protection-Topics.Rmd

---
  title: "Protection Topics"
---
  
  ```{r options_communes, include=FALSE}
source("options_communes.R")
```
<div class="important">

Translating assessment results into programmatic response recommendations is challenging when it comes to protection activities. 

The analysis of vulnerabilities allows to generate protection intervention recommendations.

The analysis of vulnerabilities is complex as it should allow to understand:

 * How **multiple vulnerabilities** interact between each other (prioritisation through criticality)?
 * What is, for **each vulnerability type**, the specific profile of a population group in terms of magnitude and severity?

</div>



## The Rights-based approach 

Protection programme are designed according to the [Rights-Based approach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights-based_approach_to_development). As such, more than the needs, it is the vulnerability of specific population group towards rights violation that informs resources allocation.

Vulnerability level for each specific risk =
function(risk **occurrence**) +
function(**exposure** to risk of basic right violation) +
function(**coping capacity** before or after violation)


Protection activities for UNHCR:  

 - Prevent occurrence of basic right violation event (**Environment Building actions**) && 
 - Limit the effects of violation events consequences (**Remedial actions**) && 
 - Respond to basic right violation event  (**Responsive actions**) 


Protection analysis is therefore linked to specific events linked to specific Right groups defined by UNHCR Result Based management.

Rights Group                                    | Basic right type                       | Violation event
----------------------------------------------- |--------------------------------------- | ------------- 
__Favourable Protection Environment__           | Non-refoulement                        | Non-admission, Refoulement
-                                               | No discrimination                      | Detention
-                                               | Freedom of movement                    | Eviction, deportation
__Fair Protection Processes and Documentation__ | Documentation                          | No issuance/renewal of residency
-                                               | Right to a nationality                 | Birth Registration
__Community Empowerment and Self Reliance__     | Livelihood                             | Negative coping mechanism (Prostitution, child labour, early marriage, begging, stealing,.)
-                                               | Peaceful co-existence                  | Intercommunity violence
__Basic Needs and Essential Services__          | Education                              | Children out of school
-                                               | Food                                   | Malnutrition
-                                               | Social & economic rights               | Non access to services (healh, schools, MPSS)
-                                               | Housing, Wash & Shelter                | Sub standard living conditions
__Security from Violence and Exploitation__     | Age, gender and diversity mainstreaming| Sex & Gender based violence, child abuses



## Vulnerability Profile

On each topic, the protection assessment should allow to identify the affected population’s vulnerability profile:

 * Threat in terms of   __criticality__ , i.e. how important is the threat compared to other. This is measured through priority ranking.  

 * Threat  in terms of occurrence in order to define __magnitude__ 

 * Capacities and capabilities in order to define  __severity__ -- "Severity" (or intensity) expresses the degree of unmet needs (it is thus related to shortages and deficits,  as  opposed  to  fulfillment  and  wellbeing) or the degree of something harmful,harsh, stern, irreversible or not desirable. As such it is expressed through a form of rating.


The vulnerability profile (combination of criticality/magnitude/severity) for each topic will allow to prioritise the relevant activities. [Severity and Priority](http://aldo-benini.org/Level2/HumanitData/Benini_forACAPS_SeverityAndPriority_2013.pdf) are therefore appropriate way to measure vulnerability.

The risk profile will help designing the best intervention approach for each group:

Activity	                     | Criticality |	Magnitude | Severity
------------------------------ |------------ | ---------- |------------ 
Environment Building actions   |  	++       | 	  +       | 	-
Remedial actions               | 	  +        | 	  ++      | 	+
Responsive actions             | 		 +       |     -      | 	++


## Analysis Topics

### Favourable Protection Environment    

List of analysis modules

* Protection-sensitive border mechanism
* Counselling & Legal aid
* Freedom of movement & Detention
* Multiple Displacement & Movement

### Fair Protection Processes and Documentation 

List of analysis modules

* Birth Registration
* Civil status documentation
* Family re-unification
* Refugee registration
* Risk of eviction

### Community Empowerment and Self Reliance 

List of analysis modules:

* Social cohesion
* Housing, shelter & WASH (Water, Sanitation & Hygien) conditions
* Employment & livelihood
* Child Labour
* Assets & Budget

### Basic Needs and Essential Services 

List of analysis modules:

* Refugees with specific needs 
* Assistance received
* Negative coping mechanism
* Food security
* Access to health services
* Education & Out of School Children

### Security from Violence and Exploitation

List of analysis modules:

* Sexual Harassment & Violence (Rape) 
* Harassment between youth
* Gender inequality
* Domestic Violence (Parental stress, Isolation at home)
* Forced and early marriage
* Violence among children
* Armed recruitment
* Harassment & Violence towards LGBTI
* Security & Civil violence