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Wasm Semantics Fuzzer

An aid for developing correct WebAssembly implementations through generative fuzzing. Randomly generates valid Wasm programs that check their own results during execution, in order to help identify potentially flawed implemented semantics. The core idea of this fuzzer is to generate code of the form if 2 + 3 is not 5, exit with failure.

This fuzzer is built to focus fuzzing efforts on easy-to-get-wrong corner cases (for example, the handling of subnormal floating point numbers), but will also test regular behavior for correctness. It supports testing the following types of behaviors: integer operations (with additional focus around wrapping behaviors), floating operations (including behavior of floating epsilon, subnormal numbers, etc.), memory sizing/resizing, memory loads/stores (including sign extension, endianness checks, etc.), globals, function-locals behavior, looping and branching, parametric operations, function argument counts, etc. See the Trophy Case for some of the bugs it has helped find and fix.

Usage

Requires a working Rust installation. See rustup if you need to install Rust.

To produce a single randomly-generated self-checking program:

cargo run output-file-name.wasm

Often, however, you want to run it in a loop alongside the program being tested (say, runWasm):

while cargo run temp.wasm && runWasm temp.wasm; do echo '--------'; sleep 0.1; done

Trophy Case

If you find bugs in your Wasm implementation with this fuzzer, we'd love to hear from you!

This fuzzer helped identify and fix multiple distinct semantic correctness issues during the development of vWasm, listed below. While none of these threatened sandbox safety, they could lead to incorrect computation results.

  • Signed Div/Rem semantics: for approximately half of all possible inputs, Div/Rem could produce erroneous results.
  • Signed division floating point exception: under just the right circumstances (even if it wasn't a division by zero), the program might cause the CPU to raise a floating point exception.
  • MemGrow would not update the vWasm MEM_PAGES global.
  • vWasm MEM_PAGES initialization: virtual "accessible memory" would start at max size, thereby preventing growth.
  • Stack alignment: code without an explicit exit could sometimes crash at the final implicit exit from main.
  • Memory initialization bug: non-contiguous initialization of linear memory could sometimes be "forgotten".
  • GlobalSet semantics bug: the wrong offset from the stack was being stored into the global.
  • BrTable semantics bug: one of the compiler passes could forget to generate relevant IL for it.
  • Unaligned reads from indirect call / indirect jump tables due to typo in printer
  • Incorrect backwards branches produced in a compiler pass.
  • Non-power-2 sandboxing would produce safe but practically useless code.
  • Parametric Select conditional was accidentally flipped by a compiler pass.
  • Register allocator issue in the presence of just the "right" order of function argument types (mixing integer and floating arguments in alternation).
  • Register allocator stack-spilled arguments could sometimes clobber each other.
  • Incorrect type of mov for certain floating operations.
  • Nearest rounding on floats could, under certain situations, lead to incorrect results.

Related Projects

  • rWasm: a high-performance informally-verified provably-safe sandboxing compiler
  • vWasm: a formally-verified provably-safe sandboxing compiler, built in F*

License

BSD 3-Clause License. See LICENSE.

Publications

Provably-Safe Multilingual Software Sandboxing using WebAssembly. Jay Bosamiya, Wen Shih Lim, and Bryan Parno. In Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium, August, 2022.

@inproceedings{provably-safe-sandboxing-wasm,
  author    = {Bosamiya, Jay and Lim, Wen Shih and Parno, Bryan},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium},
  month     = {August},
  title     = {Provably-Safe Multilingual Software Sandboxing using {WebAssembly}},
  year      = {2022}
}