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<html lang="zh" data-hairline="true" class="itcauecng no-touch" data-theme="light" data-rh="data-theme"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>贾亮医生的色觉刺激法靠不靠谱？ - 知乎</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"><meta name="renderer" content="webkit"><meta name="force-rendering" content="webkit"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=10,chrome=1"><meta name="google-site-verification" content="FTeR0c8arOPKh8c5DYh_9uu98_zJbaWw53J-Sch9MTg"><meta data-rh="true" name="keywords" content="色弱,色盲,红绿色盲"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="最近我看到很多人谈及 贾亮医生的所谓“色觉强化刺激法”治疗色盲色弱，于是我也去搜索了一下，发现不少网站发布了相关内容，各网站版本不同，但内容大同小异，都提到了“色觉强化刺激法”这一方法。 注：本文所有…"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="贾亮医生的色觉刺激法靠不靠谱？"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="最近我看到很多人谈及 贾亮医生的所谓“色觉强化刺激法”治疗色盲色弱，于是我也去搜索了一下，发现不少网站发布了相关内容，各网站版本不同，但内容大同小异，都提到了“色觉强化刺激法”这一方法。 注：本文所有…"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content=""><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:site_name" content="知乎专栏"><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-152.81060cab.png"><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-152.81060cab.png" sizes="152x152"><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-120.d5793cac.png" sizes="120x120"><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-76.7abf3393.png" sizes="76x76"><link data-rh="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/assets/apple-touch-icon-60.362a8eac.png" sizes="60x60"><link crossorigin="" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/favicon.ico"><link crossorigin="" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://static.zhihu.com/heifetz/search.xml" title="知乎"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://static.zhimg.com/"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pica.zhimg.com/"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://picx.zhimg.com/"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pic1.zhimg.com/"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pic2.zhimg.com/"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pic3.zhimg.com/"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://pic4.zhimg.com/"><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://static.zhihu.com/"><script nonce="" data-web-reporter-config="{"platform":"web","project":"heifetz"}">!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?t(exports):"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(["exports"],t):t((e=e||self).webReporter={})}(this,function(e){"use strict";var t={},n=!1,o=function(){var e,o,r,a,i;return n||(e=document.querySelector("script[data-web-reporter-config]"),o=e&&e.dataset.webReporterConfig||"{}",r=JSON.parse(o),a=r.platform,i=r.project,t={platform:a,project:i},n=!0),t};function r(e){return a(function(){return localStorage.getItem(e)})()}function a(e){return function(){try{return e.apply(void 0,arguments)}catch(e){}}}var i=a(function(e,t){var n={platform:"web",project:o().project,clientTimestamp:+new Date};!function(e,t,n){"1"===r("weber:logenabled")&&console.log("[web-reporter]%o",{type:e,base:t,data:n})}(e,n,t),function(e,t){var n=btoa(JSON.stringify(t));if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&window.navigator&&window.navigator.sendBeacon){var o=new Blob([n],{type:"text/plain"});navigator.sendBeacon(e,o)}else{var r=new XMLHttpRequest;r.open("POST",e),r.withCredentials=!1,r.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","text/plain;charset=UTF-8"),r.send(n)}}(r("weber:api")||"https://apm.zhihu.com/collector/web_json",{type:e,base:n,data:t})});e.report=i,Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})});
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.LinkCard-title{display:-webkit-box;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:2px;color:#121212;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-title.two-line{line-height:20px;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-title.loading{margin-bottom:8px;width:80%;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-title.loading.withTitle{margin-bottom:6px;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-title.loadingTitle{margin-bottom:5px;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-excerpt{display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#999999;margin-bottom:4px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-excerpt .LinkCard-author{color:#444444;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-desc{display:-webkit-box;font-size:13px;height:18px;line-height:18px;color:#999999;word-break:break-all;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:1;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-desc .LinkCard-tag,.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-desc .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:11px;margin-left:8px;padding:0 4px;border-radius:3px;background:rgba(211,211,211,0.3);}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-desc.loading{width:40%;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-desc svg{margin-right:2px;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-image{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;background-color:#EBEBEB;background-size:cover;background-position:center;position:relative;display:block;width:60px;height:60px;margin-left:20px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:inherit;overflow:hidden;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-image.LinkCard-image--default{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background-color:#EBEBEB;color:#D3D3D3;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-image.LinkCard-image--default svg{color:#999999;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-image .LinkCard-image--video{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);width:24px;height:24px;border-radius:12px;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.9);pointer-events:none;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-image .LinkCard-image--video svg{color:#444444;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-richText .text{color:#444444;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-richText .bold{font-weight:600;}.css-1g0fqss .LinkCard.new .LinkCard-richText .tag{margin-left:4px;}.css-1g0fqss .FileLinkCard{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background-color:rgba(246,246,246,0.88);border-radius:12px;box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:1em auto;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;padding:12px;position:relative;width:390px;}.css-1g0fqss .FileLinkCard-icon{-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;height:30px;width:30px;}.css-1g0fqss .FileLinkCard-info{margin-left:12px;}.css-1g0fqss .FileLinkCard-name{color:#121212;font-size:15px;font-weight:500;line-height:21px;display:-webkit-box;text-overflow:ellipsis;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;}.css-1g0fqss .FileLinkCard-meta{color:#999999;font-size:12px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;line-height:14px;margin-top:5px;}.css-1g0fqss .FileLinkCard-source{white-space:pre;}.css-1g0fqss 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no-repeat rgba(191,191,191,0.7);background-size:cover;cursor:pointer!important;}@-webkit-keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}@keyframes animation-1yvu044{from{opacity:0;}to{opacity:1;}}</style><style data-emotion-css="1s3a4zw">.css-1s3a4zw{position:relative;display:inline-block;height:30px;padding:0 12px;font-size:14px;line-height:30px;color:#056DE8;vertical-align:top;border-radius:100px;background:rgba(5,109,232,0.1);}.css-1s3a4zw:hover{background-color:rgba(5,109,232,0.15);}</style><style data-emotion-css="1xlfegr">.css-1xlfegr{background:transparent;box-shadow:none;}</style><style data-emotion-css="1gomreu">.css-1gomreu{position:relative;display:inline-block;}</style><style data-emotion-css="1any501">.css-1any501{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;min-width:0;max-width:100%;height:auto;background-color:#FFFFFF;width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;}</style><style data-emotion="css"></style><style type="text/css">.TnITTtw-fp-collapsed-button {
display: none;
position: fixed !important;
top: 16px !important;
right: 16px !important;
}
.TnITTtw-fp-collapsed-button:hover {
opacity: 1.0 !important;
}
.TnITTtw-mate-fp-bar {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, Ubuntu, sans-serif !important;
color: #000;
position: fixed;
top: 16px;
right: 16px;
z-index: 999;
background: rgb(255 255 255 / 0.95);
backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
padding: 16px;
border-radius: 11px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);
width: 320px;
line-height: initial;
}
@-moz-document url-prefix() {
.TnITTtw-mate-fp-bar {
background: rgb(255 255 255 / 1.0);
}
}
.TnITTtw-mate-fp-bar.TnITTtw-dark-mode {
background: rgb(44, 44, 43);
}
.TnITTtw-hide-fp-bar {
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/regular-close-tt.png) !important;
background-size: 12px 12px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center;
position: absolute;
right: 8px;
top: 8px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.TnITTtw-hide-fp-bar:hover {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/hover-close-tt.png) !important;
}
.TnITTtw-current-page-lang {
color: #6d6d72;
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: 600;
margin-bottom: 8px;
text-align: center;
}
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-current-page-lang {
color: #98989D;
}
.TnITTtw-fp-translate {
width: calc(100% - 73px) !important;
font-size: 14px !important;
text-transform: none !important;
}
.TnITTtw-fp-translate.TnITTtw-in-progress {
animation-name: funky-bg;
animation-duration: 10s;
animation-timing-function: ease-in;
}
.TnITTtw-fp-translate.TnITTtw-show-original {
width: calc(100% - 20px) !important;
}
@keyframes funky-bg {
from {
background-image: linear-gradient(145deg, #01EF92, #00D8FB),
linear-gradient(35deg, rgba(1, 239, 146, 0.25), rgba(0, 216, 251, 0.25)) !important;
}
to {
background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, #01EF92, #00D8FB),
linear-gradient(35deg, rgba(1, 239, 146, 0.25), rgba(0, 216, 251, 0.25)) !important;
}
}
.TnITTtw-change-language, .TnITTtw-stop-fp {
width: 38px;
height: 38px;
background-color: #EFEFF4;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center;
background-size: 16px 16px;
border-radius: 11px;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
cursor: pointer;
}
.TnITTtw-change-language {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/globe-earth.png) !important;
}
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-change-language {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/globe-earth-dark.png) !important;
}
.TnITTtw-stop-fp {
display: none;
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/regular-stt-stop.png) !important;
background-size: 12px 12px;
}
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-change-language, .TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-stop-fp {
background-color: #525251 !important;
}
.TnITTtw-change-language:hover, .TnITTtw-stop-fp:hover {
background-color: #F6F6F6;
}
.TnITTtw-change-language:active, .TnITTtw-stop-fp:active {
background-color: #E9E9E9;
}
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-change-language:hover,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-stop-fp:hover,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-change-language:active,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-stop-fp:active {
background-color: #767675;
}
#TnITTtw-always-translate {
}
.TnITTtw-fp-options input {
padding: initial;
width: auto;
border: initial;
box-shadow: initial;
line-height: initial;
height: auto;
display: initial;
position: initial;
appearance: auto;
top: initial;
cursor: pointer;
margin: 0;
}
.TnITTtw-fp-options input[readonly="readonly"] {
opacity: 0.5;
}
#TnITTtw-always-translate + label,
#TnITTtw-never-translate-lang + label,
#TnITTtw-never-translate-site + label {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, Ubuntu, sans-serif !important;
display: inline-block;
font-weight: 400;
font-size: 14px;
margin-left: 4px;
color: #000;
cursor: pointer;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
width: 296px;
vertical-align: top;
line-height: initial;
letter-spacing: initial;
text-transform: initial;
margin-right: 0;
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
padding: 0;
}
#TnITTtw-always-translate + label::before,
#TnITTtw-never-translate-lang + label::before,
#TnITTtw-never-translate-site + label::before,
#TnITTtw-always-translate + label::after,
#TnITTtw-never-translate-lang + label::after,
#TnITTtw-never-translate-site + label::after {
content: initial;
}
.TnITTtw-always-translate-inner-label {
text-overflow: ellipsis;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
max-width: 252px;
vertical-align: top;
display: inline-block;
}
.TnITTtw-dark-mode #TnITTtw-always-translate + label,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode #TnITTtw-never-translate-lang + label,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode #TnITTtw-never-translate-site + label {
color: #FFF;
}
#TnITTtw-always-translate + label.TnITTtw-not-pro {
opacity: 0.5;
}
#TnITTtw-always-translate + label .TnITTtw-pro-label {
position: relative;
background: #000;
font-size: 11px;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #FFF;
padding: 2px 5px;
border-radius: 4px;
margin-left: 10px;
top: -1px;
user-select: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
display: inline;
font-weight: 500;
}
.TnITTtw-dark-mode #TnITTtw-always-translate + label .TnITTtw-pro-label {
background: #FFF;
color: #000;
}
.TnITTtw-inline-original-tooltip {
display: none;
position: absolute;
margin: 0px;
border: none;
padding: 16px;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
background-color: rgb(255 255 255 / 0.95);
backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
border-radius: 11px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, Ubuntu, sans-serif;
font-style: normal;
font-variant: normal;
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 16px;
line-height: normal;
}
.TnITTtw-dark-mode.TnITTtw-inline-original-tooltip {
background-color: rgb(0 0 0 / 0.915);
color: #FFF;
}
.TnITTtw-inline-original-tooltip .TnITTtw-close-original-tooltip {
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/regular-close-tt.png) !important;
background-size: 12px 12px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center;
position: absolute;
right: 8px;
top: 8px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.TnITTtw-inline-original-tooltip .TnITTtw-close-original-tooltip:hover {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/hover-close-tt.png) !important;
}
.TnITTtw-inline-original-tooltip .TnITTtw-original-label {
margin: 0;
font-weight: 600;
font-size: 13px;
text-transform: uppercase;
color: #6d6d72;
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.TnITTtw-inline-original-tooltip.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-original-label {
color: #98989D;
}
.TnITTtw-inline-original-tooltip .TnITTtw-text-layout {
display: inline-block;
margin: 0;
font-size: 16px;
color: #000;
}
.TnITTtw-inline-original-tooltip.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-text-layout {
color: #FFF;
}
.TnITTtw-highlighted-for-original {
color: #0F0F5F;
background-color: #F0F0A0;
}
/* Dropdown scrollbars */
#selVisibleScroll-1, #selVisibleScroll-2, #selVisibleScroll-3 {
overflow: hidden;
height: 259px;
width: 100%;
position: relative;
}
#sel-scrollbar-1, #sel-scrollbar-2, #sel-scrollbar-3 {
position: absolute;
width: 4px;
height: 259px;
left: 225px;
}
#sel-track-1, #sel-track-2, #sel-track-3 {
position: absolute;
top: 1px;
width: 4px;
height: calc(100% - 6px);
}
#sel-dragBar-1, #sel-dragBar-2, #sel-dragBar-3 {
position: absolute;
top: 1px;
width: 4px;
background: rgba(43, 43, 43, 0.5);
cursor: pointer;
border-radius: 4px;
}
.dark-mode #sel-dragBar-1, .dark-mode #sel-dragBar-2, .dark-mode #sel-dragBar-3 {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}
#sel-dragBar-1:hover, #sel-dragBar-2:hover, #sel-dragBar-3:hover,
#sel-dragBar-1:active, #sel-dragBar-2:active, #sel-dragBar-3:active {
background: rgba(43, 43, 43, 0.675);
}
.dark-mode #sel-dragBar-1:hover,
.dark-mode #sel-dragBar-2:hover,
.dark-mode #sel-dragBar-3:hover,
.dark-mode #sel-dragBar-1:active,
.dark-mode #sel-dragBar-2:active,
.dark-mode #sel-dragBar-3:active {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.675);
}
#sel-scrollbar-1, #sel-track-1, #sel-dragBar-1,
#sel-scrollbar-2, #sel-track-2, #sel-dragBar-2,
#sel-scrollbar-3, #sel-track-3, #sel-dragBar-3 {
-webkit-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
}
/* Spinner for when it's translating a page */
.TnITTtw-cta-button-layout {
position: relative;
display: inline;
}
.TnITTtw-spinner {
display: none;
text-align: center;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
user-select: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
.TnITTtw-spinner {
top: 28px;
}
}
.TnITTtw-spinner.in-text {
display: block;
background: transparent;
position: initial;
}
.TnITTtw-spinner.left {
text-align: left;
}
.TnITTtw-spinner > div {
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
background-color: rgb(0, 71, 46);
border-radius: 100%;
display: inline-block;
-webkit-animation: sk-bouncedelay 1.4s infinite ease-in-out both;
animation: sk-bouncedelay 1.4s infinite ease-in-out both;
}
.TnITTtw-spinner.in-text > div {
background-color: #000;
}
.TnITTtw-spinner .TnITTtw-bounce1 {
-webkit-animation-delay: -0.32s;
animation-delay: -0.32s;
}
.TnITTtw-spinner .TnITTtw-bounce2 {
-webkit-animation-delay: -0.16s;
animation-delay: -0.16s;
}
@-webkit-keyframes sk-bouncedelay {
0%, 80%, 100% { -webkit-transform: scale(0) }
40% { -webkit-transform: scale(1.0) }
}
@keyframes sk-bouncedelay {
0%, 80%, 100% {
-webkit-transform: scale(0);
transform: scale(0);
} 40% {
-webkit-transform: scale(1.0);
transform: scale(1.0);
}
}</style><style type="text/css">/*
* contextMenu.js v 1.4.0
* Author: Sudhanshu Yadav
* s-yadav.github.com
* Copyright (c) 2013 Sudhanshu Yadav.
* Dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses
**/
.iw-contextMenu {
box-shadow: 0px 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10) !important;
border: 1px solid #c8c7cc !important;
border-radius: 11px !important;
display: none;
z-index: 1000000132;
max-width: 300px !important;
width: auto !important;
}
.dark-mode .iw-contextMenu,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode.iw-contextMenu,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .iw-contextMenu {
border-color: #747473 !important;
}
.iw-cm-menu {
background: #fff !important;
color: #000 !important;
margin: 0px !important;
padding: 0px !important;
overflow: visible !important;
}
.dark-mode .iw-cm-menu,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode.iw-cm-menu,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .iw-cm-menu {
background: #525251 !important;
color: #FFF !important;
}
.iw-curMenu {
}
.iw-cm-menu li {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, Ubuntu, sans-serif !important;
list-style: none !important;
padding: 10px !important;
padding-right: 20px !important;
border-bottom: 1px solid #c8c7cc !important;
font-weight: 400 !important;
cursor: pointer !important;
position: relative !important;
font-size: 14px !important;
margin: 0 !important;
line-height: inherit !important;
border-radius: 0 !important;
display: block !important;
}
.dark-mode .iw-cm-menu li, .TnITTtw-dark-mode .iw-cm-menu li {
border-bottom-color: #747473 !important;
}
.iw-cm-menu li:first-child {
border-top-left-radius: 11px !important;
border-top-right-radius: 11px !important;
}
.iw-cm-menu li:last-child {
border-bottom-left-radius: 11px !important;
border-bottom-right-radius: 11px !important;
border-bottom: none !important;
}
.iw-mOverlay {
position: absolute !important;
width: 100% !important;
height: 100% !important;
top: 0px !important;
left: 0px !important;
background: #FFF !important;
opacity: .5 !important;
}
.iw-contextMenu li.iw-mDisable {
opacity: 0.3 !important;
cursor: default !important;
}
.iw-mSelected {
background-color: #F6F6F6 !important;
}
.dark-mode .iw-mSelected, .TnITTtw-dark-mode .iw-mSelected {
background-color: #676766 !important;
}
.iw-cm-arrow-right {
width: 0 !important;
height: 0 !important;
border-top: 5px solid transparent !important;
border-bottom: 5px solid transparent !important;
border-left: 5px solid #000 !important;
position: absolute !important;
right: 5px !important;
top: 50% !important;
margin-top: -5px !important;
}
.dark-mode .iw-cm-arrow-right, .TnITTtw-dark-mode .iw-cm-arrow-right {
border-left-color: #FFF !important;
}
.iw-mSelected > .iw-cm-arrow-right {
}
/*context menu css end */</style><style type="text/css">.ui_selector, .TnITTtw-ui_selector {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, Ubuntu, sans-serif;
display: inline-block;
}
.ui_selector .select, .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-select {
color: #000;
text-align: center;
font-weight: 600;
font-size: 14px;
border: 1px solid rgba(200, 199, 204, 0.5);
padding: 10px 15px;
width: 201px;
-webkit-user-select: none;
cursor: pointer;
border-radius: 11px;
display: inline-block;
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #FAFAFA, #F6F6F6);
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #FAFAFA, #F6F6F6);
background-size: auto 48px;
background-position: 0px -11px;
box-shadow: 0 0.5px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10);
text-overflow: ellipsis;
overflow: hidden;
white-space: nowrap;
}
.dark-mode .ui_selector .select,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-select {
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #4A4A49, #40403F);
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #4A4A49, #40403F);
color: #FFF;
border-color: #747473;
}
.ui_selector .select:hover,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-select:hover {
color: #424242;
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #FAFAFA, #FAFAFA);
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #FAFAFA, #FAFAFA);
}
.ui_selector .select:active,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-select:active {
color: #6d6d72;
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #F6F6F6, #F6F6F6);
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #F6F6F6, #F6F6F6);
}
.dark-mode .ui_selector .select:hover,
.dark-mode .ui_selector .select:active,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-select:hover,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-select:active {
background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #4A4A49, #4A4A49);
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #4A4A49, #4A4A49);
color: #FFF;
border-color: #747473;
}
.ui_selector .select .detected-ico,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-select .TnITTtw-detected-ico {
display: inline-block;
}
.ui_selector .active, .ui_selector .active:hover, .ui_selector .active:active,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-active, .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-active:hover, .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-active:active {
box-shadow: 0 -1px 15px -10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85) !important;
border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
background: #F3F3F3;
}
.sliding-text,
.TnITTtw-sliding-text {
position: relative;
}
.ui_selector .options,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options {
margin-left: 0px;
margin-top: -4px;
background: #fff;
border: 1px solid rgba(200, 199, 204, 0.5);
width: 231px;
overflow: hidden;
max-height: 313px;
position: absolute;
font-size: 12px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgb(0 0 0 / 25%);
border-bottom-left-radius: 6px;
border-bottom-right-radius: 6px;
display: none;
}
.ui_selector .options.standalone,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options.TnITTtw-standalone {
border-radius: 11px;
margin-top: 16px;
}
/* for now, it can only be on the top */
.ui_selector .options-arrow,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options-arrow {
display: none;
position: absolute;
width: 32px !important;
height: 18px !important;
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/tt-dropdown-arrow.png);
background-size: 32px 18px;
transform: rotate(180deg);
margin-top: -1px;
}
.dark-mode .ui_selector .options-arrow,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options-arrow {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/tt-dropdown-arrow-dark.png);
}
.dark-mode .ui_selector .options,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options {
background: #525251;
}
.ui_selector .options ul,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul {
list-style: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
width: 232px;
}
.ui_selector .options ul li,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul li {
padding: 10px 0px;
-webkit-user-select: none;
text-align: center;
font-size: 17px;
-webkit-transition: all 600ms cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1);
margin: 0 10px;
border-radius: 6px;
position: relative;
}
.dark-mode .options ul li,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-options ul li {
color: #fff;
}
.ui_selector .options ul li:last-child,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul li:last-child {
margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.ui_selector .options ul li.option:first-child,
.ui_selector .options ul li.option_selected:first-child,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul li.TnITTtw-option:first-child,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul li.TnITTtw-option_selected:first-child {
margin-top: 16px;
}
.ui_selector .options ul li.whenHover,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul li.TnITTtw-whenHover {
cursor: pointer;
background: #f3f3f3;
text-align: center;
}
.dark-mode .ui_selector .options ul li.whenHover,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul li.TnITTtw-whenHover {
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}
.ui_selector .options ul li.option_selected,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul li.TnITTtw-option_selected {
cursor: pointer;
background-image: linear-gradient(145deg, #01EF92, #00D8FB),
linear-gradient(35deg, rgba(1, 239, 146, 0.25), rgba(0, 216, 251, 0.25)) !important;
color: #fff;
font-weight: 600;
}
.ui_selector .options ul .group,
.ui_selector .options ul .group:hover,
.ui_selector .options ul .group.whenHover,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul .TnITTtw-group,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul .TnITTtw-group:hover,
.TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul .TnITTtw-group.whenHover {
padding: 16px 10px;
color: #8e8e93;
font-weight: 600;
text-transform: uppercase;
font-size: 12px;
text-align: center;
cursor: default;
background: #FFF;
}
.dark-mode .ui_selector .options ul .group,
.dark-mode .ui_selector .options ul .group:hover,
.dark-mode .ui_selector .options ul .group.whenHover,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul .TnITTtw-group,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul .TnITTtw-group:hover,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-ui_selector .TnITTtw-options ul .TnITTtw-group.TnITTtw-whenHover {
color: #98989D;
background: #525251;
}
.group-element,
.TnITTtw-group-element {
width: 153px;
}
.options .dd-search,
.TnITTtw-options .TnITTtw-dd-search {
border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(200, 199, 204, 0.5);
}
.dark-mode .options .dd-search,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-options .TnITTtw-dd-search {
border-bottom-color: #747473;
}
.dd-search .dd-input,
.TnITTtw-dd-search .TnITTtw-dd-input {
padding: 16px;
padding-left: calc(16px * 3);
width: 168px;
border: none;
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, Ubuntu, sans-serif;
text-align: left;
color: #000;
font-size: 17px;
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/searchfield-icon.png);
background-position: 16px;
background-size: 16px;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
margin: 0;
height: auto;
}
.dark-mode .dd-search .dd-input,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-dd-search .TnITTtw-dd-input {
color: #FFF;
background-color: #525251;
}
.dd-search .dd-input:focus,
.TnITTtw-dd-search .TnITTtw-dd-input:focus {
-webkit-transition: all 275ms cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1);
outline: none;
text-align: left;
}
.dd-input::-webkit-input-placeholder,
.TnITTtw-dd-input::-webkit-input-placeholder {
color: #8e8e93;
}
.search-failed-plaque,
.TnITTtw-search-failed-plaque {
text-align: center;
padding: 20px;
color: #8e8e93;
font-size: 17px;
font-weight: 600;
}
.dark-mode .search-failed-plaque,
.TnITTtw-dark-mode .TnITTtw-search-failed-plaque {
color: #98989D;
}
.rm-recent,
.TnITTtw-rm-recent {
position: absolute;
width: 10px;
height: 10px;
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/regular-lang-remove.png);
background-size: 10px 10px;
top: 15px;
right: 10px;
}
.rm-recent:hover,
.TnITTtw-rm-recent:hover {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/hover-lang-remove.png);
}
.rm-recent:active,
.TnITTtw-rm-recent:active {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/down-lang-remove.png);
}
.option_selected .rm-recent,
.TnITTtw-option_selected .TnITTtw-rm-recent {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/down-active-lang-remove.png);
}
.option_selected .rm-recent:hover,
.TnITTtw-option_selected .TnITTtw-rm-recent:hover {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/hover-active-lang-remove.png);
}
.option_selected .rm-recent:active,
.TnITTtw-option_selected .TnITTtw-rm-recent:active {
background-image: url(chrome-extension://ihmgiclibbndffejedjimfjmfoabpcke/res/images/ui/down-active-lang-remove.png);
}
.TnITTtw-hidden {
display: none;
}</style><style type="text/css">@-webkit-keyframes load4 {
0%,
100% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 0.2em, 2em -2em 0 0em, 3em 0 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 -1em, -3em 0 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 0;
}
12.5% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 0, 2em -2em 0 0.2em, 3em 0 0 0, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 -1em, -3em 0 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
25% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 -0.5em, 2em -2em 0 0, 3em 0 0 0.2em, 2em 2em 0 0, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 -1em, -3em 0 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
37.5% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 -1em, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0em 0 0, 2em 2em 0 0.2em, 0 3em 0 0em, -2em 2em 0 -1em, -3em 0em 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
50% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 -1em, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 0em, 0 3em 0 0.2em, -2em 2em 0 0, -3em 0em 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
62.5% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 -1em, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 0, -2em 2em 0 0.2em, -3em 0 0 0, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
75% {
box-shadow: 0em -3em 0 -1em, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0em 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 0, -3em 0em 0 0.2em, -2em -2em 0 0;
}
87.5% {
box-shadow: 0em -3em 0 0, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 0, -3em 0em 0 0, -2em -2em 0 0.2em;
}
}
@keyframes load4 {
0%,
100% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 0.2em, 2em -2em 0 0em, 3em 0 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 -1em, -3em 0 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 0;
}
12.5% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 0, 2em -2em 0 0.2em, 3em 0 0 0, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 -1em, -3em 0 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
25% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 -0.5em, 2em -2em 0 0, 3em 0 0 0.2em, 2em 2em 0 0, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 -1em, -3em 0 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
37.5% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 -1em, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0em 0 0, 2em 2em 0 0.2em, 0 3em 0 0em, -2em 2em 0 -1em, -3em 0em 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
50% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 -1em, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 0em, 0 3em 0 0.2em, -2em 2em 0 0, -3em 0em 0 -1em, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
62.5% {
box-shadow: 0 -3em 0 -1em, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 0, -2em 2em 0 0.2em, -3em 0 0 0, -2em -2em 0 -1em;
}
75% {
box-shadow: 0em -3em 0 -1em, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0em 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 0, -3em 0em 0 0.2em, -2em -2em 0 0;
}
87.5% {
box-shadow: 0em -3em 0 0, 2em -2em 0 -1em, 3em 0 0 -1em, 2em 2em 0 -1em, 0 3em 0 -1em, -2em 2em 0 0, -3em 0em 0 0, -2em -2em 0 0.2em;
}
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itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><div class="AuthorInfo"><meta itemprop="name" content="新地平线"><meta itemprop="image" content="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-1a60b915d3cdcff28e950d9905be99f8_l.jpg?source=32738c0c"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.zhihu.com/people/xin-di-ping-xian-72"><meta itemprop="zhihu:followerCount"><span class="UserLink AuthorInfo-avatarWrapper"><div class="css-1gomreu"><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/people/xin-di-ping-xian-72" target="_blank" class="UserLink-link" data-za-detail-view-element_name="User"><img class="Avatar AuthorInfo-avatar css-1y9jkzv" src="./a_files/v2-1a60b915d3cdcff28e950d9905be99f8_l.jpg" srcset="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-1a60b915d3cdcff28e950d9905be99f8_l.jpg?source=32738c0c 2x" alt="新地平线"></a></div></span><div class="AuthorInfo-content"><div class="AuthorInfo-head"><span class="UserLink AuthorInfo-name"><div class="css-1gomreu"><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/people/xin-di-ping-xian-72" target="_blank" class="UserLink-link" data-za-detail-view-element_name="User">新地平线</a></div></span></div><div class="AuthorInfo-detail"><div class="AuthorInfo-badge"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="LabelContainer-wrapper"></div><div role="button" tabindex="0"></div></header><div class="Post-RichTextContainer"><div class="css-1yuhvjn"><div class="css-376mun"><div class="RichText ztext Post-RichText css-1g0fqss" options="[object Object]"><p data-first-child="" data-pid="5kEbBjUj">最近我看到很多人谈及<b>贾亮</b>医生的所谓<b>“色觉强化刺激法”</b>治疗色盲色弱，于是我也去搜索了一下，发现不少网站发布了相关内容，各网站版本不同，但内容大同小异，都提到了<b>“色觉强化刺激法”</b>这一方法。</p><p data-pid="e6SfSXTt"><b>注：本文所有“色盲”都是指有两种视锥细胞的先天性色盲（红色盲、绿色盲和蓝色盲），全色盲等除外。</b></p><p data-pid="GAffWn9F">但是这种方法其实不可靠，先天性色觉异常是由基因决定的，其根源在于视网膜中的一种或多种视锥细胞的敏感峰值发生了偏移，或者是缺失、无法正常工作。</p><p data-pid="DKLd-Fc6">而贾亮医生的“色觉强化刺激法”似乎完全忽略了这一点。</p><p data-pid="gRTrJbD8">仅仅通过刺激色觉，无法改变人的基因构造，也无法使人凭空增加缺失的视锥细胞。</p><p data-pid="4UKOvVmO">这样的“治疗”不仅无法解决问题，更可能给色觉异常者带来更多困扰。</p><p data-pid="4rOGj6Bf">实际上仔细观察，我们可以发现这些网站发布的内容存在很多<b>错误</b>，例如“中国网”发布的“解放军总医院眼科专家助你看见全息彩虹”提到：</p><blockquote data-pid="UT1BgqQg">我们都知道红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫七种颜色是组成彩虹最基本的几种颜色，但有这么一部分人因为先天性色觉异常却不能完整欣赏到大自然中这最亮丽的景色。解放军总医院眼科医学部专家通过系统检测，再利用全球最新的“色觉强化刺激法（Color vision enhancement stimulation，CVES）”治疗，可帮助这类患者看见自然界最亮丽的这道风景。目前，这一治疗方法已在临床用于数十例患者的治疗，总体有效率达60%。</blockquote><p data-pid="VkmuKSbs">这篇网站把“色觉强化刺激法”称为“全球最新技术”，配了一个看起来颇为高级的英文名字，让人觉得确有其事。</p><p data-pid="8lSb4Azo">但事实真的是这样吗？</p><p data-pid="gS8qw75j">我试图在国外的搜索引擎搜索，<b>没有找到任何关于“Color vision enhancement stimulation”的内容</b>：</p><figure data-size="normal"><noscript><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="863" data-rawheight="928" data-size="normal" data-original-token="v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="863" data-original="https://pic2.zhimg.com/v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_r.jpg"/></noscript><div><img src="./a_files/v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_720w.webp" data-rawwidth="863" data-rawheight="928" data-size="normal" data-original-token="v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" width="863" data-original="https://pic2.zhimg.com/v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_r.jpg" data-actualsrc="https://pic2.zhimg.com/v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_b.jpg" height="928" data-lazy-status="ok"></div><figcaption>Google 搜索结果</figcaption></figure><p data-pid="PJ53pn5v">既然是“全球最新技术”，为什么国外搜索引擎无法查找到任何关于该内容的信息？</p><p data-pid="6i0ebFYh">“新浪新闻”发布的“辨色不清也有精准治疗”文章提到：</p><blockquote data-pid="kv4jJoBV">目前国内通用的色觉异常检查工具主要为《俞自萍色盲本》，可以给出“红绿色盲”、“红绿色弱”的判断，但无法精确患者所属的颜色类型与严重程度。<br>基于人眼对红、绿、蓝3种颜色的敏感性，结合飞行员色觉检测方法，利用色彩饱和度连续变化，贾亮设计“百分制色觉定量检测系统”，以量化评估患者的感色力、辨色力。<br> 在灰色背景上标红色数字，红色最浅(饱和度最低)时对应100分，评分随红色饱和度的增加而递减，患者什么时候能够识别出数字，就评为几分，绿、蓝同理，以此评估患者感色力。<br> 在红色背景上标绿色数字，两种颜色饱和度最低时对应100分，评分随两种颜色饱和度的增加而递减，患者什么时候能够区分开不同的颜色，就评为几分，红蓝、蓝绿组合同理，以此评估患者辨色力。<br> 色觉异常患者眼中的颜色与常人不同，但通常自己意识不到，因此可采用“色彩匹配判定法”，给出9种不同的“红绿蓝”，或模拟4种不同视觉效果的红绿灯场景，让患者直观、快速地指认出哪种情况与自己眼中的更像，以细化诊断，也可与量化评分结果相互验证。</blockquote><p data-pid="aDU3ltDZ">主要存在四个错误。</p><ol><li data-pid="khvEqNn7">俞自萍第五、第六版都有区分红色盲和绿色盲的图幅。</li><li data-pid="0kW6Yvys">把特定颜色的数字标在灰色字母上，这种方法是不可靠的。例如，绿色盲并不意味着把绿色看成灰色，因为绿色在正常人的眼睛中会刺激多种视锥细胞，且绿色不位于绿色盲的中性点处。即使缺少了M型视锥细胞，绿色盲也不会把绿色看成灰色。绿色盲通常会将红色和绿色都看作棕黄色，因此这种方法并不靠谱，不能有效鉴定色盲类型。</li></ol><p data-pid="ThrKHlBQ">贾亮医生自己的公众号“色觉评估联合体”上发布了所谓的“百分制色觉量测力评分表”，但是我作为一个正常色觉的人，77以上根本看不到红色、蓝色两列的颜色，后面的数字也无法看清（按照评分标准，属于色盲），找了身边的好几个人也是如此，或许只有贾亮自己才能看清了吧～</p><figure data-size="normal"><noscript><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="1080" data-rawheight="2400" data-size="normal" data-original-token="v2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="1080" data-original="https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f_r.jpg"/></noscript><div><img src="./a_files/v2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f_720w.webp" data-rawwidth="1080" data-rawheight="2400" data-size="normal" data-original-token="v2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" width="1080" data-original="https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f_r.jpg" data-actualsrc="https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f_b.jpg" height="2400" data-lazy-status="ok"></div></figure><p data-pid="tmn6YoBm">贾亮在此公众号中发布最多的内容就是“色觉是波动的”，以此证明自己的检测方法是精准的，甚至拿视错觉的图来证明这个观点，这完全是两码事。</p><figure data-size="normal"><noscript><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="874" data-rawheight="187" data-size="normal" data-original-token="v2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="874" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460_r.jpg"/></noscript><div><img src="./a_files/v2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460_720w.webp" data-rawwidth="874" data-rawheight="187" data-size="normal" data-original-token="v2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" width="874" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460_r.jpg" data-actualsrc="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460_b.jpg" height="187" data-lazy-status="ok"></div><figcaption>绿色盲模拟</figcaption></figure><ol><li data-pid="OQT372bH">关于在某种颜色背景下标出某种数字，我要特别提一下“红蓝”的组合。目前，任何一种先天性、有两种视锥细胞的色盲都不会混淆红色和蓝色（红绿色盲眼中是黄褐色和蓝色，蓝色盲眼中是红色和青色，都是互补色，对比鲜明）。</li><li data-pid="YxBspfS9">“模拟4种不同视觉效果的红绿灯场景”也存在错误，这里拿“中国人民解放军总医院”网站上的一幅图来说明：</li></ol><figure data-size="normal"><noscript><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="1783" data-rawheight="996" data-size="normal" data-caption="" data-original-token="v2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="1783" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84_r.jpg"/></noscript><div><img src="./a_files/v2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84_720w.webp" data-rawwidth="1783" data-rawheight="996" data-size="normal" data-caption="" data-original-token="v2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" width="1783" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84_r.jpg" data-actualsrc="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84_b.jpg" height="996" data-lazy-status="ok"></div></figure><p data-pid="Iw1OHO2H">右上角的标注的“绿色盲”明显是绿色弱的模拟，模拟图仍然能够清楚地看到红色和绿色。</p><figure data-size="normal"><noscript><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="880" data-rawheight="880" data-size="normal" data-caption="" data-original-token="v2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="880" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24_r.jpg"/></noscript><div><img src="./a_files/v2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24_720w.webp" data-rawwidth="880" data-rawheight="880" data-size="normal" data-caption="" data-original-token="v2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" width="880" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24_r.jpg" data-actualsrc="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24_b.jpg" height="880" data-lazy-status="ok"></div></figure><p data-pid="PmoX_QNd">经过一番搜寻，我找到了原图，原图标注的是“DEUTERANOMALY”（绿色弱）。</p><p data-pid="6wDLL_rb">自称使用“全球最新技术”的贾亮医生在搬运国外网站的模拟图时，连最基本的术语为什么都会翻译错误？</p><p data-pid="r0ui1tGx">这也说明这种诊断方式是不靠谱的，假如这张图真的拿去诊断，那么红绿色弱肯定会认为“绿色盲”这幅图和原图更相似，导致诊断错误。</p><p data-pid="okIJfa-s">其实这张图也并不能体现出红色盲和绿色盲之间的差异，红绿色盲看到“正常视觉”“红色盲”“绿色盲”三幅图基本上是一致的。</p><p data-pid="asKlVnAx"><b>我们可以假想一下，要是色觉刺激法能让人获得另一种视锥细胞，那么贾亮医生为什么不先把自己“刺激”成四色视觉体验一下呢？</b></p><p data-pid="hwMvFP5G"><b>所以，所谓的“色觉强化刺激法”是没有科学依据的（一些“针灸”治疗色盲也同理），目前并没有对于先天性色觉异常的治疗方法，大家要理性思考，谨防上当受骗。</b></p><p data-pid="ZdfB65i6"><b>有趣的是，一篇称针灸可以治疗色盲的文章直接否认了色觉刺激法治疗色盲这种方法：</b></p><figure data-size="normal"><noscript><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-8c90a5b3dd02b8d3faaf8a0914a8f164_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="283" data-rawheight="188" data-size="normal" data-original-token="v2-8c90a5b3dd02b8d3faaf8a0914a8f164" class="content_image" width="283"/></noscript><div><img src="./a_files/v2-8c90a5b3dd02b8d3faaf8a0914a8f164_720w.webp" data-rawwidth="283" data-rawheight="188" data-size="normal" data-original-token="v2-8c90a5b3dd02b8d3faaf8a0914a8f164" class="content_image lazy" width="283" data-actualsrc="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-8c90a5b3dd02b8d3faaf8a0914a8f164_b.jpg" height="188" data-lazy-status="ok"></div><figcaption>针灸治疗色盲的研究 蔡宗敏</figcaption></figure><h2>具体病例</h2><p data-pid="7xxaYpar">让我们来看看贾亮医生诊断过的具体病例，具体看看贾亮医生是如何诊断的，更有说服力（选自黑龙江网“色觉异常是最容易被忽视的眼睛问题”）：</p><figure data-size="normal"><noscript><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="938" data-rawheight="592" data-size="normal" data-caption="" data-original-token="v2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="938" data-original="https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2_r.jpg"/></noscript><div><img src="./a_files/v2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2_720w.webp" data-rawwidth="938" data-rawheight="592" data-size="normal" data-caption="" data-original-token="v2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" width="938" data-original="https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2_r.jpg" data-actualsrc="https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2_b.jpg" height="592" data-lazy-status="ok"></div></figure><p data-pid="vN3S0tAl">“蓝绿不分”是蓝色盲/蓝色弱的表现，甚至不经过色觉检测也能得出初步的结论。但是经过色觉检测后，贾亮医生却回答了红绿色盲的遗传规律。（这里解释一下，S型视锥细胞基因在常染色体上，遗传规律肯定不分男女）</p><p data-pid="uGhpQSaU">仔细观察我们还能发现，这个规律其实是错误的。</p><p data-pid="pf5jNczb">我们如果假设不包括母亲是携带者的情况，贾亮医生所说“女儿要么是色盲，要么是携带者”的说法不成立：</p><p data-pid="qaPhrz1v">a) 患病父亲（XcY）和正常母亲（XX）：男孩不会患病，女孩100%成为携带者。</p><p data-pid="x02NbFr5">如果包括，那就是：</p><p data-pid="XetbpyJj">a) 患病父亲（XcY）和正常母亲（XX）：男孩不会患病，女孩100%成为携带者。</p><p data-pid="h8QW26a7">b) 患病父亲（XcY）和携带者母亲（XcX）：男孩有50%的几率患病，女孩有50%的几率成为携带者，25%的几率患病。</p><p data-pid="-RTdpEzk">和贾亮医生所说“传女不传男”相矛盾，所以这个遗传规律也存在错误。</p><h2>夸张的误诊率</h2><p data-pid="11cErwDb">澎湃新闻网站的《一张“色盲卡”测试就确定是色盲色弱？这让多少人失去追梦的权利！》提到</p><blockquote data-pid="za4Cnxua">据第二版《中华眼科学》中的数据显示，色盲的患病率因国家、民族、地区而不同，中国人的色盲率为男性4.71%、女性0.67%。据第七次人口普查数据，全国色盲人口超3000万人。<br>“我在临床中遇到的100个被色盲检测本诊断为色盲的患者中，基本上只有5个患者是真正的色盲，其他大部分都是误判，但是一旦发生误判，很难去申请复议。”解放军总医院第一医学中心眼科副主任医师贾亮告诉记者，其实目前色盲诊断的标准并不明确，也不具备其他可替代的方法，国内诊断色盲色弱的金标准就是色盲检测本，使用频率最高的是俞自萍检测本，一般用的是第五版或者第六版。</blockquote><p data-pid="0VUQNeJv">虽然色弱误诊成色盲的概率确实较高，但是绝对没有贾亮所说的“100个被色盲检测本诊断为色盲的患者中，基本上只有5个患者是真正的色盲”，即误诊率为95%。然而，这个数字明显高于实际情况，让我们来进行深入的分析。</p><p data-pid="cQt5l8Cc">这篇文章的开头引用了色盲的患病率，男性的患病率为4.71%。我们就按照这个数据进行计算，如果我们假设所有男性（包括正常色觉的）都被误诊为色盲，那么误诊率将为95.29%。这个比例仅比贾亮医生提出的95%稍微高一点。这种假设是相当极端的，在体检中，大部分人都不会被检测成“色盲”。很明显，贾亮医生声称的误诊率是错误的。我们需要注意的是，任何医疗统计数据都应该基于严谨的研究和分析，避免误导公众。</p><h2>相关文章和链接</h2><p data-pid="LrE7alJE"><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//k.sina.com.cn/article_7517400647_1c0126e470590250nu.html" class=" wrap external" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer" data-za-detail-view-id="1043">辨色不清也有精准治疗</a></p><p data-pid="DhBWZFzC"><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//guoqing.china.com.cn/2021-11/08/content_77858534.htm" class=" wrap external" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer" data-za-detail-view-id="1043">解放军总医院眼科专家助你看见全息彩虹_中国国情_中国网</a></p><p data-pid="ucpLBR01"><a href="https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.301hospital.com.cn/want/news/Hospital/detail/9287.html" class=" wrap external" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer" 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src="./a_files/v2-a8f7f10fe8cdb983c08416c5f334e3ab_l.jpg" srcset="https://picx.zhimg.com/v2-a8f7f10fe8cdb983c08416c5f334e3ab_l.jpg?source=06d4cd63 2x" alt="VueEmit" loading="lazy"></a></div></div><div class="css-14nvvry"><div class="css-1besdh8"><div class="css-swj9d4"><div class="css-1tww9qq"><div class="css-1gomreu"><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/people/6a94110329b1d0095d07515bd0bd23da" target="_blank" class="css-1rd0h6f">VueEmit</a></div><div class="css-1qe0v6x"><div class="css-1ssbn0c"></div></div></div></div><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--Dots24 css-zgte1c" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.83 12a1.665 1.665 0 1 1-3.33 0 1.665 1.665 0 0 1 3.33 0Zm7.835 0a1.665 1.665 0 1 1-3.33 0 1.665 1.665 0 0 1 3.33 0Zm6.17 1.665a1.665 1.665 0 1 0 0-3.33 1.665 1.665 0 0 0 0 3.33Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div><div class="CommentContent css-1t9bp9f"><p>所以到底行不</p></div><div class="css-140jo2"><div class="css-8hxn0r"><div 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class="css-1ssbn0c"></div><span class="css-h9ndtl" href="">作者</span></div></div></div><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--Dots24 css-zgte1c" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.83 12a1.665 1.665 0 1 1-3.33 0 1.665 1.665 0 0 1 3.33 0Zm7.835 0a1.665 1.665 0 1 1-3.33 0 1.665 1.665 0 0 1 3.33 0Zm6.17 1.665a1.665 1.665 0 1 0 0-3.33 1.665 1.665 0 0 0 0 3.33Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></div><div class="CommentContent css-1t9bp9f">不行</div><div class="css-140jo2"><div class="css-8hxn0r"><div class="css-x1xlu5"><span class="css-12cl38p">06-07</span><span> · </span><span class="css-nm6sok" href="">IP 属地江西</span></div></div><div class="css-18opwoy"><button type="button" class="Button Button--plain Button--withIcon Button--withLabel css-1o56bgb"><span style="display: inline-flex; align-items: center;"><svg width="1.2em" height="1.2em" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="ZDI ZDI--ChatBubbleFill24 css-15ro776" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" 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src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic2.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_200x112.jpeg\" data-rawwidth=\"863\" data-rawheight=\"928\" data-size=\"normal\" data-caption=\"Google 搜索结果\" data-watermark=\"original\" data-original-src=\"v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed\" data-watermark-src=\"v2-c191bd7cce329bacd3085e68602ae435\" data-private-watermark-src=\"\" data-original-token=\"v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed\" class=\"origin_image inline-img zh-lightbox-thumb\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic2.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_r.jpeg\"\u002F\u003E最近我看到很多人谈及 \u003Cb\u003E贾亮\u003C\u002Fb\u003E医生的所谓\u003Cb\u003E“色觉强化刺激法”\u003C\u002Fb\u003E治疗色盲色弱，于是我也去搜索了一下，发现不少网站发布了相关内容，各网站版本不同，但内容大同小异，都提到了\u003Cb\u003E“色觉强化刺激法”\u003C\u002Fb\u003E这一方法。 \u003Cb\u003E注：本文所有“色盲”都是指有两种视锥细胞的先天性色盲…\u003C\u002Fb\u003E","created":1685879007,"updated":1687241540,"author":{"isFollowed":false,"avatarUrlTemplate":"https:\u002F\u002Fpicx.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-1a60b915d3cdcff28e950d9905be99f8.jpg?source=172ae18b","uid":"1079038400660557824","userType":"people","isFollowing":false,"urlToken":"xin-di-ping-xian-72","id":"4ab91135407dcc7c4774393844d7ab8a","description":"","name":"新地平线","isAdvertiser":false,"headline":"","gender":-1,"url":"\u002Fpeople\u002F4ab91135407dcc7c4774393844d7ab8a","avatarUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fpicx.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-1a60b915d3cdcff28e950d9905be99f8_l.jpg?source=172ae18b","isOrg":false,"type":"people","badge":[],"badgeV2":{"title":"","mergedBadges":[],"detailBadges":[],"icon":"","nightIcon":""},"exposedMedal":{"medalId":"972464154808860672","medalName":"社交达人","avatarUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fpicx.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-43f31dcf25c71d80b5808055529663c8_r.png?source=172ae18b","miniAvatarUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fpica.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-43f31dcf25c71d80b5808055529663c8_l.png?source=172ae18b","description":"关注 5 个人","medalAvatarFrame":""}},"commentPermission":"all","copyrightPermission":"need_review","state":"published","ipInfo":"IP 属地江西","imageWidth":0,"imageHeight":0,"content":"\u003Cp data-pid=\"5kEbBjUj\"\u003E最近我看到很多人谈及\u003Cb\u003E贾亮\u003C\u002Fb\u003E医生的所谓\u003Cb\u003E“色觉强化刺激法”\u003C\u002Fb\u003E治疗色盲色弱，于是我也去搜索了一下，发现不少网站发布了相关内容，各网站版本不同，但内容大同小异，都提到了\u003Cb\u003E“色觉强化刺激法”\u003C\u002Fb\u003E这一方法。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"e6SfSXTt\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E注：本文所有“色盲”都是指有两种视锥细胞的先天性色盲（红色盲、绿色盲和蓝色盲），全色盲等除外。\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"GAffWn9F\"\u003E但是这种方法其实不可靠，先天性色觉异常是由基因决定的，其根源在于视网膜中的一种或多种视锥细胞的敏感峰值发生了偏移，或者是缺失、无法正常工作。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"DKLd-Fc6\"\u003E而贾亮医生的“色觉强化刺激法”似乎完全忽略了这一点。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"gRTrJbD8\"\u003E仅仅通过刺激色觉，无法改变人的基因构造，也无法使人凭空增加缺失的视锥细胞。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"4UKOvVmO\"\u003E这样的“治疗”不仅无法解决问题，更可能给色觉异常者带来更多困扰。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"4rOGj6Bf\"\u003E实际上仔细观察，我们可以发现这些网站发布的内容存在很多\u003Cb\u003E错误\u003C\u002Fb\u003E，例如“中国网”发布的“解放军总医院眼科专家助你看见全息彩虹”提到：\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cblockquote data-pid=\"UT1BgqQg\"\u003E我们都知道红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫七种颜色是组成彩虹最基本的几种颜色，但有这么一部分人因为先天性色觉异常却不能完整欣赏到大自然中这最亮丽的景色。解放军总医院眼科医学部专家通过系统检测，再利用全球最新的“色觉强化刺激法（Color vision enhancement stimulation，CVES）”治疗，可帮助这类患者看见自然界最亮丽的这道风景。目前，这一治疗方法已在临床用于数十例患者的治疗，总体有效率达60%。\u003C\u002Fblockquote\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"VkmuKSbs\"\u003E这篇网站把“色觉强化刺激法”称为“全球最新技术”，配了一个看起来颇为高级的英文名字，让人觉得确有其事。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"8lSb4Azo\"\u003E但事实真的是这样吗？\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"gS8qw75j\"\u003E我试图在国外的搜索引擎搜索，\u003Cb\u003E没有找到任何关于“Color vision enhancement stimulation”的内容\u003C\u002Fb\u003E：\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cfigure data-size=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic2.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_b.jpg\" data-rawwidth=\"863\" data-rawheight=\"928\" data-size=\"normal\" data-original-token=\"v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb\" width=\"863\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic2.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_r.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"data:image\u002Fsvg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg' width='863' height='928'><\u002Fsvg>\" data-rawwidth=\"863\" data-rawheight=\"928\" data-size=\"normal\" data-original-token=\"v2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" width=\"863\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic2.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic2.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-5115b400354f66923d7dd5976abc3fed_b.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003EGoogle 搜索结果\u003C\u002Ffigcaption\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"PJ53pn5v\"\u003E既然是“全球最新技术”，为什么国外搜索引擎无法查找到任何关于该内容的信息？\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"6i0ebFYh\"\u003E“新浪新闻”发布的“辨色不清也有精准治疗”文章提到：\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cblockquote data-pid=\"kv4jJoBV\"\u003E目前国内通用的色觉异常检查工具主要为《俞自萍色盲本》，可以给出“红绿色盲”、“红绿色弱”的判断，但无法精确患者所属的颜色类型与严重程度。\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E基于人眼对红、绿、蓝3种颜色的敏感性，结合飞行员色觉检测方法，利用色彩饱和度连续变化，贾亮设计“百分制色觉定量检测系统”，以量化评估患者的感色力、辨色力。\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E 在灰色背景上标红色数字，红色最浅(饱和度最低)时对应100分，评分随红色饱和度的增加而递减，患者什么时候能够识别出数字，就评为几分，绿、蓝同理，以此评估患者感色力。\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E 在红色背景上标绿色数字，两种颜色饱和度最低时对应100分，评分随两种颜色饱和度的增加而递减，患者什么时候能够区分开不同的颜色，就评为几分，红蓝、蓝绿组合同理，以此评估患者辨色力。\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E 色觉异常患者眼中的颜色与常人不同，但通常自己意识不到，因此可采用“色彩匹配判定法”，给出9种不同的“红绿蓝”，或模拟4种不同视觉效果的红绿灯场景，让患者直观、快速地指认出哪种情况与自己眼中的更像，以细化诊断，也可与量化评分结果相互验证。\u003C\u002Fblockquote\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"aDU3ltDZ\"\u003E主要存在四个错误。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Col\u003E\u003Cli data-pid=\"khvEqNn7\"\u003E俞自萍第五、第六版都有区分红色盲和绿色盲的图幅。\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli data-pid=\"0kW6Yvys\"\u003E把特定颜色的数字标在灰色字母上，这种方法是不可靠的。例如，绿色盲并不意味着把绿色看成灰色，因为绿色在正常人的眼睛中会刺激多种视锥细胞，且绿色不位于绿色盲的中性点处。即使缺少了M型视锥细胞，绿色盲也不会把绿色看成灰色。绿色盲通常会将红色和绿色都看作棕黄色，因此这种方法并不靠谱，不能有效鉴定色盲类型。\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Fol\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"ThrKHlBQ\"\u003E贾亮医生自己的公众号“色觉评估联合体”上发布了所谓的“百分制色觉量测力评分表”，但是我作为一个正常色觉的人，77以上根本看不到红色、蓝色两列的颜色，后面的数字也无法看清（按照评分标准，属于色盲），找了身边的好几个人也是如此，或许只有贾亮自己才能看清了吧～\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cfigure data-size=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic4.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f_b.jpg\" data-rawwidth=\"1080\" data-rawheight=\"2400\" data-size=\"normal\" data-original-token=\"v2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb\" width=\"1080\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic4.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f_r.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"data:image\u002Fsvg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg' width='1080' height='2400'><\u002Fsvg>\" data-rawwidth=\"1080\" data-rawheight=\"2400\" data-size=\"normal\" data-original-token=\"v2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" width=\"1080\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic4.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic4.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-0bf455ef13b72ae39ed6824c1f8b399f_b.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"tmn6YoBm\"\u003E贾亮在此公众号中发布最多的内容就是“色觉是波动的”，以此证明自己的检测方法是精准的，甚至拿视错觉的图来证明这个观点，这完全是两码事。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cfigure data-size=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460_b.jpg\" data-rawwidth=\"874\" data-rawheight=\"187\" data-size=\"normal\" data-original-token=\"v2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb\" width=\"874\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460_r.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"data:image\u002Fsvg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg' width='874' height='187'><\u002Fsvg>\" data-rawwidth=\"874\" data-rawheight=\"187\" data-size=\"normal\" data-original-token=\"v2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" width=\"874\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-2e405336285dd0583c885dd1f2feb460_b.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E绿色盲模拟\u003C\u002Ffigcaption\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\u003Col\u003E\u003Cli data-pid=\"OQT372bH\"\u003E关于在某种颜色背景下标出某种数字，我要特别提一下“红蓝”的组合。目前，任何一种先天性、有两种视锥细胞的色盲都不会混淆红色和蓝色（红绿色盲眼中是黄褐色和蓝色，蓝色盲眼中是红色和青色，都是互补色，对比鲜明）。\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli data-pid=\"YxBspfS9\"\u003E“模拟4种不同视觉效果的红绿灯场景”也存在错误，这里拿“中国人民解放军总医院”网站上的一幅图来说明：\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Fol\u003E\u003Cfigure data-size=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84_b.jpg\" data-rawwidth=\"1783\" data-rawheight=\"996\" data-size=\"normal\" data-caption=\"\" data-original-token=\"v2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb\" width=\"1783\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84_r.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"data:image\u002Fsvg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg' width='1783' height='996'><\u002Fsvg>\" data-rawwidth=\"1783\" data-rawheight=\"996\" data-size=\"normal\" data-caption=\"\" data-original-token=\"v2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" width=\"1783\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-e5f2905c4cd923a63bfcd03e15d3af84_b.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"Iw1OHO2H\"\u003E右上角的标注的“绿色盲”明显是绿色弱的模拟，模拟图仍然能够清楚地看到红色和绿色。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cfigure data-size=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24_b.jpg\" data-rawwidth=\"880\" data-rawheight=\"880\" data-size=\"normal\" data-caption=\"\" data-original-token=\"v2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb\" width=\"880\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24_r.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"data:image\u002Fsvg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg' width='880' height='880'><\u002Fsvg>\" data-rawwidth=\"880\" data-rawheight=\"880\" data-size=\"normal\" data-caption=\"\" data-original-token=\"v2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" width=\"880\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-8b64eb669a5b48d6d76acf498378ce24_b.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"PmoX_QNd\"\u003E经过一番搜寻，我找到了原图，原图标注的是“DEUTERANOMALY”（绿色弱）。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"6wDLL_rb\"\u003E自称使用“全球最新技术”的贾亮医生在搬运国外网站的模拟图时，连最基本的术语为什么都会翻译错误？\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"r0ui1tGx\"\u003E这也说明这种诊断方式是不靠谱的，假如这张图真的拿去诊断，那么红绿色弱肯定会认为“绿色盲”这幅图和原图更相似，导致诊断错误。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"okIJfa-s\"\u003E其实这张图也并不能体现出红色盲和绿色盲之间的差异，红绿色盲看到“正常视觉”“红色盲”“绿色盲”三幅图基本上是一致的。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"asKlVnAx\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E我们可以假想一下，要是色觉刺激法能让人获得另一种视锥细胞，那么贾亮医生为什么不先把自己“刺激”成四色视觉体验一下呢？\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"hwMvFP5G\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E所以，所谓的“色觉强化刺激法”是没有科学依据的（一些“针灸”治疗色盲也同理），目前并没有对于先天性色觉异常的治疗方法，大家要理性思考，谨防上当受骗。\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"ZdfB65i6\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E有趣的是，一篇称针灸可以治疗色盲的文章直接否认了色觉刺激法治疗色盲这种方法：\u003C\u002Fb\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cfigure data-size=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-8c90a5b3dd02b8d3faaf8a0914a8f164_b.jpg\" data-rawwidth=\"283\" data-rawheight=\"188\" data-size=\"normal\" data-original-token=\"v2-8c90a5b3dd02b8d3faaf8a0914a8f164\" class=\"content_image\" width=\"283\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"data:image\u002Fsvg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg' width='283' height='188'><\u002Fsvg>\" data-rawwidth=\"283\" data-rawheight=\"188\" data-size=\"normal\" data-original-token=\"v2-8c90a5b3dd02b8d3faaf8a0914a8f164\" class=\"content_image lazy\" width=\"283\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic1.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-8c90a5b3dd02b8d3faaf8a0914a8f164_b.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E针灸治疗色盲的研究 蔡宗敏\u003C\u002Ffigcaption\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E具体病例\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"7xxaYpar\"\u003E让我们来看看贾亮医生诊断过的具体病例，具体看看贾亮医生是如何诊断的，更有说服力（选自黑龙江网“色觉异常是最容易被忽视的眼睛问题”）：\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cfigure data-size=\"normal\"\u003E\u003Cnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic3.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2_b.jpg\" data-rawwidth=\"938\" data-rawheight=\"592\" data-size=\"normal\" data-caption=\"\" data-original-token=\"v2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb\" width=\"938\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic3.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2_r.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fnoscript\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"data:image\u002Fsvg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2000\u002Fsvg' width='938' height='592'><\u002Fsvg>\" data-rawwidth=\"938\" data-rawheight=\"592\" data-size=\"normal\" data-caption=\"\" data-original-token=\"v2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2\" class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" width=\"938\" data-original=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic3.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpic3.zhimg.com\u002Fv2-35bfd0b69cda89f3bf405a5646a86ad2_b.jpg\"\u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"vN3S0tAl\"\u003E“蓝绿不分”是蓝色盲\u002F蓝色弱的表现，甚至不经过色觉检测也能得出初步的结论。但是经过色觉检测后，贾亮医生却回答了红绿色盲的遗传规律。（这里解释一下，S型视锥细胞基因在常染色体上，遗传规律肯定不分男女）\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"uGhpQSaU\"\u003E仔细观察我们还能发现，这个规律其实是错误的。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"pf5jNczb\"\u003E我们如果假设不包括母亲是携带者的情况，贾亮医生所说“女儿要么是色盲，要么是携带者”的说法不成立：\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"qaPhrz1v\"\u003Ea) 患病父亲（XcY）和正常母亲（XX）：男孩不会患病，女孩100%成为携带者。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"x02NbFr5\"\u003E如果包括，那就是：\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"XetbpyJj\"\u003Ea) 患病父亲（XcY）和正常母亲（XX）：男孩不会患病，女孩100%成为携带者。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"h8QW26a7\"\u003Eb) 患病父亲（XcY）和携带者母亲（XcX）：男孩有50%的几率患病，女孩有50%的几率成为携带者，25%的几率患病。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"-RTdpEzk\"\u003E和贾亮医生所说“传女不传男”相矛盾，所以这个遗传规律也存在错误。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E夸张的误诊率\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"11cErwDb\"\u003E澎湃新闻网站的《一张“色盲卡”测试就确定是色盲色弱？这让多少人失去追梦的权利！》提到\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cblockquote data-pid=\"za4Cnxua\"\u003E据第二版《中华眼科学》中的数据显示，色盲的患病率因国家、民族、地区而不同，中国人的色盲率为男性4.71%、女性0.67%。据第七次人口普查数据，全国色盲人口超3000万人。\u003Cbr\u002F\u003E“我在临床中遇到的100个被色盲检测本诊断为色盲的患者中，基本上只有5个患者是真正的色盲，其他大部分都是误判，但是一旦发生误判，很难去申请复议。”解放军总医院第一医学中心眼科副主任医师贾亮告诉记者，其实目前色盲诊断的标准并不明确，也不具备其他可替代的方法，国内诊断色盲色弱的金标准就是色盲检测本，使用频率最高的是俞自萍检测本，一般用的是第五版或者第六版。\u003C\u002Fblockquote\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"0VUQNeJv\"\u003E虽然色弱误诊成色盲的概率确实较高，但是绝对没有贾亮所说的“100个被色盲检测本诊断为色盲的患者中，基本上只有5个患者是真正的色盲”，即误诊率为95%。然而，这个数字明显高于实际情况，让我们来进行深入的分析。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"cQt5l8Cc\"\u003E这篇文章的开头引用了色盲的患病率，男性的患病率为4.71%。我们就按照这个数据进行计算，如果我们假设所有男性（包括正常色觉的）都被误诊为色盲，那么误诊率将为95.29%。这个比例仅比贾亮医生提出的95%稍微高一点。这种假设是相当极端的，在体检中，大部分人都不会被检测成“色盲”。很明显，贾亮医生声称的误诊率是错误的。我们需要注意的是，任何医疗统计数据都应该基于严谨的研究和分析，避免误导公众。\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Ch2\u003E相关文章和链接\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"LrE7alJE\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fk.sina.com.cn\u002Farticle_7517400647_1c0126e470590250nu.html\" class=\" wrap external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"\u003E辨色不清也有精准治疗\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"DhBWZFzC\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=http%3A\u002F\u002Fguoqing.china.com.cn\u002F2021-11\u002F08\u002Fcontent_77858534.htm\" class=\" wrap external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"\u003E解放军总医院眼科专家助你看见全息彩虹_中国国情_中国网\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"ucpLBR01\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=https%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.301hospital.com.cn\u002Fwant\u002Fnews\u002FHospital\u002Fdetail\u002F9287.html\" class=\" wrap external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"\u003E因“红绿色盲”无缘军营，个体化矫正治疗助他圆梦！_中国人民解放军总医院_因,红,绿色,盲,无缘,军营,个体化,矫正,治疗,助,他,圆梦\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"t-OPINf4\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=https%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.chinahlj.cn\u002Fnews\u002F532026.html\" class=\" wrap external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"\u003E色觉异常是最容易被忽视的眼睛问题 - 黑龙江网\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"riQ2HydR\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=https%3A\u002F\u002Fm.thepaper.cn\u002Fbaijiahao_18297535\" class=\" wrap external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"\u003E一张“色盲卡”测试就确定是色盲色弱？这让多少人失去追梦的权利！\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"7oiFVjdg\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=https%3A\u002F\u002Fm.thepaper.cn\u002Fbaijiahao_18297535\" class=\" wrap external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"\u003E一张“色盲卡”测试就确定是色盲色弱？这让多少人失去追梦的权利！\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp data-pid=\"iXIeHZuc\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flink.zhihu.com\u002F?target=https%3A\u002F\u002Fwww.boredpanda.com\u002Fdifferent-types-color-blindness-photos\u002F\" class=\" wrap external\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer\"\u003EYou’ll Be Amazed How People With Color Blindness See The World (57 Pics)\u003C\u002Fa\u003E（#3 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ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#ar">Arabic</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('he');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#he">Hebrew</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('pl');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#pl">Polish</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('bg');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#bg">Bulgarian</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('hi');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#hi">Hindi</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('pt');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#pt">Portuguese</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('ca');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#ca">Catalan</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('mww');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#mww">Hmong Daw</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('ro');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#ro">Romanian</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('zh-CHS');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#zh-CHS">Chinese Simplified</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('hu');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#hu">Hungarian</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('ru');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#ru">Russian</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('zh-CHT');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#zh-CHT">Chinese Traditional</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('id');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#id">Indonesian</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('sk');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#sk">Slovak</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('cs');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#cs">Czech</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('it');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#it">Italian</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('sl');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#sl">Slovenian</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('da');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#da">Danish</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('ja');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#ja">Japanese</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('es');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#es">Spanish</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('nl');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#nl">Dutch</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('tlh');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#tlh">Klingon</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('sv');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#sv">Swedish</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('en');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#en">English</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('ko');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#ko">Korean</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('th');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#th">Thai</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('et');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#et">Estonian</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('lv');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#lv">Latvian</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('tr');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#tr">Turkish</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('fi');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#fi">Finnish</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('lt');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#lt">Lithuanian</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('uk');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#uk">Ukrainian</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('fr');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#fr">French</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('ms');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#ms">Malay</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('ur');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#ur">Urdu</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('de');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#de">German</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('mt');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#mt">Maltese</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('vi');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#vi">Vietnamese</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('el');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#el">Greek</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('no');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#no">Norwegian</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('cy');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#cy">Welsh</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('ht');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#ht">Haitian Creole</a></td><td><a tabindex="-1" onclick="return LanguageMenu.onclick('fa');" ondragstart="LanguageMenu.ondragstart(event);" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/634595798?#fa">Persian</a></td><td></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <img alt="" style="height:7px;width:17px;border-width:0px;left:20px;"> </div></div></div></div> <script type="text/javascript"> var LanguageMenu; var LanguageMenu_keys=["ar","bg","ca","zh-CHS","zh-CHT","cs","da","nl","en","et","fi","fr","de","el","ht","he","hi","mww","hu","id","it","ja","tlh","ko","lv","lt","ms","mt","no","fa","pl","pt","ro","ru","sk","sl","es","sv","th","tr","uk","ur","vi","cy"]; var LanguageMenu_values=["Arabic","Bulgarian","Catalan","Chinese Simplified","Chinese Traditional","Czech","Danish","Dutch","English","Estonian","Finnish","French","German","Greek","Haitian Creole","Hebrew","Hindi","Hmong 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onmouseover="Microsoft.Translator.OnMouseOverFloater()"> <span>TRANSLATE with </span><img id="CollapsedLogoImg"></div> <div id="FloaterSharePanel" style="display: none"> <div id="ShareTextDiv"> <span id="ShareTextSpan"> COPY THE URL BELOW </span> </div> <div id="ShareTextboxDiv"> <input name="ShareTextbox" type="text" id="ShareTextbox" readonly="readonly" onclick="this.select()"> <!--a id="TwitterLink" title="Share on Twitter"> <img id="TwitterImg" /></a> <a-- id="FacebookLink" title="Share on Facebook"> <img id="FacebookImg" /></a--> <a id="EmailLink" title="Email this translation"> <img id="EmailImg"></a> </div> <div id="ShareFooter"> <span id="ShareHelpSpan"><a id="ShareHelpLink"> <img id="ShareHelpImg"></a></span> <span id="ShareBackSpan"><a id="ShareBack" href="javascript:Microsoft.Translator.FloaterOnShareBackClick()" title="Back To Translation"> Back</a></span> </div> <input name="EmailSubject" type="hidden" id="EmailSubject" value="Check out this page in {0} translated from {1}"> <input name="EmailBody" type="hidden" id="EmailBody" value="Translated: {0}%0d%0aOriginal: {1}%0d%0a%0d%0aAutomatic translation powered by Microsoft® Translator%0d%0ahttp://www.bing.com/translator?ref=MSTWidget"> <input type="hidden" id="ShareHelpText" value="This link allows visitors to launch this page and automatically translate it to {0}."> </div> <div id="FloaterEmbed" style="display: none"> <div id="EmbedTextDiv"> <span id="EmbedTextSpan">EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE</span> <a id="EmbedHelpLink" title="Copy this code and place it into your HTML."> <img id="EmbedHelpImg"></a> </div> <div id="EmbedTextboxDiv"> <input name="EmbedSnippetTextBox" type="text" id="EmbedSnippetTextBox" readonly="readonly" value="<div id='MicrosoftTranslatorWidget' class='Dark' style='color:white;background-color:#555555'></div><script type='text/javascript'>setTimeout(function(){var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text/javascript';s.charset='UTF-8';s.src=((location && location.href && location.href.indexOf('https') == 0)?'https://ssl.microsofttranslator.com':'http://www.microsofttranslator.com')+'/ajax/v3/WidgetV3.ashx?siteData=ueOIGRSKkd965FeEGM5JtQ**&ctf=true&ui=true&settings=manual&from=en';var p=document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement;p.insertBefore(s,p.firstChild); },0);</script>" onclick="this.select()"> </div> <div id="EmbedNoticeDiv"><span id="EmbedNoticeSpan">Enable collaborative features and customize widget: <a href="http://www.bing.com/widget/translator" target="_blank">Bing Webmaster Portal</a></span></div> <div id="EmbedFooterDiv"><span id="EmbedBackSpan"><a href="javascript:Microsoft.Translator.FloaterOnEmbedBackClick()" title="Back To Translation">Back</a></span></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var intervalId = setInterval(function () { if (MtPopUpList) { LanguageMenu = new MtPopUpList(); var langMenu = document.getElementById(LanguageMenu_popupid); var origLangDiv = document.createElement("div"); origLangDiv.id = "OriginalLanguageDiv"; origLangDiv.innerHTML = "<span id='OriginalTextSpan'>ORIGINAL: </span><span id='OriginalLanguageSpan'></span>"; langMenu.appendChild(origLangDiv); LanguageMenu.Init('LanguageMenu', LanguageMenu_keys, LanguageMenu_values, LanguageMenu_callback, LanguageMenu_popupid); window["LanguageMenu"] = LanguageMenu; clearInterval(intervalId); } }, 1); </script> </div><div class="TnITTtw-fp-collapsed-button" style="display: block;"></div><div class="TnITTtw-mate-fp-bar" translate="no" style="z-index: 102; width: 0px; height: 0px; opacity: 0; display: none;"> <div class="TnITTtw-hide-fp-bar" style="display: none;"></div> <div class="TnITTtw-current-page-lang" style="display: none;">此页面的语言为中文（简体）</div> <div class="TnITTtw-cta-button-layout" style="display: none;"> <div class="TnITTtw-spinner"> <div class="TnITTtw-bounce1"></div> <div class="TnITTtw-bounce2"></div> <div class="TnITTtw-bounce3"></div> </div> <div class="TnITTtw-mw-button TnITTtw-fp-translate TnITTtw-high-cta" style="display: none;">翻译为</div> </div> <div class="TnITTtw-change-language TnITTtw-select" data-for-serial="3" style="display: none;"></div> <div class="TnITTtw-stop-fp"></div> <div class="TnITTtw-toggle-iphone-settings" style="display: none;"></div> <div class="TnITTtw-ui_selector" style="display: none;"> <div class="TnITTtw-options-arrow" style="display: none;"></div> <div class="TnITTtw-options TnITTtw-opt-3 TnITTtw-standalone" data-serial="3" style="display: none; z-index: 998;"> <div class="TnITTtw-dd-search"> <input class="TnITTtw-dd-input" type="text" data-dir="to" placeholder="搜索" data-width="NaN"> </div> <div id="selVisibleScroll-3"> <div id="selEntireScroll-3"> <div class="TnITTtw-inner-options-layout"> <ul class="TnITTtw-list"><li class="lang-zh-CN TnITTtw-option" index="1"><span id="lang-zh-CN" val="zh-CN" class="lang-zh-CN">中文（简体）</span></li><li class="lang-zh-TW TnITTtw-option" index="2"><span id="lang-zh-TW" val="zh-TW" class="lang-zh-TW">中文（繁体）</span></li><li class="lang-da TnITTtw-option" index="3"><span id="lang-da" val="da" class="lang-da">丹麦语</span></li><li class="lang-uk TnITTtw-option" index="4"><span id="lang-uk" val="uk" class="lang-uk">乌克兰语</span></li><li class="lang-ur TnITTtw-option" index="5"><span id="lang-ur" val="ur" class="lang-ur">乌尔都语</span></li><li class="lang-hy TnITTtw-option" index="6"><span id="lang-hy" val="hy" class="lang-hy">亚美尼亚语</span></li><li class="lang-ru TnITTtw-option" index="7"><span id="lang-ru" val="ru" class="lang-ru">俄语</span></li><li class="lang-bg TnITTtw-option" index="8"><span id="lang-bg" val="bg" class="lang-bg">保加利亚语</span></li><li class="lang-hr TnITTtw-option" index="9"><span id="lang-hr" val="hr" class="lang-hr">克罗地亚语</span></li><li class="lang-is TnITTtw-option" index="10"><span id="lang-is" val="is" class="lang-is">冰岛语</span></li><li class="lang-ca TnITTtw-option" index="11"><span id="lang-ca" val="ca" class="lang-ca">加泰罗尼亚语</span></li><li class="lang-hu TnITTtw-option" index="12"><span id="lang-hu" val="hu" class="lang-hu">匈牙利语</span></li><li class="lang-kn TnITTtw-option" index="13"><span id="lang-kn" val="kn" class="lang-kn">卡纳达语</span></li><li class="lang-hi TnITTtw-option" index="14"><span id="lang-hi" val="hi" class="lang-hi">印地语</span></li><li class="lang-id TnITTtw-option" index="15"><span id="lang-id" val="id" class="lang-id">印尼语</span></li><li class="lang-gu TnITTtw-option" index="16"><span id="lang-gu" val="gu" class="lang-gu">古吉拉特语</span></li><li class="lang-kk TnITTtw-option" index="17"><span id="lang-kk" val="kk" class="lang-kk">哈萨克语</span></li><li class="lang-tr TnITTtw-option" index="18"><span id="lang-tr" val="tr" class="lang-tr">土耳其语</span></li><li class="lang-cy TnITTtw-option" index="19"><span id="lang-cy" val="cy" class="lang-cy">威尔士语</span></li><li class="lang-bn TnITTtw-option" index="20"><span id="lang-bn" val="bn" class="lang-bn">孟加拉语</span></li><li class="lang-ne TnITTtw-option" index="21"><span id="lang-ne" val="ne" class="lang-ne">尼泊尔语</span></li><li class="lang-af TnITTtw-option" index="22"><span id="lang-af" val="af" class="lang-af">布尔语(南非荷兰语)</span></li><li class="lang-iw TnITTtw-option" index="23"><span id="lang-iw" val="iw" class="lang-iw">希伯来语</span></li><li class="lang-el TnITTtw-option" index="24"><span id="lang-el" val="el" class="lang-el">希腊语</span></li><li class="lang-ku TnITTtw-option" index="25"><span id="lang-ku" val="ku" class="lang-ku">库尔德语</span></li><li class="lang-de TnITTtw-option" index="26"><span id="lang-de" val="de" class="lang-de">德语</span></li><li class="lang-it TnITTtw-option" index="27"><span id="lang-it" val="it" class="lang-it">意大利语</span></li><li class="lang-lv TnITTtw-option" index="28"><span id="lang-lv" val="lv" class="lang-lv">拉脱维亚语</span></li><li class="lang-no TnITTtw-option" index="29"><span id="lang-no" val="no" class="lang-no">挪威语</span></li><li class="lang-cs TnITTtw-option" index="30"><span id="lang-cs" val="cs" class="lang-cs">捷克语</span></li><li class="lang-sk TnITTtw-option" index="31"><span id="lang-sk" val="sk" class="lang-sk">斯洛伐克语</span></li><li class="lang-sl TnITTtw-option" index="32"><span id="lang-sl" val="sl" class="lang-sl">斯洛文尼亚语</span></li><li class="lang-pa TnITTtw-option" index="33"><span id="lang-pa" val="pa" class="lang-pa">旁遮普语</span></li><li class="lang-ja TnITTtw-option" index="34"><span id="lang-ja" val="ja" class="lang-ja">日语</span></li><li class="lang-ps TnITTtw-option" index="35"><span id="lang-ps" val="ps" class="lang-ps">普什图语</span></li><li class="lang-mi TnITTtw-option" index="36"><span id="lang-mi" val="mi" class="lang-mi">毛利语</span></li><li class="lang-fr TnITTtw-option" index="37"><span id="lang-fr" val="fr" class="lang-fr">法语</span></li><li class="lang-pl TnITTtw-option" index="38"><span id="lang-pl" val="pl" class="lang-pl">波兰语</span></li><li class="lang-fa TnITTtw-option" index="39"><span id="lang-fa" val="fa" class="lang-fa">波斯语</span></li><li class="lang-te TnITTtw-option" index="40"><span id="lang-te" val="te" class="lang-te">泰卢固语</span></li><li class="lang-ta TnITTtw-option" index="41"><span id="lang-ta" val="ta" class="lang-ta">泰米尔语</span></li><li class="lang-th TnITTtw-option" index="42"><span id="lang-th" val="th" class="lang-th">泰语</span></li><li class="lang-ht TnITTtw-option" index="43"><span id="lang-ht" val="ht" class="lang-ht">海地克里奥尔语</span></li><li class="lang-et TnITTtw-option" index="44"><span id="lang-et" val="et" class="lang-et">爱沙尼亚语</span></li><li class="lang-sv TnITTtw-option" index="45"><span id="lang-sv" val="sv" class="lang-sv">瑞典语</span></li><li class="lang-lt TnITTtw-option" index="46"><span id="lang-lt" val="lt" class="lang-lt">立陶宛语</span></li><li class="lang-my TnITTtw-option" index="47"><span id="lang-my" val="my" class="lang-my">缅甸语</span></li><li class="lang-ro TnITTtw-option" index="48"><span id="lang-ro" val="ro" class="lang-ro">罗马尼亚语</span></li><li 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