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brunnhilde.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Brunnhilde
---
A Siegfried-based digital archives reporting tool
For information on usage and dependencies, see:
github.com/timothyryanwalsh/brunnhilde
Tested in Python 2.7 and 3.5
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2016 Tim Walsh
http://bitarchivist.net
"""
import argparse
from collections import OrderedDict
import csv
import datetime
import errno
from itertools import islice
import os
import re
import shutil
import sqlite3
import subprocess
import sys
def run_siegfried(args, source_dir):
"""Run siegfried on directory"""
print("\nRunning Siegfried against %s. This may take a few minutes." % source_dir)
global sf_command
hash_type = 'md5'
if args.hash == 'sha1':
hash_type = 'sha1'
elif args.hash == 'sha256':
hash_type = 'sha256'
elif args.hash == 'sha512':
hash_type = 'sha512'
sf_command = "sf -csv -hash %s '%s' > '%s'" % (hash_type, source_dir, sf_file)
if args.scanarchives == True:
sf_command = sf_command.replace('sf -csv', 'sf -z -csv')
if args.throttle == True:
sf_command = sf_command.replace('-csv -hash', '-csv -throttle 10ms -hash')
subprocess.call(sf_command, shell=True)
print("\nCharacterization complete. Processing results.")
return sf_command
def run_clamav(source_dir):
"""Run ClamAV on directory"""
timestamp = str(datetime.datetime.now())
print("\nRunning virus check on %s. This may take a few minutes." % source_dir)
virus_log = os.path.join(log_dir, 'viruscheck-log.txt')
clamav_command = "clamscan -i -r '%s' | tee '%s'" % (source_dir, virus_log)
subprocess.call(clamav_command, shell=True)
# add timestamp
target = open(virus_log, 'a')
target.write("Date scanned: %s" % timestamp)
target.close()
# check log for infected files
if "Infected files: 0" not in open(virus_log).read():
print("\nWARNING: Infected file(s) found in %s. See %s for details." % (source_dir, virus_log))
else:
print("\nNo infections found in %s." % source_dir)
def run_bulkext(source_dir):
"""Run bulk extractor on directory"""
bulkext_log = os.path.join(log_dir, 'bulkext-log.txt')
print("\nRunning Bulk Extractor on %s. This may take a few minutes." % source_dir)
try:
os.makedirs(bulkext_dir)
except OSError as exception:
if exception.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
bulkext_command = "bulk_extractor -S ssn_mode=2 -o '%s' -R '%s' | tee '%s'" % (bulkext_dir, source_dir, bulkext_log)
subprocess.call(bulkext_command, shell=True)
def import_csv(cursor, conn):
"""Import csv file into sqlite db"""
with open(sf_file, 'r') as f:
reader = csv.reader(f)
header = True
for row in reader:
if header:
header = False # gather column names from first row of csv
sql = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS siegfried"
cursor.execute(sql)
sql = "CREATE TABLE siegfried (filename text, filesize text, modified text, errors text, hash text, namespace text, id text, format text, version text, mime text, basis text, warning text)"
cursor.execute(sql)
insertsql = "INSERT INTO siegfried VALUES (%s)" % (", ".join([ "?" for column in row ]))
rowlen = len(row)
else:
# skip lines that don't have right number of columns
if len(row) == rowlen:
cursor.execute(insertsql, row)
conn.commit()
def get_stats(args, source_dir, scan_started, cursor, html, brunnhilde_version, siegfried_version):
"""Get aggregate statistics and write to html report"""
# get stats from sqlite db
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) from siegfried;") # total files
num_files = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT hash) from siegfried WHERE filesize<>'0';") # distinct files
distinct_files = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) from siegfried where filesize='0';") # empty files
empty_files = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(hash) FROM siegfried t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 from siegfried t2 WHERE t2.hash = t1.hash AND t1.filename != t2.filename) AND filesize<>'0'") # duplicates
all_dupes = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT hash) FROM siegfried t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 from siegfried t2 WHERE t2.hash = t1.hash AND t1.filename != t2.filename) AND filesize<>'0'") # distinct duplicates
distinct_dupes = cursor.fetchone()[0]
duplicate_copies = int(all_dupes) - int(distinct_dupes) # number of duplicate copies of unique files
duplicate_copies = str(duplicate_copies)
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM siegfried WHERE id='UNKNOWN';") # unidentified files
unidentified_files = cursor.fetchone()[0]
year_sql = "SELECT DISTINCT SUBSTR(modified, 1, 4) as 'year' FROM siegfried;" # min and max year
year_path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'uniqueyears.csv')
with open(year_path, 'w') as year_report:
w = csv.writer(year_report)
for row in cursor.execute(year_sql):
w.writerow(row)
with open(year_path, 'r') as year_report:
r = csv.reader(year_report)
years = []
for row in r:
years.append(row[0])
begin_date = min(years, key=float)
end_date = max(years, key=float)
os.remove(year_path) # delete temporary "uniqueyear" file from csv reports directory
datemodified_sql = "SELECT DISTINCT modified FROM siegfried;" # min and max full modified date
datemodified_path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'datemodified.csv')
with open(datemodified_path, 'w') as date_report:
w = csv.writer(date_report)
for row in cursor.execute(datemodified_sql):
w.writerow(row)
with open(datemodified_path, 'r') as date_report:
r = csv.reader(date_report)
dates = []
for row in r:
dates.append(row[0])
earliest_date = min(dates)
latest_date = max(dates)
os.remove(datemodified_path)
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT format) as formats from siegfried WHERE format <> '';") # number of identfied file formats
num_formats = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM siegfried WHERE errors <> '';") # number of siegfried errors
num_errors = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM siegfried WHERE warning <> '';") # number of siegfried warnings
num_warnings = cursor.fetchone()[0]
# get size from du and format
size = subprocess.check_output(['du', '-sh', source_dir]).decode()
size = size.replace('%s' % source_dir, '')
size = size.replace('K', ' KB')
size = size.replace('M', ' MB')
size = size.replace('G', ' GB')
# write html
html.write('<!DOCTYPE html>')
html.write('\n<html lang="en">')
html.write('\n<head>')
html.write('\n<title>Brunnhilde report for: %s</title>' % basename)
html.write('\n<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">')
html.write('\n<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">')
html.write('\n</head>')
html.write('\n<body max>')
html.write('\n<h1>Brunnhilde HTML report</h1>')
html.write('\n<h3>Input source (directory or disk image)</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>%s</p>' % source)
html.write('\n<h3>Accession/Identifier</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>%s</p>' % basename)
html.write('\n<h2>Provenance information</h2>')
html.write('\n<h3>Brunnhilde version</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>%s</p>' % brunnhilde_version)
html.write('\n<h3>Siegfried version</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>%s</p>' % siegfried_version)
html.write('\n<h3>Siegfried command</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>%s</p>' % sf_command)
html.write('\n<h3>Time of scan</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>%s</p>' % scan_started)
html.write('\n<h2>Aggregate stats</h2>')
html.write('\n<h3>Overview</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>Total files: %s</p>' % num_files)
html.write('\n<p>Total size: %s</p>' % size)
html.write('\n<p>Years (last modified): %s - %s</p>' % (begin_date, end_date))
html.write('\n<p>Earliest date: %s</p>' % earliest_date)
html.write('\n<p>Latest date: %s</p>' % latest_date)
html.write('\n<h3>File contents*</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>Distinct files: %s</p>' % distinct_files)
html.write('\n<p>Distinct files that have duplicates: %s</p>' % distinct_dupes)
html.write('\n<p>Duplicate copies of distinct files: %s</p>' % duplicate_copies)
html.write('\n<p>Empty files: %s</p>' % empty_files)
html.write('\n<p>*<em>Calculated by hash value. Empty files are not counted in first three categories. Total files = distinct files + duplicate copies + empty files.</em></p>')
html.write('\n<h3>Format identification</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>Identified file formats: %s</p>' % num_formats)
html.write('\n<p>Unidentified files: %s</p>' % unidentified_files)
html.write('\n<p>Siegfried warnings: %s</p>' % num_warnings)
html.write('\n<h3>Errors</h3>')
html.write('\n<p>Siegfried errors: %s</p>' % num_errors)
html.write('\n<h2>Virus scan report</h2>')
if args.noclam == True:
html.write('\n<p>Virus scan skipped.</p>')
else:
with open(os.path.join(log_dir, 'viruscheck-log.txt')) as f:
virus_report = f.read()
html.write('\n<p>%s</p>' % virus_report)
html.write('\n<h2>Detailed reports</h2>')
html.write('\n<p><a href="#File formats">File formats</a></p>')
html.write('\n<p><a href="#File formats and versions">File formats and versions</a></p>')
html.write('\n<p><a href="#MIME types">MIME types</a></p>')
html.write('\n<p><a href="#Last modified dates by year">Last modified dates by year</a></p>')
html.write('\n<p><a href="#Unidentified">Unidentified</a></p>')
if args.showwarnings == True:
html.write('\n<p><a href="#Warnings">Warnings</a></p>')
html.write('\n<p><a href="#Errors">Errors</a></p>')
html.write('\n<p><a href="#Duplicates">Duplicates</a></p>')
if args.bulkextractor == True:
html.write('\n<p><a href="#Personally Identifiable Information (PII)">Personally Identifiable Information (PII)</a></p>')
def generate_reports(args, cursor, html):
"""Run sql queries on db to generate reports, write to csv and html"""
full_header = ['Filename', 'Filesize', 'Date modified', 'Errors', 'Checksum',
'Namespace', 'ID', 'Format', 'Format version', 'MIME type',
'Basis for ID', 'Warning']
# sorted format list report
sql = "SELECT format, id, COUNT(*) as 'num' FROM siegfried GROUP BY format ORDER BY num DESC"
path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'formats.csv')
format_header = ['Format', 'ID', 'Count']
sqlite_to_csv(sql, path, format_header, cursor)
write_html('File formats', path, ',', html)
# sorted format and version list report
sql = "SELECT format, id, version, COUNT(*) as 'num' FROM siegfried GROUP BY format, version ORDER BY num DESC"
path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'formatVersions.csv')
version_header = ['Format', 'ID', 'Version', 'Count']
sqlite_to_csv(sql, path, version_header, cursor)
write_html('File formats and versions', path, ',', html)
# sorted mimetype list report
sql = "SELECT mime, COUNT(*) as 'num' FROM siegfried GROUP BY mime ORDER BY num DESC"
path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'mimetypes.csv')
mime_header = ['MIME type', 'Count']
sqlite_to_csv(sql, path, mime_header, cursor)
write_html('MIME types', path, ',', html)
# dates report
sql = "SELECT SUBSTR(modified, 1, 4) as 'year', COUNT(*) as 'num' FROM siegfried GROUP BY year ORDER BY num DESC"
path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'years.csv')
year_header = ['Year Last Modified', 'Count']
sqlite_to_csv(sql, path, year_header, cursor)
write_html('Last modified dates by year', path, ',', html)
# unidentified files report
sql = "SELECT * FROM siegfried WHERE id='UNKNOWN';"
path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'unidentified.csv')
sqlite_to_csv(sql, path, full_header, cursor)
write_html('Unidentified', path, ',', html)
# warnings report
sql = "SELECT * FROM siegfried WHERE warning <> '';"
path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'warnings.csv')
sqlite_to_csv(sql, path, full_header, cursor)
if args.showwarnings == True:
write_html('Warnings', path, ',', html)
# errors report
sql = "SELECT * FROM siegfried WHERE errors <> '';"
path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'errors.csv')
sqlite_to_csv(sql, path, full_header, cursor)
write_html('Errors', path, ',', html)
# duplicates report
sql = "SELECT * FROM siegfried t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 from siegfried t2 WHERE t2.hash = t1.hash AND t1.filename != t2.filename) AND filesize<>'0' ORDER BY hash;"
path = os.path.join(csv_dir, 'duplicates.csv')
sqlite_to_csv(sql, path, full_header, cursor)
write_html('Duplicates', path, ',', html)
def sqlite_to_csv(sql, path, header, cursor):
"""Write sql query result to csv"""
with open(path, 'w') as report:
w = csv.writer(report)
w.writerow(header)
for row in cursor.execute(sql):
w.writerow(row)
def write_html(header, path, file_delimiter, html):
"""Write csv file to html table"""
with open(path, 'r') as in_file:
# count lines and then return to start of file
numline = len(in_file.readlines())
in_file.seek(0)
#open csv reader
r = csv.reader(in_file, delimiter="%s" % file_delimiter)
# write header
html.write('\n<a name="%s"></a>' % header)
html.write('\n<h3>%s</h3>' % header)
if header == 'Duplicates':
html.write('\n<p><em>Duplicates are grouped by hash value.</em></p>')
elif header == 'Personally Identifiable Information (PII)':
html.write('\n<p><em>Potential PII in source, as identified by bulk_extractor.</em></p>')
# if writing PII, handle separately
if header == 'Personally Identifiable Information (PII)':
if numline > 5: # aka more rows than just header
html.write('\n<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-condensed">')
#write header
html.write('\n<tr>')
html.write('\n<td><strong>File</strong></td>')
html.write('\n<td><strong>Value Found</strong></td>')
html.write('\n<td><strong>Context</strong></td>')
# write data
for row in islice(r, 4, None): # skip header lines
html.write('\n</tr>')
for row in r:
# write data
html.write('\n<tr>')
for column in row:
html.write('\n<td>' + column + '</td>')
html.write('\n</tr>')
html.write('\n</table>')
else:
html.write('\nNone found.')
# if writing duplicates, handle separately
elif header == 'Duplicates':
if numline > 1: #aka more rows than just header
# read md5s from csv and write to list
hash_list = []
for row in r:
hash_list.append(row[4])
# deduplicate md5_list
hash_list = list(OrderedDict.fromkeys(hash_list))
hash_list.remove('Checksum')
# for each hash in md5_list, print header, file info, and list of matching files
for hash_value in hash_list:
html.write('\n<p>Files matching checksum <strong>%s</strong>:</p>' % hash_value)
html.write('\n<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-condensed">')
html.write('\n<tr>')
html.write('\n<td><strong>Filename</strong></td><td><strong>Filesize</strong></td>')
html.write('<td><strong>Date modified</strong></td><td><strong>Errors</strong></td>')
html.write('<td><strong>Checksum</strong></td><td><strong>Namespace</strong></td>')
html.write('<td><strong>ID</strong></td><td><strong>Format</strong></td>')
html.write('<td><strong>Format version</strong></td><td><strong>MIME type</strong></td>')
html.write('<td><strong>Basis for ID</strong></td><td><strong>Warning</strong></td>')
html.write('\n</tr>')
in_file.seek(0) # back to beginning of file
for row in r:
if row[4] == '%s' % hash_value:
# write data
html.write('\n<tr>')
for column in row:
html.write('\n<td>' + column + '</td>')
html.write('\n</tr>')
html.write('\n</table>')
else:
html.write('\nNone found.')
# otherwise write as normal
else:
if numline > 1: #aka more rows than just header
html.write('\n<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-condensed">')
# write header row
html.write('\n<tr>')
row1 = next(r)
for column in row1:
html.write('\n<td><strong>' + column + '</strong></td>')
html.write('\n</tr>')
# write data rows
for row in r:
# write data
html.write('\n<tr>')
for column in row:
html.write('\n<td>' + column + '</td>')
html.write('\n</tr>')
html.write('\n</table>')
else:
html.write('\nNone found.')
# write link to top
html.write('\n<p>(<a href="#top">Return to top</a>)</p>')
def close_html(html):
"""Write html closing tags"""
html.write('\n</body>')
html.write('\n</html>')
def make_tree(source_dir):
"""Call tree on source directory and save output to tree.txt"""
tree_command = "tree -tDhR '%s' > '%s'" % (source_dir, os.path.join(report_dir, 'tree.txt'))
subprocess.call(tree_command, shell=True)
def process_content(args, source_dir, cursor, conn, html, brunnhilde_version, siegfried_version):
"""Run through main processing flow on specified directory"""
scan_started = str(datetime.datetime.now()) # get time
run_siegfried(args, source_dir) # run siegfried
import_csv(cursor, conn) # load csv into sqlite db
get_stats(args, source_dir, scan_started, cursor, html, brunnhilde_version, siegfried_version) # get aggregate stats and write to html file
generate_reports(args, cursor, html) # run sql queries, print to html and csv
close_html(html) # close HTML file tags
make_tree(source_dir) # create tree.txt
def write_pronom_links(old_file, new_file):
"""Use regex to replace fmt/# and x-fmt/# PUIDs with link to appropriate PRONOM page"""
with open(old_file, 'r') as in_file:
with open(new_file, 'w') as out_file:
for line in in_file:
regex = r"fmt\/[0-9]+|x\-fmt\/[0-9]+" #regex to match fmt/# or x-fmt/#
pronom_links_to_replace = re.findall(regex, line)
new_line = line
for match in pronom_links_to_replace:
new_line = line.replace(match, "<a href=\"http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/" +
match + "\" target=\"_blank\">" + match + "</a>")
line = new_line # allow for more than one match per line
out_file.write(new_line)
def _make_parser(version):
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-b", "--bulkextractor", help="Run Bulk Extractor on source", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-d", "--diskimage", help="Use disk image instead of dir as input", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("--hash", help="Specify hash algorithm", dest="hash", action="store", type=str)
parser.add_argument("--hfs", help="Use for raw disk images of HFS disks", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-n", "--noclam", help="Skip ClamScan Virus Check", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-r", "--removefiles", help="Delete 'carved_files' directory when done (disk image input only)", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-t", "--throttle", help="Pause for 1s between Siegfried scans", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-V", "--version", help="Display Brunnhilde version", action="version", version="%s" % version)
parser.add_argument("-w", "--showwarnings", help="Add Siegfried warnings to HTML report", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("-z", "--scanarchives", help="Decompress and scan zip, tar, gzip, warc, arc with Siegfried", action="store_true")
parser.add_argument("source", help="Path to source directory or disk image")
parser.add_argument("destination", help="Path to destination for reports")
parser.add_argument("basename", help="Accession number or identifier, used as basename for outputs")
return parser
def main():
# system info
brunnhilde_version = 'brunnhilde 1.4.1'
siegfried_version = subprocess.check_output(["sf", "-version"]).decode()
parser = _make_parser(brunnhilde_version)
args = parser.parse_args()
# global variables
global source, destination, basename, report_dir, csv_dir, log_dir, bulkext_dir, sf_file
source = os.path.abspath(args.source)
destination = os.path.abspath(args.destination)
basename = args.basename
report_dir = os.path.join(destination, '%s' % basename)
csv_dir = os.path.join(report_dir, 'csv_reports')
log_dir = os.path.join(report_dir, 'logs')
bulkext_dir = os.path.join(report_dir, 'bulk_extractor')
sf_file = os.path.join(report_dir, 'siegfried.csv')
# create directory for reports
try:
os.makedirs(report_dir)
except OSError as exception:
if exception.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
# create subdirectory for CSV reports
try:
os.makedirs(csv_dir)
except OSError as exception:
if exception.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
# create subdirectory for logs if needed
if args.bulkextractor == False and args.noclam == True:
pass
else:
try:
os.makedirs(log_dir)
except OSError as exception:
if exception.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
# create html report
temp_html = os.path.join(report_dir, 'temp.html')
html = open(temp_html, 'w')
# open sqlite db
db = os.path.join(report_dir, 'siegfried.sqlite')
conn = sqlite3.connect(db)
conn.text_factory = str # allows utf-8 data to be stored
cursor = conn.cursor()
# characterize source
if args.diskimage == True: # source is a disk image
# make tempdir
tempdir = os.path.join(report_dir, 'carved_files')
try:
os.makedirs(tempdir)
except OSError as exception:
if exception.errno != errno.EEXIST:
raise
# export disk image contents to tempdir
if args.hfs == True: # hfs disks
carvefiles = "bash /usr/share/hfsexplorer/bin/unhfs -v -resforks APPLEDOUBLE -o '%s' '%s'" % (tempdir, source)
print("\nAttempting to carve files from disk image using HFS Explorer.")
try:
subprocess.call(carvefiles, shell=True)
print("\nFile carving successful.")
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
print(e.output)
print("\nBrunnhilde was unable to export files from disk image. Ending process.")
shutil.rmtree(report_dir)
sys.exit()
else: # non-hfs disks (note: no UDF support yet)
carvefiles = ['tsk_recover', '-a', source, tempdir]
print("\nAttempting to carve files from disk image using tsk_recover.")
try:
subprocess.check_output(carvefiles)
print("\nFile carving successful.")
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
print(e.output)
print("\nBrunnhilde was unable to export files from disk image. Ending process.")
shutil.rmtree(report_dir)
sys.exit()
# process tempdir
if args.noclam == False: # run clamAV virus check unless specified otherwise
run_clamav(tempdir)
process_content(args, tempdir, cursor, conn, html, brunnhilde_version, siegfried_version)
if args.bulkextractor == True: # bulk extractor option is chosen
run_bulkext(tempdir)
write_html('Personally Identifiable Information (PII)', '%s' % os.path.join(bulkext_dir, 'pii.txt'), '\t', html)
if args.removefiles == True:
shutil.rmtree(tempdir)
else: #source is a directory
if os.path.isdir(source) == False:
print("\nSource is not a Directory. If you're processing a disk image, place '-d' before source.")
sys.exit()
if args.noclam == False: # run clamAV virus check unless specified otherwise
run_clamav(source)
process_content(args, source, cursor, conn, html, brunnhilde_version, siegfried_version)
if args.bulkextractor == True: # bulk extractor option is chosen
run_bulkext(source)
write_html('Personally Identifiable Information (PII)', '%s' % os.path.join(bulkext_dir, 'pii.txt'), '\t', html)
# close HTML file
html.close()
# write new html file, with hrefs for PRONOM IDs
new_html = os.path.join(report_dir, '%s.html' % basename)
write_pronom_links(temp_html, new_html)
# remove temp html file
os.remove(temp_html)
# close database connections
cursor.close()
conn.close()
print("\nProcess complete. Reports in %s." % report_dir)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()