diff --git a/PRESUBMIT.py b/PRESUBMIT.py
index 9ce0829949b8fb..1a5ebe1459762e 100644
--- a/PRESUBMIT.py
+++ b/PRESUBMIT.py
@@ -3385,6 +3385,7 @@ def _CalculateAddedDeps(os_path, old_contents, new_contents):
             results.add(os_path.join(added_dep, 'DEPS'))
     return results
 
+
 def CheckForNewDEPSDownloadFromGoogleStorageHooks(input_api, output_api):
     """Checks that there are no new download_from_google_storage hooks"""
     for f in input_api.AffectedFiles(include_deletes=False):
@@ -3417,6 +3418,38 @@ def CheckForNewDEPSDownloadFromGoogleStorageHooks(input_api, output_api):
     return []
 
 
+def _readDeps(input_api):
+    deps_file = input_api.os_path.join(input_api.PresubmitLocalPath(), 'DEPS')
+    with open(deps_file) as f:
+        return f.read()
+
+
+def CheckNoNewGitFilesAddedInDependencies(input_api, output_api):
+    deps = _ParseDeps(_readDeps(input_api))
+    dependency_paths = set([])
+    for path in deps['deps']:
+        # TODO(crbug.com/40738689): Remove src/ prefix
+        dependency_paths.add(path[4:])  # 4 == len('src/')
+
+    errors = []
+    for file in input_api.AffectedFiles(include_deletes=False):
+        path = file.LocalPath()
+        # We are checking path, and all paths below up to root. E.g. if path is
+        # a/b/c, we start with path == "a/b/c", followed by "a/b" and "a".
+        while path:
+            if path in dependency_paths:
+                errors.append(output_api.PresubmitError(
+                    'You cannot place files tracked by Git inside a '
+                    'first-party DEPS dependency (deps).\n'
+                    f'Dependency: {path}\n'
+                    f'File: {file.LocalPath()}'
+                ))
+            last_dir_path = path.rfind('/')
+            path = None if last_dir_path == -1 else path[:last_dir_path]
+
+    return errors
+
+
 def CheckEachPerfettoTestDataFileHasDepsEntry(input_api, output_api):
     test_data_filter = lambda f: input_api.FilterSourceFile(
         f, files_to_check=[r'^base/tracing/test/data_sha256/.*\.sha256'])
diff --git a/PRESUBMIT_test.py b/PRESUBMIT_test.py
index 4751ab14ed1929..104fce5bfc88ef 100755
--- a/PRESUBMIT_test.py
+++ b/PRESUBMIT_test.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import subprocess
 import textwrap
 import unittest
+from unittest import mock
 
 import PRESUBMIT
 
@@ -5541,6 +5542,45 @@ def testJavaPath(self):
     self.assertTrue('chrome/foo/file4.java' in results[0].message),
     self.assertTrue('chrome/foo/file5.java' in results[0].message),
 
+class CheckNoNewGitFilesAddedInDependenciesTest(unittest.TestCase):
+  @mock.patch('PRESUBMIT._readDeps')
+  def testNonNested(self, readDeps):
+    readDeps.return_value = '''deps = {
+      'src/foo': 'bar',
+      'src/components/foo/bar': 'bar',
+    }'''
+
+    input_api = MockInputApi()
+    input_api.files = [
+      MockFile('components/foo/file1.java', ['otherFunction']),
+      MockFile('components/foo/file2.java', ['hasSyncConsent']),
+      MockFile('chrome/foo/file3.java', ['canSyncFeatureStart']),
+      MockFile('chrome/foo/file4.java', ['isSyncFeatureEnabled']),
+      MockFile('chrome/foo/file5.java', ['isSyncFeatureActive']),
+    ]
+    results = PRESUBMIT.CheckNoNewGitFilesAddedInDependencies(
+        input_api,
+        MockOutputApi())
+
+    self.assertEqual(0, len(results))
+
+  @mock.patch('PRESUBMIT._readDeps')
+  def testCollision(self, readDeps):
+    readDeps.return_value = '''deps = {'src/foo': 'ignore_me'}'''
+
+    input_api = MockInputApi()
+    input_api.files = [
+      MockAffectedFile('fo', 'content'),  # no conflict
+      MockAffectedFile('foo', 'content'),  # conflict
+      MockAffectedFile('foo/bar', 'content'),  # conflict
+    ]
+    results = PRESUBMIT.CheckNoNewGitFilesAddedInDependencies(
+        input_api,
+        MockOutputApi())
+
+    self.assertEqual(2, len(results))
+
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   unittest.main()