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简语语法.htm
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<div class=WordSection1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><b><span
style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Lingua
Regla de Simplingua</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><b><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>简语语法</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:115%'><b><span
style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>【目录】</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a
href="#发音和拼读"><span lang=ZH-CN>发音和拼读</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a
href="#句子的组成"><span lang=ZH-CN>句子的组成</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#名词"><span
lang=ZH-CN>名词</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#限定词"><span
lang=ZH-CN>限定词</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#代词"><span
lang=ZH-CN>代词</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a
href="#形容词和副词"><span lang=ZH-CN>形容词和副词</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#动词"><span
lang=ZH-CN>动词</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#连词"><span
lang=ZH-CN>连词</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#介词"><span
lang=ZH-CN>介词</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#数词"><span
lang=ZH-CN>数词</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#疑问句"><span
lang=ZH-CN>疑问句</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#复合句"><span
lang=ZH-CN>复合句</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><a href="#构词法"><span
lang=ZH-CN>构词法</span></a></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><br
clear=all style='page-break-before:always'>
</span>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><a name=发音和拼读></a><b><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>【发音与拼读】</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>一、元音</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>a
/a/ e /e/ o /o/ i
/i/ u /u/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>ai /ai/
au /au/ oi /oi/ eu /eu/
ei /ei/ ou /ou/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>1</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、不少于两个音节的词，结尾处的</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-er</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>读作</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（具体音值可读作</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>[</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>]</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>或</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>[</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ɜ</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>]</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>或</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>[</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ɝ</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>]</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>），如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>pater
/'pa.t</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-er</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>整体视作元音；符合这种情况的单词在复合词或派生词当中，</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-er</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>的发音依然为</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>supervide
/su.p</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>.'vi.de/ </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>2</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、任何两个元音都可以相接，出现以上六组的情况，通常读成双元音，被视为一个音节；以上六组情况以外的则通常视作两个音节需分开拼读</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>二、辅音</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>b
/b/ p /p/ m /m/ v
/v/ f /f/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>d
/d/ t /t/ n /n/ z
/z/ s /s/ l /l/ r
/r/ -r /</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span lang=PT-BR
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>g(-i, -e) /d</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ʒ</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/
c(-i,-e) /t</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ʃ</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/
sc(-i,-e) /</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ʃ</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/ ch
/t</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"MS Gothic"'>ʃ</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/ sh /</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ʃ</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>g
/g/ c /k/ h /h/ x /ks/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>gu(-a, -o)
/gw/ qu(-a,-o) /kw/ gu(-i,-e)
/g/ qu(-i,-e) /k/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>j
/j/ w /w/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>1</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、字母</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>C</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>G</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>和字母组合</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>SC</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>在后接元音</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>i</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>e</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>时发音软化，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>gelo
/'d</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"MS Gothic"'>ʒ</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>e.lo/</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>cielo
/t</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"MS Gothic"'>ʃ</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>i.'e.lo/</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>scena
/'</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"MS Gothic"'>ʃ</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>e.na/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>2</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、字母组合</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>GU</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>QU</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>根据后方所接元音决定发音：若接细音（</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>i</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>e</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>）则发音为</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/g/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>和</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/k/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>anguilo
/an.'gi.lo/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span lang=PT-BR
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>queso
/'ke.so/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>；若接洪音（</span><span lang=PT-BR
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>a</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>o</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>）则发音为唇化的</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/gw/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>和</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/kw/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>lingua
/'lin.gwa/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span lang=PT-BR
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>aqua
/'a.kwa/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>3</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、处在元音后且后面没有元音字母的</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-r</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>读作</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>horto
/'ho</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>.to/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，这个</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-r
/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>不能承担重音，在计算音节时依然视作辅音</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>4</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、字母</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>R</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>在元音前方时，其音值可选择</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>[r]</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>[</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ɹ̠</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>]</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>或</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>[</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ɻ</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>]</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，一般推荐</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>[</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ɹ̠</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>]</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>的发音（即英语的字母</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>R</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>的发音），但不允许读作闪音或小舌音</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>5</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、清音通常推荐使用送气音，与对应的浊音形成清</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>浊、送气</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>不送气的双重对立，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>t</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>读作</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>[t<sup>h</sup>]</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>6</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、字母</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>K</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>发音为</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/k/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，字母</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Y</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>发音为</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/j/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，不出现在简语本身的单词里，亦不列在字母表当中</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>7</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、若出现双写的辅音，只读后面一个，或读如长辅音</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>三、重音</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>1</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、不少于两个音节的词，重音通常在倒数第二音节上，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>mandarin
/man.'da.rin/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>2</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、符合以下全部条件的单词，重音在倒数第三音节上，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>fobia
/'fo.bi.a/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span lang=PT-BR
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>stacion
/'sta.t</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ʃ</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>i.on/</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，通常来说词尾表现为</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-io</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-ia</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-ion</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>(1) </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>不少于三音节</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>(2) </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>倒数第二音节的元音为</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>i</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，且其前只有一个辅音字母或是非塞音</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>
+ l</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>或</span><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>r</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>的双辅音组合如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>cambia
/'kam.bi.a/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（因而</span><span lang=PT-BR
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>oblia</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>不符合要求，重音仍然在倒数第二音节上：</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>oblía
/o.'bli.a/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>）</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>(3) </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>末音节以元音开头，即倒数第二音节的</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>i</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>后方直接跟随有元音字母</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（在简语教程当中，两个元音或两个元音加辅音结尾的单词，都会用锐音符标注重音位置，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>fóbia</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>stácion</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>janúa</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>metéo</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>，正式行文当中不出现锐音符）</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>3</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、复合词和派生词若符合以上第</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>2</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>条的情况，但最后一个词根若是一个双音节词，则重音仍在倒数第二音节，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>hodía
/ho.'di.a/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>的重音应与</span><span lang=PT-BR
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>día
/'di.a/</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>一致</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>4</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>、若单词以辅音结尾，不改变以上的重音规则，如</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>hotel
/'ho.tel/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>四、字母表顺序与字母名称</span></b></p>
</div>
<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><br
clear=all style='page-break-before:auto'>
</span>
<div class=WordSection2 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Aa /a/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Bb /be/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Cc /t</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ʃ</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>e/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Dd /de/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ee /e/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ff /ef/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Gg /d</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ʒ</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>e/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Hh /hat</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ʃ</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ii /i/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Jj
/jot/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ll /el/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Mm /em/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Nn /en/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Oo /o/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Pp /pe/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Qq /ku/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Rr /e</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"MS Gothic"'>ə</span><span
lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ss /es/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Tt /te/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Uu /u/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Vv /ve/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ww /du.'ple.ve/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Xx
/eks/</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Zz
/zet/</span></p>
</div>
<span lang=PT-BR style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><br
clear=all style='page-break-before:auto'>
</span>
<div class=WordSection3 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'><b><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><br
clear=all style='page-break-before:always'>
</span></b>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><a name=句子的组成></a><b><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>【句子的组成】</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>一、谓语动词</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>所有的完整句子都必须包含至少一个动词词组。一个动词词组可以包含一个动词、动词的宾语、补语或状语。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ja
<u>plúvia</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>下了雨。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Es</span></u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>
aqua-di. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（今天）是星期三。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>二、主语和宾语</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>大多数句子都还会有两类名词词组：主语词组、宾语词组。主语通常是谓语动词的发出者、施行者，而宾语则通常是动词的接受者、对象、目标。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Le
nino</span></u><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> prosequi <u>un ave</u>. </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>那个男孩在追着一只鸟。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Le
nina</span></u><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> ama <u>musica</u>. </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>那个女孩喜欢音乐。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>部分动词没有宾语，因而句子中只要求主语。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ili</span></u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>
sede.</span><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>他们坐着。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Un
can</span></u><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> dormi. </span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>一只狗在睡觉。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Li</span></u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>
deja sede per longue tempo. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>他已经坐了很长的时间了。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>三、表语</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>在系动词（如</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>es
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>是、</span><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>esce</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>成为、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>sembla
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>好像、</span><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>aspecta </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>看起来、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>mantene
</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>保持等）之后的宾语被称为表语，表语可能是名词、名词性词组、名词性从句或动名词词组，也可能是形容词。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Contatore
es <u>maquina</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>电脑是机器。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Le
aira sembla <u>humide</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>空气似乎（有点）潮湿。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ila
va esce <u>un docista</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>她将成为一名教师。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Le
</span><span lang=RU style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>sopa</span><span
lang=RU style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>
</span><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>mantene
<u>termo</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>汤保持着温热。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Le
labora de nos es <u>restatuendo le muro</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>我们的工作是重建那堵墙。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Mi
idéa es <u>que ti va canta</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>我的想法就是您去唱歌。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>四、补语</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>形容词一般处于名词前方，若处在宾语名词的后方，则是充当补语，表示谓语动词的目的或结果。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Nos
ja pinta le domo <u>blu</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>我们把房子涂成了蓝色。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Mantene
le janúa <u>aprite</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>让门保持开着。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>除了形容词外，动词词组也可以充当补语，通常用于表达使役的句子当中。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Comandanto
ja manda nos <u>excava un néo guera-foso</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>将军下令让我们挖一条新的壕沟。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Mi
vole ti <u>expresa le amo de ti a ila</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>我想要你去向她表达你的爱。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>五、介词词组：状语或定语</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>介词词组通常在句中充当状语，对谓语动词的场所、时间、方式、状态等做出补充说明。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Sole-lume
veni <u>trans le vetro</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>阳光穿过玻璃而来。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><u><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>In
nocte</span></u><span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>, poli stelas pari. </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>在夜晚会出现很多星星。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Mi
ja dona le libro <u>a ti</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>我已经将那本书给了您。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>介词词组还可以充当定语来修饰名词词组。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>un
libro <u>cir ave</u> </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>关于鸟的一本书</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>le
fema <u>ec Barat</u> </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>从印度来的那个女人</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>六、从句</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>除了词组以外，一些句子还包含从句。从句可以充当主句当中的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，从句内部通常则形成一个小句子。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Le
mas <u>qui habita in ce loco in pasto</u> deja cede a London. </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>曾经住在这里的那个男人已经去了伦敦。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Ilo
va visita le urbe in Mes Six, <u>le tempo le metéo es bon</u>. </span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>他将会在六月参观那个城市，那个时候天气很好。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Mi
es ne licete age <u>como mi vole</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>我不被允许为所欲为。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span lang=ES
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>Mi
pensa <u>que ila es bele</u>. </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>我认为她很漂亮。</span></p>
<span lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'><br
clear=all style='page-break-before:always'>
</span>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><a name=名词></a><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>【名词】</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>名词是指代事物或概念的一类单词</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span lang=ES style='font-size:
12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>一、名词的数</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，通常认为可以一个个进行计数的是可数名词，如</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>malo</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（苹果）、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>botela</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（瓶子）、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>stilo</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（笔）等，而不能逐个计数的则是不可数名词，如</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>aqua</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（水）、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>vino</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（酒）、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>amo</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（爱）等等。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>可数名词有复数形式，表示多于一个，一般直接在名词后方加上</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-s</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>即可构成，如：</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>studentes</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（学生们）、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>tablas</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（几张桌子）、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>lampas</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（几盏灯）等等。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>若名词以辅音结尾，则添加</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-es</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>来表达复数，单词的重音位置不变，如</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>muses</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（几只老鼠）、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>stáciones</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（一些车站）、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>cánones</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（一些大炮）。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>以</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-er</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>结尾的名词，加复数为直接在后方加</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-s</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>并且</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>-er</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>的发音不变，如</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>maters</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（妈妈们）、</span><span
lang=ES style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>pasers</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>（一些麻雀）。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>一些在英语当中通常使用复数的词，在简语中以单数形式存在：</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>a
pair of glasses = un spectatore <span lang=ZH-CN>（一副眼镜）</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>a
pair of trousers = un pantalon <span lang=ZH-CN>（一条裤子）</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>不可数名词若要进行计数，可以借助量词形成的数量词组，如</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>un
copa de lacte<span lang=ZH-CN>（一杯牛奶）、</span>du peces de bos<span lang=ZH-CN>（两块木材）。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>在特定的语境下，一些不可数名词可以转换为可数名词来表达份数，如在咖啡馆说</span><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>du
cafes<span lang=ZH-CN>意味着</span>du copas de cafe<span lang=ZH-CN>（两杯咖啡）。</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'> </span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><b><span lang=ZH-CN
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>二、名词的</span></b><b><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>“<span
lang=ZH-CN>性</span>”</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>简语名词没有语法上的阴阳性，大多数名词的词尾仅仅是拼写的差异，并没有表达性别的意味。而一些表示人类的名词本身就包含自然性别。有以下三种情况：</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:115%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>1<span lang=ZH-CN>、名词</span>-a<span
lang=ZH-CN>尾表示雌性、</span>-o<span lang=ZH-CN>尾表示雄性</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>一些成对的名词享用同样的词根，仅通过词尾区分女性或男性：</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",sans-serif'>nina
<span lang=ZH-CN>女孩</span> nino <span lang=ZH-CN>男孩</span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:115%'><span