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Project Wycheproof

https://github.com/google/wycheproof

Project Wycheproof is named after Mount Wycheproof, the smallest mountain in the world. The main motivation for the project is to have a goal that is achievable. The smaller the mountain the more likely it is to be able to climb it.

Note

Hello RWC 2024 attendees and others! Wycheproof recently moved to community maintenance thanks to the shared efforts of Google and C2SP. We are still working to update the README and documentation, but we welcome your feedback and look forward to your contributions!

Introduction

Project Wycheproof tests crypto libraries against known attacks. It is developed and maintained by members of Google Security Team, but it is not an official Google product.

At Google, we rely on many third party cryptographic software libraries. Unfortunately, in cryptography, subtle mistakes can have catastrophic consequences, and we found that libraries fall into such implementation pitfalls much too often and for much too long. Good implementation guidelines, however, are hard to come by: understanding how to implement cryptography securely requires digesting decades' worth of academic literature. We recognize that software engineers fix and prevent bugs with unit testing, and we found that cryptographic loopholes can be resolved by the same means.

These observations have prompted us to develop Project Wycheproof, a collection of unit tests that detect known weaknesses or check for expected behaviors of some cryptographic algorithm. Project Wycheproof provides tests for most cryptographic algorithms, including RSA, elliptic curve crypto and authenticated encryption. Our cryptographers have systematically surveyed the literature and implemented most known attacks. We have over 80 test cases which have uncovered more than 40 bugs. For example, we found that we could recover the private key of widely-used DSA and ECDHC implementations.

While we are committed to develop as many attacks as possible, Project Wycheproof is by no means complete. Passing the tests does not imply that the library is secure, it just means that it is not vulnerable to the attacks that Project Wycheproof tests for. Cryptographers are also constantly discovering new attacks. Nevertheless, with Project Wycheproof developers and users now can check their libraries against a large number of known attacks, without having to spend years reading academic papers or become cryptographers themselves.

For more information on the goals and strategies of Project Wycheproof, please check out our documentation.

Coverage

Project Wycheproof has tests for the most popular crypto algorithms, including

  • AES-EAX
  • AES-GCM
  • ChaCha20-Poly1305
  • DH
  • DHIES
  • DSA
  • ECDH
  • ECDSA
  • EdDSA
  • ECIES
  • HKDF
  • HMAC
  • RSA
  • X25519, X448

The tests detect whether a library is vulnerable to many attacks, including

  • Invalid curve attacks
  • Biased nonces in digital signature schemes
  • Of course, all Bleichenbacher’s attacks
  • And many more -- we have over 80 test cases

Our first set of tests are written in Java, because Java has a common cryptographic interface. This allowed us to test multiple providers with a single test suite. While this interface is somewhat low level, and should not be used directly, we still apply a "defense in depth" argument and expect that the implementations are as robust as possible. For example, we consider weak default values to be a significant security flaw. We are converting as many tests into sets of test vectors to simplify porting the tests to other languages. We provide ready-to-use test runners for Java Cryptography Architecture providers such as Bouncy Castle, Spongy Castle, the Amazon Corretto Crypto Provider and the default providers in OpenJDK.

Usage

Setup

git clone https://github.com/google/wycheproof.git

Execute tests

  • To test latest stable version of Bouncy Castle:
bazel test BouncyCastleAllTests
  • To test other versions, e.g., v1.52:
bazel test BouncyCastleAllTests_1_52
  • To test all known versions (warning, will take a long time):
bazel test BouncyCastleAllTests_*
  • To test a local jar, set the WYCHEPROOF_BOUNCYCASTLE_JAR environment variable:
$ WYCHEPROOF_BOUNCYCASTLE_JAR=/path/to/bouncycastle
$ bazel test BouncyCastleTestLocal
$ bazel test BouncyCastleAllTestsLocal

Note: Bazel does not currently invalidate the build on environment changes. If you change the WYCHEPROOF_BOUNCYCASTLE_JAR environment variable, run bazel clean to force a rebuild:

$ WYCHEPROOF_BOUNCYCASTLE_JAR=/path/to/bouncycastle
$ bazel test BouncyCastleTestLocal
$ WYCHEPROOF_BOUNCYCASTLE_JAR=/path/to/other/jar
$ bazel clean
$ bazel test BouncyCastleTestLocal
  • To test Spongy Castle, replace BouncyCastle with SpongyCastle in your commands, for example:
bazel test SpongyCastleAllTests

bazel test AccpAllTests
  • To test a local jar for the Amazon Corretto Crypto Provider, set the WYCHEPROOF_ACCP_JAR environment variable:
$ WYCHEPROOF_ACCP_JAR=/path/to/accp
$ bazel test AccpTestLocal
$ bazel test AccpAllTestsLocal

Note: bazel does not currently invalidate the build on environment changes. If you change the WYCHEPROOF_ACCP_JAR environment variable, run bazel clean to force a rebuild:

$ WYCHEPROOF_ACCP_JAR=/path/to/accp
$ bazel test AccpTestLocal
$ WYCHEPROOF_ACCP_JAR=/path/to/other/jar
$ bazel clean
$ bazel test AccpTestLocal
  • To test your current installation of OpenJDK:
bazel test OpenJDKAllTests

Note that OpenJDKAllTests expects that OpenJDK is your default JDK, so it might refuse to run or its results might be incorrect if you are using some other JDK. If you downloaded your JDK from Oracle or https://java.com, you're probably using Oracle JDK, which should be compatible with OpenJDK, thus the tests should run correctly.

Some tests take a very long time to finish. If you want to exclude them, use BouncyCastleTest, SpongyCastleTest or OpenJDKTest -- these targets exclude all slow tests (which are annotated with @SlowTest).

Most test targets are failing, and each failure might be a security issue. To learn more about what a failed test means, you might want to check out our documentation or the comments on top of the corresponding test function and test class.

Hall of Bugs

Here are some of the notable vulnerabilities that are uncovered by Project Wycheproof:

  • OpenJDK's SHA1withDSA leaks private keys > 1024 bits

    • Test: testBiasSha1WithDSA in DsaTest.
    • This bug is the same as CVE-2003-0971 ("GnuPG generated ElGamal signatures that leaked the private key").

  • Bouncy Castle's ECDHC leaks private keys

    • Test: testModifiedPublic and testWrongOrderEcdhc in EcdhTest.

Maintainers

Project Wycheproof is maintained by:

  • Daniel Bleichenbacher
  • Thai Duong
  • Emilia Kasper
  • Quan Nguyen
  • Charles Lee

Contact and mailing list

If you want to contribute, please read CONTRIBUTING and send us pull requests. You can also report bugs or request new tests.

If you'd like to talk to our developers or get notified about major new tests, you may want to subscribe to our mailing list. To join, simply send an empty mail to [email protected].