diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 0aab2b03..d18622a8 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ either = "1.6"
 fail = "0.4"
 futures = { version = "0.3" }
 lazy_static = "1"
-log = "0.4"
+log = { version = "0.4", features = ["kv_unstable"] }
+minitrace = "0.6.2"
 pin-project = "1"
 prometheus = { version = "0.13", default-features = false }
 prost = "0.12"
diff --git a/src/kv/mod.rs b/src/kv/mod.rs
index 489110e6..9e9cc6b1 100644
--- a/src/kv/mod.rs
+++ b/src/kv/mod.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub use key::Key;
 pub use kvpair::KvPair;
 pub use value::Value;
 
-struct HexRepr<'a>(pub &'a [u8]);
+pub struct HexRepr<'a>(pub &'a [u8]);
 
 impl<'a> fmt::Display for HexRepr<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
diff --git a/src/pd/cluster.rs b/src/pd/cluster.rs
index 3df4d255..2176d7ff 100644
--- a/src/pd/cluster.rs
+++ b/src/pd/cluster.rs
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ impl Connection {
         Connection { security_mgr }
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn connect_cluster(
         &self,
         endpoints: &[String],
@@ -122,6 +123,7 @@ impl Connection {
     }
 
     // Re-establish connection with PD leader in asynchronous fashion.
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn reconnect(&self, cluster: &mut Cluster, timeout: Duration) -> Result<()> {
         warn!("updating pd client");
         let start = Instant::now();
diff --git a/src/pd/retry.rs b/src/pd/retry.rs
index 3c17a49e..ffe2a7df 100644
--- a/src/pd/retry.rs
+++ b/src/pd/retry.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
+use log::debug;
+use minitrace::prelude::*;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use tokio::time::sleep;
 
@@ -74,7 +76,9 @@ macro_rules! retry_core {
     ($self: ident, $tag: literal, $call: expr) => {{
         let stats = pd_stats($tag);
         let mut last_err = Ok(());
-        for _ in 0..LEADER_CHANGE_RETRY {
+        for retry in 0..LEADER_CHANGE_RETRY {
+            let _span = LocalSpan::enter_with_local_parent("RetryClient::retry");
+
             let res = $call;
 
             match stats.done(res) {
@@ -82,6 +86,7 @@ macro_rules! retry_core {
                 Err(e) => last_err = Err(e),
             }
 
+            debug!("retry {} on last_err: {:?}", retry, last_err);
             let mut reconnect_count = MAX_REQUEST_COUNT;
             while let Err(e) = $self.reconnect(RECONNECT_INTERVAL_SEC).await {
                 reconnect_count -= 1;
@@ -142,6 +147,7 @@ impl RetryClient<Cluster> {
 impl RetryClientTrait for RetryClient<Cluster> {
     // These get_* functions will try multiple times to make a request, reconnecting as necessary.
     // It does not know about encoding. Caller should take care of it.
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn get_region(self: Arc<Self>, key: Vec<u8>) -> Result<RegionWithLeader> {
         retry_mut!(self, "get_region", |cluster| {
             let key = key.clone();
@@ -156,6 +162,7 @@ impl RetryClientTrait for RetryClient<Cluster> {
         })
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn get_region_by_id(self: Arc<Self>, region_id: RegionId) -> Result<RegionWithLeader> {
         retry_mut!(self, "get_region_by_id", |cluster| async {
             cluster
@@ -167,6 +174,7 @@ impl RetryClientTrait for RetryClient<Cluster> {
         })
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn get_store(self: Arc<Self>, id: StoreId) -> Result<metapb::Store> {
         retry_mut!(self, "get_store", |cluster| async {
             cluster
@@ -176,6 +184,7 @@ impl RetryClientTrait for RetryClient<Cluster> {
         })
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn get_all_stores(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result<Vec<metapb::Store>> {
         retry_mut!(self, "get_all_stores", |cluster| async {
             cluster
@@ -185,10 +194,12 @@ impl RetryClientTrait for RetryClient<Cluster> {
         })
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn get_timestamp(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result<Timestamp> {
         retry!(self, "get_timestamp", |cluster| cluster.get_timestamp())
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn update_safepoint(self: Arc<Self>, safepoint: u64) -> Result<bool> {
         retry_mut!(self, "update_gc_safepoint", |cluster| async {
             cluster
@@ -277,7 +288,7 @@ mod test {
         }
 
         async fn retry_ok(client: Arc<MockClient>) -> Result<()> {
-            retry!(client, "test", |_c| ready(Ok::<_, Error>(())))
+            retry_mut!(client, "test", |_c| ready(Ok::<_, Error>(())))
         }
 
         executor::block_on(async {
@@ -342,7 +353,7 @@ mod test {
             client: Arc<MockClient>,
             max_retries: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
         ) -> Result<()> {
-            retry!(client, "test", |c| {
+            retry_mut!(client, "test", |c| {
                 c.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
 
                 let max_retries = max_retries.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst) - 1;
diff --git a/src/pd/timestamp.rs b/src/pd/timestamp.rs
index a1cc7fbd..bddb613a 100644
--- a/src/pd/timestamp.rs
+++ b/src/pd/timestamp.rs
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use futures::task::Context;
 use futures::task::Poll;
 use log::debug;
 use log::info;
+use minitrace::prelude::*;
 use pin_project::pin_project;
 use tokio::sync::mpsc;
 use tokio::sync::oneshot;
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ impl TimestampOracle {
         Ok(TimestampOracle { request_tx })
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub(crate) async fn get_timestamp(self) -> Result<Timestamp> {
         debug!("getting current timestamp");
         let (request, response) = oneshot::channel();
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ impl TimestampOracle {
     }
 }
 
+#[minitrace::trace]
 async fn run_tso(
     cluster_id: u64,
     mut pd_client: PdClient<Channel>,
@@ -98,6 +101,9 @@ async fn run_tso(
     let mut responses = pd_client.tso(request_stream).await?.into_inner();
 
     while let Some(Ok(resp)) = responses.next().await {
+        let _span = LocalSpan::enter_with_local_parent("handle_response");
+        debug!("got response: {:?}", resp);
+
         {
             let mut pending_requests = pending_requests.lock().await;
             allocate_timestamps(&resp, &mut pending_requests)?;
@@ -128,6 +134,7 @@ struct TsoRequestStream {
 impl Stream for TsoRequestStream {
     type Item = TsoRequest;
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
         let mut this = self.project();
 
@@ -152,6 +159,12 @@ impl Stream for TsoRequestStream {
             }
         }
 
+        debug!(
+            "got requests: len {}, pending_requests {}",
+            requests.len(),
+            pending_requests.len()
+        );
+
         if !requests.is_empty() {
             let req = TsoRequest {
                 header: Some(RequestHeader {
@@ -168,6 +181,12 @@ impl Stream for TsoRequestStream {
             };
             pending_requests.push_back(request_group);
 
+            debug!(
+                "sending request to PD: {:?}, pending_requests {}",
+                req,
+                pending_requests.len()
+            );
+
             Poll::Ready(Some(req))
         } else {
             // Set the waker to the context, then the stream can be waked up after the pending queue
diff --git a/src/raw/requests.rs b/src/raw/requests.rs
index 23bfce73..2e4bfc8e 100644
--- a/src/raw/requests.rs
+++ b/src/raw/requests.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright 2019 TiKV Project Authors. Licensed under Apache-2.0.
 
 use std::any::Any;
+use std::fmt::Formatter;
 use std::ops::Range;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -404,6 +405,14 @@ impl Request for RawCoprocessorRequest {
     }
 }
 
+impl std::fmt::Debug for RawCoprocessorRequest {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("RawCoprocessorRequest")
+            .field("inner", &self.inner)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 impl KvRequest for RawCoprocessorRequest {
     type Response = kvrpcpb::RawCoprocessorResponse;
 }
diff --git a/src/request/mod.rs b/src/request/mod.rs
index aecaf26d..b975dc4b 100644
--- a/src/request/mod.rs
+++ b/src/request/mod.rs
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ mod test {
 
         impl HasLocks for MockRpcResponse {}
 
-        #[derive(Clone)]
+        #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
         struct MockKvRequest {
             test_invoking_count: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
         }
diff --git a/src/request/plan.rs b/src/request/plan.rs
index ab72e8aa..1cbd6276 100644
--- a/src/request/plan.rs
+++ b/src/request/plan.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ use futures::future::try_join_all;
 use futures::prelude::*;
 use log::debug;
 use log::info;
+use minitrace::future::FutureExt;
+use minitrace::prelude::*;
 use tokio::sync::Semaphore;
 use tokio::time::sleep;
 
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ pub struct Dispatch<Req: KvRequest> {
 impl<Req: KvRequest> Plan for Dispatch<Req> {
     type Result = Req::Response;
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn execute(&self) -> Result<Self::Result> {
         let stats = tikv_stats(self.request.label());
         let result = self
@@ -104,6 +107,7 @@ where
 {
     // A plan may involve multiple shards
     #[async_recursion]
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn single_plan_handler(
         pd_client: Arc<PdC>,
         current_plan: P,
@@ -117,14 +121,17 @@ where
             let (shard, region_store) = shard?;
             let mut clone = current_plan.clone();
             clone.apply_shard(shard, &region_store)?;
-            let handle = tokio::spawn(Self::single_shard_handler(
-                pd_client.clone(),
-                clone,
-                region_store,
-                backoff.clone(),
-                permits.clone(),
-                preserve_region_results,
-            ));
+            let handle = tokio::spawn(
+                Self::single_shard_handler(
+                    pd_client.clone(),
+                    clone,
+                    region_store,
+                    backoff.clone(),
+                    permits.clone(),
+                    preserve_region_results,
+                )
+                .in_span(Span::enter_with_local_parent("single_shard_handler")),
+            );
             handles.push(handle);
         }
 
@@ -149,6 +156,7 @@ where
     }
 
     #[async_recursion]
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn single_shard_handler(
         pd_client: Arc<PdC>,
         plan: P,
@@ -210,11 +218,17 @@ where
     // 1. Ok(true): error has been resolved, retry immediately
     // 2. Ok(false): backoff, and then retry
     // 3. Err(Error): can't be resolved, return the error to upper level
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn handle_region_error(
         pd_client: Arc<PdC>,
         e: errorpb::Error,
         region_store: RegionStore,
     ) -> Result<bool> {
+        debug!(
+            "handle_region_error, error:{:?}, region_store:{:?}",
+            e, region_store
+        );
+
         let ver_id = region_store.region_with_leader.ver_id();
         if let Some(not_leader) = e.not_leader {
             if let Some(leader) = not_leader.leader {
@@ -266,6 +280,7 @@ where
     // 1. Ok(true): error has been resolved, retry immediately
     // 2. Ok(false): backoff, and then retry
     // 3. Err(Error): can't be resolved, return the error to upper level
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn on_region_epoch_not_match(
         pd_client: Arc<PdC>,
         region_store: RegionStore,
@@ -302,6 +317,7 @@ where
         Ok(false)
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn handle_grpc_error(
         pd_client: Arc<PdC>,
         plan: P,
@@ -349,6 +365,7 @@ where
 {
     type Result = Vec<Result<P::Result>>;
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn execute(&self) -> Result<Self::Result> {
         // Limit the maximum concurrency of multi-region request. If there are
         // too many concurrent requests, TiKV is more likely to return a "TiKV
@@ -469,6 +486,7 @@ impl<In: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static, P: Plan<Result = Vec<Result<In>>>, M: Me
 {
     type Result = M::Out;
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn execute(&self) -> Result<Self::Result> {
         self.merge.merge(self.inner.execute().await?)
     }
@@ -565,27 +583,43 @@ where
 {
     type Result = P::Result;
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn execute(&self) -> Result<Self::Result> {
         let mut result = self.inner.execute().await?;
         let mut clone = self.clone();
+        let mut retry_cnt = 0;
         loop {
+            retry_cnt += 1;
+            let _span = LocalSpan::enter_with_local_parent("ResolveLock::execute::retry")
+                .with_property(|| ("retry_count", retry_cnt.to_string()));
+
             let locks = result.take_locks();
             if locks.is_empty() {
+                debug!("ResolveLock::execute ok");
                 return Ok(result);
             }
 
             if self.backoff.is_none() {
+                debug!("ResolveLock::execute lock error");
                 return Err(Error::ResolveLockError(locks));
             }
 
             let pd_client = self.pd_client.clone();
             let live_locks = resolve_locks(locks, pd_client.clone()).await?;
             if live_locks.is_empty() {
+                debug!("ResolveLock::execute lock error retry (resolved)",);
                 result = self.inner.execute().await?;
             } else {
                 match clone.backoff.next_delay_duration() {
-                    None => return Err(Error::ResolveLockError(live_locks)),
+                    None => {
+                        debug!("ResolveLock::execute lock error");
+                        return Err(Error::ResolveLockError(live_locks));
+                    }
                     Some(delay_duration) => {
+                        debug!(
+                            "ResolveLock::execute lock error retry (delay {:?})",
+                            delay_duration
+                        );
                         sleep(delay_duration).await;
                         result = clone.inner.execute().await?;
                     }
@@ -595,7 +629,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Default)]
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 pub struct CleanupLocksResult {
     pub region_error: Option<errorpb::Error>,
     pub key_error: Option<Vec<Error>>,
@@ -667,6 +701,7 @@ where
 {
     type Result = CleanupLocksResult;
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn execute(&self) -> Result<Self::Result> {
         let mut result = CleanupLocksResult::default();
         let mut inner = self.inner.clone();
diff --git a/src/request/plan_builder.rs b/src/request/plan_builder.rs
index 8e2329e7..e66ce03f 100644
--- a/src/request/plan_builder.rs
+++ b/src/request/plan_builder.rs
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ where
 
     /// Preserve all results, even some of them are Err.
     /// To pass all responses to merge, and handle partial successful results correctly.
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub fn retry_multi_region_preserve_results(
         self,
         backoff: Backoff,
diff --git a/src/store/mod.rs b/src/store/mod.rs
index a244a1bc..fdfb232b 100644
--- a/src/store/mod.rs
+++ b/src/store/mod.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ mod request;
 
 use std::cmp::max;
 use std::cmp::min;
+use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -33,6 +34,33 @@ pub struct RegionStore {
     pub client: Arc<dyn KvClient + Send + Sync>,
 }
 
+impl fmt::Debug for RegionStore {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("RegionStore")
+            .field("region_id", &self.region_with_leader.region.id)
+            .field(
+                "region_version",
+                &self
+                    .region_with_leader
+                    .region
+                    .region_epoch
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|e| e.version)
+                    .unwrap_or_default(),
+            )
+            .field(
+                "leader_store_id",
+                &self
+                    .region_with_leader
+                    .leader
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|l| l.store_id)
+                    .unwrap_or_default(),
+            )
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(new, Clone)]
 pub struct Store {
     pub client: Arc<dyn KvClient + Send + Sync>,
diff --git a/src/store/request.rs b/src/store/request.rs
index e11fc8f1..f3b5e450 100644
--- a/src/store/request.rs
+++ b/src/store/request.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright 2020 TiKV Project Authors. Licensed under Apache-2.0.
 
 use std::any::Any;
+use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::Error;
 use crate::Result;
 
 #[async_trait]
-pub trait Request: Any + Sync + Send + 'static {
+pub trait Request: Any + Sync + Send + Debug + 'static {
     async fn dispatch(
         &self,
         client: &TikvClient<Channel>,
diff --git a/src/transaction/client.rs b/src/transaction/client.rs
index 4bcb16d9..55275a3c 100644
--- a/src/transaction/client.rs
+++ b/src/transaction/client.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use log::as_debug;
 use log::debug;
 use log::info;
 
@@ -248,14 +249,17 @@ impl<Cod: Codec> Client<Cod> {
     ///
     /// This is a simplified version of [GC in TiDB](https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/garbage-collection-overview).
     /// We skip the second step "delete ranges" which is an optimization for TiDB.
-    pub async fn gc(&self, safepoint: Timestamp) -> Result<bool> {
-        debug!("invoking transactional gc request");
+    #[minitrace::trace]
+    pub async fn gc(&self, range: impl Into<BoundRange>, safepoint: Timestamp) -> Result<bool> {
+        let range = range.into();
+        debug!(range = as_debug!(range); "invoking transactional gc request");
 
         let options = ResolveLocksOptions {
             batch_size: SCAN_LOCK_BATCH_SIZE,
             ..Default::default()
         };
-        self.cleanup_locks(.., &safepoint, options).await?;
+
+        self.cleanup_locks(range, &safepoint, options).await?;
 
         // update safepoint to PD
         let res: bool = self
@@ -269,17 +273,19 @@ impl<Cod: Codec> Client<Cod> {
         Ok(res)
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn cleanup_locks(
         &self,
         range: impl Into<BoundRange>,
         safepoint: &Timestamp,
         options: ResolveLocksOptions,
     ) -> Result<CleanupLocksResult> {
-        debug!("invoking cleanup async commit locks");
+        let range = range.into();
+        debug!(range = as_debug!(range); "invoking transactional gc request");
         // scan all locks with ts <= safepoint
         let ctx = ResolveLocksContext::default();
         let backoff = Backoff::equal_jitter_backoff(100, 10000, 50);
-        let req = new_scan_lock_request(range.into(), safepoint, options.batch_size);
+        let req = new_scan_lock_request(range, safepoint, options.batch_size);
         let encoded_req = EncodedRequest::new(req, self.pd.get_codec());
         let plan = crate::request::PlanBuilder::new(self.pd.clone(), encoded_req)
             .cleanup_locks(ctx.clone(), options, backoff)
diff --git a/src/transaction/lock.rs b/src/transaction/lock.rs
index afb1d6c4..ab91ed6b 100644
--- a/src/transaction/lock.rs
+++ b/src/transaction/lock.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,17 @@ use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use fail::fail_point;
+use log::as_display;
 use log::debug;
 use log::error;
+use log::info;
+use minitrace::prelude::*;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 
 use crate::backoff::Backoff;
 use crate::backoff::DEFAULT_REGION_BACKOFF;
 use crate::backoff::OPTIMISTIC_BACKOFF;
+use crate::kv::HexRepr;
 use crate::pd::PdClient;
 use crate::proto::kvrpcpb;
 use crate::proto::kvrpcpb::TxnInfo;
@@ -41,6 +45,7 @@ const RESOLVE_LOCK_RETRY_LIMIT: usize = 10;
 /// the key. We first use `CleanupRequest` to let the status of the primary lock converge and get
 /// its status (committed or rolled back). Then, we use the status of its primary lock to determine
 /// the status of the other keys in the same transaction.
+#[minitrace::trace]
 pub async fn resolve_locks(
     locks: Vec<kvrpcpb::LockInfo>,
     pd_client: Arc<impl PdClient>,
@@ -54,11 +59,23 @@ pub async fn resolve_locks(
                 ts.physical - Timestamp::from_version(lock.lock_version).physical
                     >= lock.lock_ttl as i64
             });
+    debug!(
+        "resolving locks: expired_locks {:?}, live_locks {:?}",
+        expired_locks, live_locks
+    );
 
     // records the commit version of each primary lock (representing the status of the transaction)
     let mut commit_versions: HashMap<u64, u64> = HashMap::new();
     let mut clean_regions: HashMap<u64, HashSet<RegionVerId>> = HashMap::new();
     for lock in expired_locks {
+        let _span =
+            LocalSpan::enter_with_local_parent("cleanup_expired_lock").with_properties(|| {
+                [
+                    ("lock_version", lock.lock_version.to_string()),
+                    ("primary_lock", HexRepr(&lock.primary_lock).to_string()),
+                ]
+            });
+
         let region_ver_id = pd_client
             .region_for_key(&lock.primary_lock.clone().into())
             .await?
@@ -75,6 +92,7 @@ pub async fn resolve_locks(
         let commit_version = match commit_versions.get(&lock.lock_version) {
             Some(&commit_version) => commit_version,
             None => {
+                debug!("cleanup lock");
                 let request = requests::new_cleanup_request(lock.primary_lock, lock.lock_version);
                 let encoded_req = EncodedRequest::new(request, pd_client.get_codec());
                 let plan = crate::request::PlanBuilder::new(pd_client.clone(), encoded_req)
@@ -84,6 +102,7 @@ pub async fn resolve_locks(
                     .post_process_default()
                     .plan();
                 let commit_version = plan.execute().await?;
+                debug!("cleanup lock done: commit_version {}", commit_version);
                 commit_versions.insert(lock.lock_version, commit_version);
                 commit_version
             }
@@ -104,6 +123,7 @@ pub async fn resolve_locks(
     Ok(live_locks)
 }
 
+#[minitrace::trace]
 async fn resolve_lock_with_retry(
     #[allow(clippy::ptr_arg)] key: &Vec<u8>,
     start_version: u64,
@@ -134,6 +154,7 @@ async fn resolve_lock_with_retry(
                 // ResolveLockResponse can have at most 1 error
                 match errors.pop() {
                     e @ Some(Error::RegionError(_)) => {
+                        pd_client.invalidate_region_cache(ver_id).await;
                         error = e;
                         continue;
                     }
@@ -209,6 +230,7 @@ impl LockResolver {
     /// _Cleanup_ the given locks. Returns whether all the given locks are resolved.
     ///
     /// Note: Will rollback RUNNING transactions. ONLY use in GC.
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn cleanup_locks(
         &mut self,
         store: RegionStore,
@@ -244,6 +266,12 @@ impl LockResolver {
                     l.lock_type == kvrpcpb::Op::PessimisticLock as i32,
                 )
                 .await?;
+            debug!(
+                "cleanup_locks: txn_id:{}, primary:{}, status:{:?}",
+                txn_id,
+                HexRepr(&l.primary_lock),
+                status
+            );
 
             // If the transaction uses async commit, check_txn_status will reject rolling back the primary lock.
             // Then we need to check the secondary locks to determine the final status of the transaction.
@@ -290,7 +318,7 @@ impl LockResolver {
             match &status.kind {
                 TransactionStatusKind::Locked(_, lock_info) => {
                     error!(
-                        "cleanup_locks fail to clean locks, this result is not expected. txn_id:{}",
+                        "cleanup_locks: fail to clean locks, this result is not expected. txn_id:{}",
                         txn_id
                     );
                     return Err(Error::ResolveLockError(vec![lock_info.clone()]));
@@ -301,7 +329,7 @@ impl LockResolver {
         }
 
         debug!(
-            "batch resolve locks, region:{:?}, txn:{:?}",
+            "cleanup_locks: batch resolve locks, region:{:?}, txn:{:?}",
             store.region_with_leader.ver_id(),
             txn_infos
         );
@@ -317,6 +345,10 @@ impl LockResolver {
         let cleaned_region = self
             .batch_resolve_locks(pd_client.clone(), store.clone(), txn_info_vec)
             .await?;
+        debug!(
+            "cleanup_locks: batch resolve locks, cleaned_region:{:?}",
+            cleaned_region
+        );
         for txn_id in txn_ids {
             self.ctx
                 .save_cleaned_region(txn_id, cleaned_region.clone())
@@ -327,6 +359,7 @@ impl LockResolver {
     }
 
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn check_txn_status(
         &mut self,
         pd_client: Arc<impl PdClient>,
@@ -338,6 +371,8 @@ impl LockResolver {
         force_sync_commit: bool,
         resolving_pessimistic_lock: bool,
     ) -> Result<Arc<TransactionStatus>> {
+        info!("primary" = as_display!(HexRepr(&primary)); "check_txn_status");
+
         if let Some(txn_status) = self.ctx.get_resolved(txn_id).await {
             return Ok(txn_status);
         }
@@ -370,6 +405,7 @@ impl LockResolver {
 
         let current = pd_client.clone().get_timestamp().await?;
         res.check_ttl(current);
+        debug!("check_txn_status: status:{:?}", res);
         let res = Arc::new(res);
         if res.is_cacheable() {
             self.ctx.save_resolved(txn_id, res.clone()).await;
@@ -377,6 +413,7 @@ impl LockResolver {
         Ok(res)
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn check_all_secondaries(
         &mut self,
         pd_client: Arc<impl PdClient>,
@@ -393,6 +430,7 @@ impl LockResolver {
         plan.execute().await
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn batch_resolve_locks(
         &mut self,
         pd_client: Arc<impl PdClient>,
diff --git a/src/transaction/requests.rs b/src/transaction/requests.rs
index 6d3c0999..798a68ea 100644
--- a/src/transaction/requests.rs
+++ b/src/transaction/requests.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use either::Either;
 use futures::stream::BoxStream;
 use futures::stream::{self};
 use futures::StreamExt;
+use log::debug;
 
 use super::transaction::TXN_COMMIT_BATCH_SIZE;
 use crate::collect_first;
@@ -175,7 +176,14 @@ shardable_range!(kvrpcpb::ScanRequest);
 impl Merge<kvrpcpb::ScanResponse> for Collect {
     type Out = Vec<KvPair>;
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     fn merge(&self, input: Vec<Result<kvrpcpb::ScanResponse>>) -> Result<Self::Out> {
+        let length: usize = input
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| r.as_ref().map(|r| r.pairs.len()).unwrap_or_default())
+            .sum();
+        debug!("Collect<ScanResponse>::merge: result length {}", length);
+
         input
             .into_iter()
             .flat_map_ok(|resp| resp.pairs.into_iter().map(Into::into))
@@ -816,6 +824,7 @@ impl Merge<kvrpcpb::CheckSecondaryLocksResponse> for Collect {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct SecondaryLocksStatus {
     pub commit_ts: Option<Timestamp>,
     pub min_commit_ts: u64,
diff --git a/src/transaction/snapshot.rs b/src/transaction/snapshot.rs
index 0d1e4803..85573d99 100644
--- a/src/transaction/snapshot.rs
+++ b/src/transaction/snapshot.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Snapshot<Cod, PdC> {
     }
 
     /// Scan a range, return at most `limit` key-value pairs that lying in the range.
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn scan(
         &mut self,
         range: impl Into<BoundRange>,
diff --git a/src/transaction/transaction.rs b/src/transaction/transaction.rs
index e984f153..16e26383 100644
--- a/src/transaction/transaction.rs
+++ b/src/transaction/transaction.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2019 TiKV Project Authors. Licensed under Apache-2.0.
 
+use std::fmt;
 use std::iter;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::sync::atomic;
@@ -10,9 +11,11 @@ use std::time::Instant;
 use derive_new::new;
 use fail::fail_point;
 use futures::prelude::*;
+use log::as_debug;
 use log::debug;
+use log::info;
 use log::warn;
-use tokio::time::Duration;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 use crate::backoff::Backoff;
 use crate::backoff::DEFAULT_REGION_BACKOFF;
@@ -88,6 +91,17 @@ pub struct Transaction<Cod: Codec = ApiV1TxnCodec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod> =
     phantom: PhantomData<Cod>,
 }
 
+impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> fmt::Debug for Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Transaction")
+            .field("timestamp", &self.timestamp)
+            .field("options", &self.options)
+            .field("is_heartbeat_started", &self.is_heartbeat_started)
+            .field("start_instant", &self.start_instant)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
     pub(crate) fn new(
         timestamp: Timestamp,
@@ -354,6 +368,7 @@ impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
     /// txn.commit().await.unwrap();
     /// # });
     /// ```
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn scan(
         &mut self,
         range: impl Into<BoundRange>,
@@ -390,6 +405,7 @@ impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
     /// txn.commit().await.unwrap();
     /// # });
     /// ```
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn scan_keys(
         &mut self,
         range: impl Into<BoundRange>,
@@ -405,6 +421,7 @@ impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
     /// Create a 'scan_reverse' request.
     ///
     /// Similar to [`scan`](Transaction::scan), but scans in the reverse direction.
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn scan_reverse(
         &mut self,
         range: impl Into<BoundRange>,
@@ -417,6 +434,7 @@ impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
     /// Create a 'scan_keys_reverse' request.
     ///
     /// Similar to [`scan`](Transaction::scan_keys), but scans in the reverse direction.
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     pub async fn scan_keys_reverse(
         &mut self,
         range: impl Into<BoundRange>,
@@ -755,6 +773,7 @@ impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
         plan.execute().await
     }
 
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     async fn scan_inner(
         &mut self,
         range: impl Into<BoundRange>,
@@ -767,9 +786,12 @@ impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
         let rpc = self.rpc.clone();
         let retry_options = self.options.retry_options.clone();
 
+        let range = range.into();
+        info!(range = as_debug!(&range); "scanning range");
+
         self.buffer
             .scan_and_fetch(
-                range.into(),
+                range,
                 limit,
                 !key_only,
                 reverse,
@@ -1006,6 +1028,7 @@ impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
 }
 
 impl<Cod: Codec, PdC: PdClient<Codec = Cod>> Drop for Transaction<Cod, PdC> {
+    #[minitrace::trace]
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         debug!("dropping transaction");
         if std::thread::panicking() {
diff --git a/tests/integration_tests.rs b/tests/integration_tests.rs
index 71d48283..a56569ec 100644
--- a/tests/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/integration_tests.rs
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ async fn raw_req() -> Result<()> {
 async fn txn_update_safepoint() -> Result<()> {
     init().await?;
     let client = TransactionClient::new(pd_addrs()).await?;
-    let res = client.gc(client.current_timestamp().await?).await?;
+    let res = client.gc(.., client.current_timestamp().await?).await?;
     assert!(res);
     Ok(())
 }