObject *buffer, Py_buffer *view);
 typedef struct {
     PyObject_HEAD Py_ssize_t count;
     double *xy;
+    int mapping;
 } PyPathObject;
 
 static PyTypeObject PyPathType;
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ path_new(Py_ssize_t count, double *xy, int duplicate) {
 
     path->count = count;
     path->xy = xy;
+    path->mapping = 0;
 
     return path;
 }
@@ -276,6 +278,10 @@ path_compact(PyPathObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 
     double cityblock = 2.0;
 
+    if (self->mapping) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Path compacted during mapping");
+        return NULL;
+    }
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|d:compact", &cityblock)) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -393,11 +399,13 @@ path_map(PyPathObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     xy = self->xy;
 
     /* apply function to coordinate set */
+    self->mapping = 1;
     for (i = 0; i < self->count; i++) {
         double x = xy[i + i];
         double y = xy[i + i + 1];
         PyObject *item = PyObject_CallFunction(function, "dd", x, y);
         if (!item || !PyArg_ParseTuple(item, "dd", &x, &y)) {
+            self->mapping = 0;
             Py_XDECREF(item);
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -405,6 +413,7 @@ path_map(PyPathObject *self, PyObject *args) {
         xy[i + i + 1] = y;
         Py_DECREF(item);
     }
+    self->mapping = 0;
 
     Py_INCREF(Py_None);
     return Py_None;