OOP (in Python)

>>> means command, followed by output
# means comment
''' ''' means multiline comment

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'''Basically, an object x of class Name has attributes x.attribute and methods x.method(). 
The attributes can be changed independently of each other. The changes apply to x independently of other objects of class Name.'''

#example code
#replace value with a number such as 1
#replace f(input, self.attribute) with a function such as input+self.attribute
#replace f(input2, self.attribute) with a function such as input2+self.attribute
class Name: #can also have classes as Inputs, like class Name(Inputs):
	attribute=value
	def __init__(self, input):
		self.attribute2=f(input, self.attribute)
	def method(self, input2):
		self.attribute2=f(input2, self.attribute)

#example result
#replace input with a number such as 3
#replace input2 with a number such as 5
>>> x=Name(input)
>>> print(x.attribute)
value
>>> print(x.attribute2)
f(input, value)
>>> x.method(input2)
>>> print(x.attribute2)
f(input2,value)

#example module
#save the above code as name.py
>>> from name import Name
>>> x=Name(input)
>>> print(x.attribute)
value

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'''You can also have subclasses of superclasses (inheritance), and master of self (nested classes).'''

# example pseudocode
#Subclass inherits attributes/methods from Superclass
#a.master = Class
#x = output of Superclass
from tkinter import *
# for some reason the previous line doesn't import messagebox in Python 3.6+
from tkinter import messagebox
class Subclass(Superclass,input=default):    
    def __init__(self,master):
        Superclass.__init__(self)
        self.attribute = input    
    def method(self,x):
        return something
class Class(Frame):
    def __init__(self,master,inputs=defaults):
        Frame.__init__(self,master)
        self.grid()
        a = Subclass(self, input)
        print(a.attribute)
        print(a.method())
Tk().title('Title')
b = Class(Tk(), inputs)
Tk().mainloop()

# example result
from tkinter import *
# for some reason the previous line doesn't import messagebox in Python 3.6+
from tkinter import messagebox
class Tile(Button): 
    def __init__(self,master,x,y): #x,y = coordinates 
        Button.__init__(self,bg='white',relief='raised',width=22,height=4,font=('Arial',12))
        self['text']='click for method(self,x)\n = x\n = output of superclass\n = output of Button'
        self.grid(row=y,column=x)
        self.bind('<Button-1>',self.method)
        self.master=master
    def method(self,x): 
    #x = output of Button (https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.8/Lib/tkinter/__init__.py line 1568)
        messagebox.showinfo('Title',x,parent=self)       
class Board(Frame):
    def __init__(self,master,inputs=0):
        Frame.__init__(self,master,bg='black')
        self.grid()
        a = Tile(self,0,1)
        print('a.master = ', a.master,' (output of nested class/Board not superclass/Button)') #output of Board not Button
        print('board master = ',master,' (output of nested class/Tk() not superclass/Frame)') #output of Tk() not Frame
root=Tk() #every time you type Tk() opens a new window
root.title('Title')
b = Board(root,0)
root.mainloop()