From 43534914f66dd3ad6fd3a5df1008d95c9cc0933c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: GitHub Actions <actions@github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2024 00:14:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] site deploy

Auto-generated via {sandpaper}
Source  : a6fb88a85300531edd75957b2aed528225359568
Branch  : md-outputs
Author  : GitHub Actions <actions@github.com>
Time    : 2024-08-13 00:16:13 +0000
Message : markdown source builds

Auto-generated via {sandpaper}
Source  : 802e69cee5d3eb1f67437020a46780002e3ba19d
Branch  : main
Author  : Sehrish Kanwal <kanwals@unimelb.edu.au>
Time    : 2024-08-08 05:25:29 +0000
Message : Merge pull request #895 from swcarpentry/update/packages

Update 10 packages
---
 01-rstudio-intro.html                    |  2 +-
 02-project-intro.html                    |  4 +-
 03-seeking-help.html                     |  8 +--
 04-data-structures-part1.html            |  2 +-
 05-data-structures-part2.html            |  2 +-
 06-data-subsetting.html                  | 18 +++---
 07-control-flow.html                     | 12 ++--
 08-plot-ggplot2.html                     | 14 ++---
 09-vectorization.html                    |  2 +-
 10-functions.html                        | 12 ++--
 11-writing-data.html                     |  2 +-
 12-dplyr.html                            |  8 +--
 13-tidyr.html                            |  2 +-
 14-knitr-markdown.html                   | 10 ++--
 15-wrap-up.html                          |  2 +-
 404.html                                 |  4 +-
 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html                     |  2 +-
 LICENSE.html                             |  2 +-
 aio.html                                 | 74 ++++++++++++------------
 discuss.html                             |  2 +-
 images.html                              |  4 +-
 index.html                               |  4 +-
 instructor-notes.html                    |  4 +-
 instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html         |  2 +-
 instructor/02-project-intro.html         |  4 +-
 instructor/03-seeking-help.html          |  8 +--
 instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html |  2 +-
 instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html |  2 +-
 instructor/06-data-subsetting.html       | 18 +++---
 instructor/07-control-flow.html          | 12 ++--
 instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html          | 14 ++---
 instructor/09-vectorization.html         |  2 +-
 instructor/10-functions.html             | 12 ++--
 instructor/11-writing-data.html          |  2 +-
 instructor/12-dplyr.html                 |  8 +--
 instructor/13-tidyr.html                 |  2 +-
 instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html        | 10 ++--
 instructor/15-wrap-up.html               |  2 +-
 instructor/404.html                      |  4 +-
 instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html          |  2 +-
 instructor/LICENSE.html                  |  2 +-
 instructor/aio.html                      | 74 ++++++++++++------------
 instructor/discuss.html                  |  2 +-
 instructor/images.html                   |  4 +-
 instructor/index.html                    |  4 +-
 instructor/instructor-notes.html         |  4 +-
 instructor/key-points.html               |  4 +-
 instructor/profiles.html                 |  4 +-
 instructor/reference.html                |  2 +-
 key-points.html                          |  4 +-
 pkgdown.yml                              |  2 +-
 profiles.html                            |  4 +-
 reference.html                           |  2 +-
 53 files changed, 207 insertions(+), 207 deletions(-)

diff --git a/01-rstudio-intro.html b/01-rstudio-intro.html
index 07eede330..ceac7df48 100644
--- a/01-rstudio-intro.html
+++ b/01-rstudio-intro.html
@@ -1461,7 +1461,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/01-rstudio-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/02-project-intro.html b/02-project-intro.html
index bd4a83ab2..db478ff64 100644
--- a/02-project-intro.html
+++ b/02-project-intro.html
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/02-project-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/03-seeking-help.html b/03-seeking-help.html
index 987eb0b82..027c9ba4c 100644
--- a/03-seeking-help.html
+++ b/03-seeking-help.html
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>c()</code> function creates a vector, in which all elements
 are of the same type. In the first case, the elements are numeric, in
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To look at the help for the <code>paste()</code> function, use:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The standard R function for reading tab-delimited files with a period
 decimal separator is read.delim(). You can also do this with
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/03-seeking-help.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/04-data-structures-part1.html b/04-data-structures-part1.html
index 6a0cafe93..04d86bba3 100644
--- a/04-data-structures-part1.html
+++ b/04-data-structures-part1.html
@@ -2394,7 +2394,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/04-data-structures-part1.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/05-data-structures-part2.html b/05-data-structures-part2.html
index d87ddf446..9b29eb148 100644
--- a/05-data-structures-part2.html
+++ b/05-data-structures-part2.html
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/05-data-structures-part2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/06-data-subsetting.html b/06-data-subsetting.html
index a093904d3..8d813c321 100644
--- a/06-data-subsetting.html
+++ b/06-data-subsetting.html
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb34">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb50">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul><li>The <strong>wrong</strong> way to do this problem is
 <code>countries==seAsia</code>. This gives a warning
@@ -1452,7 +1452,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>D</p>
 </div>
@@ -1597,7 +1597,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb115">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1662,7 +1662,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb122">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1816,7 +1816,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Solution to challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Fix each of the following common data frame subsetting errors:</p>
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal"><li>Extract observations collected for the year 1957</li>
@@ -1889,7 +1889,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal"><li><p><code>gapminder</code> is a data.frame so needs to be subsetted
 on two dimensions. <code>gapminder[1:20, ]</code> subsets the data to
@@ -1981,7 +1981,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/06-data-subsetting.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/07-control-flow.html b/07-control-flow.html
index 4c9ca067b..9c1fca1d3 100644
--- a/07-control-flow.html
+++ b/07-control-flow.html
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will first see a solution to Challenge 1 which does not use the
 <code>any()</code> function. We first obtain a logical vector describing
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can check whether the two vectors are identical using the
 <code>all()</code> function:</p>
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><strong>Step 1</strong>: We want to make sure we can extract all the
 unique values of the continent vector</p>
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We modify our solution to Challenge 3 by now adding two thresholds,
 <code>lowerThreshold</code> and <code>upperThreshold</code> and
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution for Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will use the <code>grep()</code> command that was introduced in
 the <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/shell-novice/07-find.html" class="external-link">Unix
@@ -1253,7 +1253,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/07-control-flow.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/08-plot-ggplot2.html b/08-plot-ggplot2.html
index 1107fb04c..22786a7e8 100644
--- a/08-plot-ggplot2.html
+++ b/08-plot-ggplot2.html
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/08-plot-ggplot2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/09-vectorization.html b/09-vectorization.html
index ae3bb8b21..1f9055347 100644
--- a/09-vectorization.html
+++ b/09-vectorization.html
@@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/09-vectorization.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/10-functions.html b/10-functions.html
index fa3387e2c..acbd8443c 100644
--- a/10-functions.html
+++ b/10-functions.html
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Write a function called <code>kelvin_to_celsius</code> that takes a
 temperature in Kelvin and returns that temperature in Celsius</p>
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Define the function to convert directly from Fahrenheit to Celsius,
 by reusing these two functions above</p>
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Extend our previous definition of the function by adding in an
 explicit call to <code>stopifnot()</code>. Since
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb32">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Write a function called <code>fence()</code> that takes two vectors
 as arguments, called <code>text</code> and <code>wrapper</code>, and
@@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/10-functions.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/11-writing-data.html b/11-writing-data.html
index ed88eaa3c..00f50b200 100644
--- a/11-writing-data.html
+++ b/11-writing-data.html
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/11-writing-data.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/12-dplyr.html b/12-dplyr.html
index dd5836309..50dcaa5c8 100644
--- a/12-dplyr.html
+++ b/12-dplyr.html
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/12-dplyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/13-tidyr.html b/13-tidyr.html
index 8ef9c5202..f08b3b1a8 100644
--- a/13-tidyr.html
+++ b/13-tidyr.html
@@ -1172,7 +1172,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/13-tidyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/14-knitr-markdown.html b/14-knitr-markdown.html
index 8d3a7e4f5..c0a633f78 100644
--- a/14-knitr-markdown.html
+++ b/14-knitr-markdown.html
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In RStudio, select File &gt; New file &gt; R Markdown…</p>
 <p>Delete the placeholder text and add the following:</p>
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r load-ggplot2}
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r echo = FALSE, fig.width = 3}
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s some inline code to determine that 2 + 2 = <code>4</code>.</p>
 </div>
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/14-knitr-markdown.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/15-wrap-up.html b/15-wrap-up.html
index d5cab47bd..bf26a63a1 100644
--- a/15-wrap-up.html
+++ b/15-wrap-up.html
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/15-wrap-up.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/404.html b/404.html
index 9299707a9..9eed6f9da 100644
--- a/404.html
+++ b/404.html
@@ -463,8 +463,8 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/404.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/404.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
index dae680423..fadb169a5 100644
--- a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/LICENSE.html b/LICENSE.html
index 6844f31db..ee480d263 100644
--- a/LICENSE.html
+++ b/LICENSE.html
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/LICENSE.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/aio.html b/aio.html
index 1de9a698b..e2ed97383 100644
--- a/aio.html
+++ b/aio.html
@@ -1759,7 +1759,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -2150,7 +2150,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>c()</code> function creates a vector, in which all elements
 are of the same type. In the first case, the elements are numeric, in
@@ -2180,7 +2180,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To look at the help for the <code>paste()</code> function, use:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -2289,7 +2289,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The standard R function for reading tab-delimited files with a period
 decimal separator is read.delim(). You can also do this with
@@ -5388,7 +5388,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb34">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -5581,7 +5581,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb50">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -5835,7 +5835,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul>
 <li>The <strong>wrong</strong> way to do this problem is
@@ -6126,7 +6126,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>D</p>
 </div>
@@ -6273,7 +6273,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb115">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -6338,7 +6338,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb122">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -6504,7 +6504,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Solution to challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Fix each of the following common data frame subsetting errors:</p>
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
@@ -6589,7 +6589,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
 <li><p><code>gapminder</code> is a data.frame so needs to be subsetted
@@ -6797,7 +6797,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will first see a solution to Challenge 1 which does not use the
 <code>any()</code> function. We first obtain a logical vector describing
@@ -7140,7 +7140,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can check whether the two vectors are identical using the
 <code>all()</code> function:</p>
@@ -7225,7 +7225,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><strong>Step 1</strong>: We want to make sure we can extract all the
 unique values of the continent vector</p>
@@ -7307,7 +7307,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We modify our solution to Challenge 3 by now adding two thresholds,
 <code>lowerThreshold</code> and <code>upperThreshold</code> and
@@ -7357,7 +7357,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution for Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will use the <code>grep()</code> command that was introduced in
 the <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/shell-novice/07-find.html" class="external-link">Unix
@@ -7573,7 +7573,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -7614,7 +7614,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -7725,7 +7725,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -7850,7 +7850,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -7894,7 +7894,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -8052,7 +8052,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -8845,7 +8845,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Write a function called <code>kelvin_to_celsius</code> that takes a
 temperature in Kelvin and returns that temperature in Celsius</p>
@@ -8903,7 +8903,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Define the function to convert directly from Fahrenheit to Celsius,
 by reusing these two functions above</p>
@@ -9038,7 +9038,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Extend our previous definition of the function by adding in an
 explicit call to <code>stopifnot()</code>. Since
@@ -9296,7 +9296,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb32">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -9354,7 +9354,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Write a function called <code>fence()</code> that takes two vectors
 as arguments, called <code>text</code> and <code>wrapper</code>, and
@@ -9949,7 +9949,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10083,7 +10083,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10451,7 +10451,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -11421,7 +11421,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In RStudio, select File &gt; New file &gt; R Markdown…</p>
 <p>Delete the placeholder text and add the following:</p>
@@ -11503,7 +11503,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r load-ggplot2}
@@ -11594,7 +11594,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r echo = FALSE, fig.width = 3}
@@ -11644,7 +11644,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s some inline code to determine that 2 + 2 = <code>4</code>.</p>
 </div>
@@ -11933,8 +11933,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/aio.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/aio.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/discuss.html b/discuss.html
index caab03e56..dd577fbb2 100644
--- a/discuss.html
+++ b/discuss.html
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ <h1>Discussion</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/discuss.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/images.html b/images.html
index 09b923f55..8d2ded920 100644
--- a/images.html
+++ b/images.html
@@ -654,8 +654,8 @@ <h3 id="14-knitr-markdown-figure-3">Figure 3</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/images.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/images.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index e59cfca3b..e4ef29a42 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -478,8 +478,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/index.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/index.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor-notes.html b/instructor-notes.html
index 609828981..006ab6008 100644
--- a/instructor-notes.html
+++ b/instructor-notes.html
@@ -661,8 +661,8 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor-notes.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor-notes.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html b/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html
index ce7093911..a1b83cee1 100644
--- a/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html
+++ b/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html
@@ -1484,7 +1484,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/01-rstudio-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/02-project-intro.html b/instructor/02-project-intro.html
index ccc44ddc5..6a58fc294 100644
--- a/instructor/02-project-intro.html
+++ b/instructor/02-project-intro.html
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/02-project-intro.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/03-seeking-help.html b/instructor/03-seeking-help.html
index d58d2f38c..c0b52a707 100644
--- a/instructor/03-seeking-help.html
+++ b/instructor/03-seeking-help.html
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>c()</code> function creates a vector, in which all elements
 are of the same type. In the first case, the elements are numeric, in
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To look at the help for the <code>paste()</code> function, use:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The standard R function for reading tab-delimited files with a period
 decimal separator is read.delim(). You can also do this with
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/03-seeking-help.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html b/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html
index b1d016b52..fa5f89b12 100644
--- a/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html
+++ b/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html
@@ -2396,7 +2396,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/04-data-structures-part1.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html b/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html
index a850d3d2d..60096e8dc 100644
--- a/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html
+++ b/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html
@@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/05-data-structures-part2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html b/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
index 330f2db70..5049da1cd 100644
--- a/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
+++ b/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb34">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb50">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul><li>The <strong>wrong</strong> way to do this problem is
 <code>countries==seAsia</code>. This gives a warning
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>D</p>
 </div>
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb115">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1664,7 +1664,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb122">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1818,7 +1818,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Solution to challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Fix each of the following common data frame subsetting errors:</p>
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal"><li>Extract observations collected for the year 1957</li>
@@ -1891,7 +1891,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal"><li><p><code>gapminder</code> is a data.frame so needs to be subsetted
 on two dimensions. <code>gapminder[1:20, ]</code> subsets the data to
@@ -1983,7 +1983,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/06-data-subsetting.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/07-control-flow.html b/instructor/07-control-flow.html
index d11cdef4d..db7e2d36a 100644
--- a/instructor/07-control-flow.html
+++ b/instructor/07-control-flow.html
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will first see a solution to Challenge 1 which does not use the
 <code>any()</code> function. We first obtain a logical vector describing
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can check whether the two vectors are identical using the
 <code>all()</code> function:</p>
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><strong>Step 1</strong>: We want to make sure we can extract all the
 unique values of the continent vector</p>
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We modify our solution to Challenge 3 by now adding two thresholds,
 <code>lowerThreshold</code> and <code>upperThreshold</code> and
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution for Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will use the <code>grep()</code> command that was introduced in
 the <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/shell-novice/07-find.html" class="external-link">Unix
@@ -1255,7 +1255,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/07-control-flow.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html b/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
index 4e1ce845a..90ed35717 100644
--- a/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
+++ b/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -1100,7 +1100,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/08-plot-ggplot2.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/09-vectorization.html b/instructor/09-vectorization.html
index 1860b099f..54bc65d1e 100644
--- a/instructor/09-vectorization.html
+++ b/instructor/09-vectorization.html
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/10-functions.html b/instructor/10-functions.html
index 355653cf0..f5b030a8f 100644
--- a/instructor/10-functions.html
+++ b/instructor/10-functions.html
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   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Write a function called <code>kelvin_to_celsius</code> that takes a
 temperature in Kelvin and returns that temperature in Celsius</p>
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Define the function to convert directly from Fahrenheit to Celsius,
 by reusing these two functions above</p>
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Extend our previous definition of the function by adding in an
 explicit call to <code>stopifnot()</code>. Since
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb32">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
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 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Write a function called <code>fence()</code> that takes two vectors
 as arguments, called <code>text</code> and <code>wrapper</code>, and
@@ -1223,7 +1223,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
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+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
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diff --git a/instructor/11-writing-data.html b/instructor/11-writing-data.html
index 075d033da..a445529f7 100644
--- a/instructor/11-writing-data.html
+++ b/instructor/11-writing-data.html
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
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diff --git a/instructor/12-dplyr.html b/instructor/12-dplyr.html
index fdef47f57..09aa030e6 100644
--- a/instructor/12-dplyr.html
+++ b/instructor/12-dplyr.html
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   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
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 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
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   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/13-tidyr.html b/instructor/13-tidyr.html
index e09261d3e..d2bbd101c 100644
--- a/instructor/13-tidyr.html
+++ b/instructor/13-tidyr.html
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/13-tidyr.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html b/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html
index 8c87eaecf..b8eeb2082 100644
--- a/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html
+++ b/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In RStudio, select File &gt; New file &gt; R Markdown…</p>
 <p>Delete the placeholder text and add the following:</p>
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r load-ggplot2}
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r echo = FALSE, fig.width = 3}
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s some inline code to determine that 2 + 2 = <code>4</code>.</p>
 </div>
@@ -938,7 +938,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/14-knitr-markdown.html",
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   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/15-wrap-up.html b/instructor/15-wrap-up.html
index 7c0c5a280..b62800448 100644
--- a/instructor/15-wrap-up.html
+++ b/instructor/15-wrap-up.html
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/404.html b/instructor/404.html
index 289e71111..cb51a265a 100644
--- a/instructor/404.html
+++ b/instructor/404.html
@@ -463,8 +463,8 @@ <h1>Page not found</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/404.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/404.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html b/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
index 241d68712..72140f795 100644
--- a/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
+++ b/instructor/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.html
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ <h1>Contributor Code of Conduct</h1>
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   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
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   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/LICENSE.html b/instructor/LICENSE.html
index 4a1e41a47..0b42b3b00 100644
--- a/instructor/LICENSE.html
+++ b/instructor/LICENSE.html
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ <h1>Licenses</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/LICENSE.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
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diff --git a/instructor/aio.html b/instructor/aio.html
index 5073fc550..c402fcb23 100644
--- a/instructor/aio.html
+++ b/instructor/aio.html
@@ -1784,7 +1784,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>By running these commands in the shell:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb1">
@@ -2176,7 +2176,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The <code>c()</code> function creates a vector, in which all elements
 are of the same type. In the first case, the elements are numeric, in
@@ -2206,7 +2206,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>To look at the help for the <code>paste()</code> function, use:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -2315,7 +2315,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The standard R function for reading tab-delimited files with a period
 decimal separator is read.delim(). You can also do this with
@@ -5417,7 +5417,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb34">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -5610,7 +5610,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb50">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -5864,7 +5864,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ul>
 <li>The <strong>wrong</strong> way to do this problem is
@@ -6155,7 +6155,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>D</p>
 </div>
@@ -6302,7 +6302,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb115">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -6367,7 +6367,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to challenge 6
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb122">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -6533,7 +6533,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution7">
   Solution to challenge 7
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7">
+<div id="collapseSolution7" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution7" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution7">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Fix each of the following common data frame subsetting errors:</p>
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
@@ -6618,7 +6618,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution8">
   Solution to challenge 8
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8">
+<div id="collapseSolution8" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution8" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution8">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <ol style="list-style-type: decimal">
 <li><p><code>gapminder</code> is a data.frame so needs to be subsetted
@@ -6827,7 +6827,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will first see a solution to Challenge 1 which does not use the
 <code>any()</code> function. We first obtain a logical vector describing
@@ -7170,7 +7170,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We can check whether the two vectors are identical using the
 <code>all()</code> function:</p>
@@ -7255,7 +7255,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p><strong>Step 1</strong>: We want to make sure we can extract all the
 unique values of the continent vector</p>
@@ -7337,7 +7337,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We modify our solution to Challenge 3 by now adding two thresholds,
 <code>lowerThreshold</code> and <code>upperThreshold</code> and
@@ -7387,7 +7387,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution for Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>We will use the <code>grep()</code> command that was introduced in
 the <a href="https://swcarpentry.github.io/shell-novice/07-find.html" class="external-link">Unix
@@ -7604,7 +7604,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is one possible solution:</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb5">
@@ -7645,7 +7645,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The solution presented below adds <code>color=continent</code> to the
 call of the <code>aes</code> function. The general trend seems to
@@ -7756,7 +7756,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>The lines now get drawn over the points!</p>
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb11">
@@ -7881,7 +7881,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4a
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: Notice that the <code>color</code> argument
 is supplied outside of the <code>aes()</code> function. This means that
@@ -7925,7 +7925,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 4b
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here is a possible solution: Notice that supplying the
 <code>color</code> argument inside the <code>aes()</code> functions
@@ -8083,7 +8083,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution6">
   Solution to Challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6">
+<div id="collapseSolution6" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution6" aria-labelledby="headingSolution6">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here a possible solution: <code>xlab()</code> and <code>ylab()</code>
 set labels for the x and y axes, respectively The axis title, text and
@@ -8878,7 +8878,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Write a function called <code>kelvin_to_celsius</code> that takes a
 temperature in Kelvin and returns that temperature in Celsius</p>
@@ -8936,7 +8936,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Define the function to convert directly from Fahrenheit to Celsius,
 by reusing these two functions above</p>
@@ -9071,7 +9071,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Extend our previous definition of the function by adding in an
 explicit call to <code>stopifnot()</code>. Since
@@ -9329,7 +9329,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb32">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -9387,7 +9387,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution5">
   Solution to challenge 5
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5">
+<div id="collapseSolution5" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution5" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution5">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Write a function called <code>fence()</code> that takes two vectors
 as arguments, called <code>text</code> and <code>wrapper</code>, and
@@ -9984,7 +9984,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb16">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10118,7 +10118,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb23">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -10486,7 +10486,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Advanced Challenge
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <div class="codewrapper sourceCode" id="cb52">
 <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-right"></i>
@@ -11458,7 +11458,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution1">
   Solution to Challenge 1
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1">
+<div id="collapseSolution1" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution1" aria-labelledby="headingSolution1">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>In RStudio, select File &gt; New file &gt; R Markdown…</p>
 <p>Delete the placeholder text and add the following:</p>
@@ -11540,7 +11540,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution2">
   Solution to Challenge 2
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2">
+<div id="collapseSolution2" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution2" aria-labelledby="headingSolution2">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r load-ggplot2}
@@ -11631,7 +11631,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution3">
   Solution to Challenge 3
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3">
+<div id="collapseSolution3" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution3" aria-labelledby="headingSolution3">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <pre>
 ```{r echo = FALSE, fig.width = 3}
@@ -11681,7 +11681,7 @@ <h4 class="accordion-header" id="headingSolution4">
   Solution to Challenge 4
   </h4>
 </button>
-<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4">
+<div id="collapseSolution4" class="accordion-collapse collapse" data-bs-parent="#accordionSolution4" aria-labelledby="headingSolution4">
 <div class="accordion-body">
 <p>Here’s some inline code to determine that 2 + 2 = <code>4</code>.</p>
 </div>
@@ -11971,8 +11971,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Key Points</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/aio.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/aio.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/discuss.html b/instructor/discuss.html
index bd3393b17..5b541b96e 100644
--- a/instructor/discuss.html
+++ b/instructor/discuss.html
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ <h1>Discussion</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/discuss.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/images.html b/instructor/images.html
index 06a1d4832..7407312ca 100644
--- a/instructor/images.html
+++ b/instructor/images.html
@@ -656,8 +656,8 @@ <h3 id="14-knitr-markdown-figure-3">Figure 3</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/images.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/images.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/index.html b/instructor/index.html
index 744310f96..a5c0ad749 100644
--- a/instructor/index.html
+++ b/instructor/index.html
@@ -629,8 +629,8 @@ <h3 class="callout-title">Prerequisites</h3>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/index.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/index.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/instructor-notes.html b/instructor/instructor-notes.html
index e8df08014..31b8c8fcc 100644
--- a/instructor/instructor-notes.html
+++ b/instructor/instructor-notes.html
@@ -694,8 +694,8 @@ <h3 class="code-label">R<i aria-hidden="true" data-feather="chevron-left"></i><i
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/instructor-notes.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/instructor-notes.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/key-points.html b/instructor/key-points.html
index 9d010b302..579faf1fd 100644
--- a/instructor/key-points.html
+++ b/instructor/key-points.html
@@ -633,8 +633,8 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/key-points.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/key-points.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/profiles.html b/instructor/profiles.html
index 91ecfc1e0..bcfc491f2 100644
--- a/instructor/profiles.html
+++ b/instructor/profiles.html
@@ -417,8 +417,8 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/profiles.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/profiles.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/instructor/reference.html b/instructor/reference.html
index 59ece3712..777ce2554 100644
--- a/instructor/reference.html
+++ b/instructor/reference.html
@@ -938,7 +938,7 @@ <h1>Reference</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/instructor/reference.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/key-points.html b/key-points.html
index 2a9d9a8a7..75aa69101 100644
--- a/key-points.html
+++ b/key-points.html
@@ -631,8 +631,8 @@ <h2 class="accordion-header" id="flush-headingTwelve">
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/key-points.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/key-points.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/pkgdown.yml b/pkgdown.yml
index 40f4e030f..1d17913b9 100644
--- a/pkgdown.yml
+++ b/pkgdown.yml
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ pandoc: 3.1.11
 pkgdown: 2.1.0
 pkgdown_sha: ~
 articles: {}
-last_built: 2024-09-10T00:20Z
+last_built: 2024-09-17T00:14Z
diff --git a/profiles.html b/profiles.html
index 82f5c2e74..715bbd199 100644
--- a/profiles.html
+++ b/profiles.html
@@ -417,8 +417,8 @@ <h1>Learner Profiles</h1>
   "url": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/profiles.html",
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/profiles.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
-  "dateModified": "2024-09-10",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "dateModified": "2024-09-17",
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>
diff --git a/reference.html b/reference.html
index c65f59075..fc143a8f7 100644
--- a/reference.html
+++ b/reference.html
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ <h1>Reference</h1>
   "identifier": "https://swcarpentry.github.io/r-novice-gapminder/reference.html",
   "dateCreated": "2015-04-18",
   "dateModified": "2024-08-08",
-  "datePublished": "2024-09-10"
+  "datePublished": "2024-09-17"
 }
 
   </script><script>